NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Identification of Nursing Practice Problem Essay

Part 1: Medication errors in nursing as a result of staffing shortage

The selected nursing issue for the evidence-based practice (EBP) project is medication errors in nursing that happen due to staffing shortage. Medication errors are a significant problem in healthcare sector, especially at this time when there is nursing shaortage and high nurse turnovers. With reduced number of nurses working in the healthcare sector, the susceptibility of patients to medication errors increases, particularly adverse drug events that can lead to death and prolonged stays in hospitals (Buerhaus et al., 2017). The project will focus on the effectiveness of implementation of health information technology compared to the conventional ways of medication management to mitigate medication errors in critically ill patients. The selection of critically ill patients as the population of interest emanates from their increased vulnerability to injuries that need high-risk medication and more use of intravenous infusions which rises the possibility of medication errors. Health information technology can play an essential role in enhancing efficiency of nurses to offer required care and reduce medication errors.

Findings show that religious engagement among students declines during college, but their spirituality shows substantial growth. “Students become more caring, more tolerant, more connected with others, and more actively engaged in a spiritual quest.” (“Cultivating the Spirit – Spirituality in Higher Education”) The authors also found that spiritual growth enhances other outcomes, such as academic performance, psychological well-being, leadership development, and satisfaction with college. The study also identified a number of college activities that contribute to students’ spiritual growth. Some of these–study abroad, interdisciplinary studies, and service learning–appear to be effective because they expose students to new and diverse people, cultures, and ideas. Spiritual development is also enhanced if students engage in “inner work” through activities such as meditation or self-reflection, or if their professors actively encourage them to explore questions of meaning and purpose. (“Cultivating the Spirit – Spirituality in Higher (Alexander W, 2010)”). By raising public awareness of the key role that spirituality plays in student learning and development, by alerting academic administrators, faculty, and curriculum committees to the importance of spiritual development, and by identifying strategies for enhancing that development, this work encourages institutions to give greater priority to these spiritual aspects of students’ educational and professional development.

While errors are inevitable and lead to detrimental effects on patients, healthcare providers can leverage technological tools to reduce their likelihood through establishing appropriate measures. Health systems and providers can reduce the problem through organization-wide processes and not just through medication administration component alone (Trimble et al., 2017). Due to the increased demand on healthcare services that has resulted in provider shortage, health information technology can offer solutions to the issue. The EBP project will delve into the issue using evidence-based practice intervention and translational research to provide possible solutions to the health systems and practitioners like nurses.

Part II:

PICOT Question
P	Population	Critically ill patients
I	Intervention	Integration of health information technology in the medication administration process
C	Comparison	Use of conventional medication management process
O	Outcome	Reduction of medication errors
T	Timeframe	Duration of hospital stay
PICOT	Among the critically ill patients (P), does the integration of health information technology (I) compared to conventional methods in medication administration process (C), reduce medication error (O) during hospital stay (T)?
Problem Statement	Medication errors remain a critical health challenge which impacts not just the nursing staff but also patients under their care. Medication errors sometimes do not cause harm. However, in most instances, they can be devastating to the nurses and harmful to patients. Nurses play a critical roel in protection of patients against mistakes and errors in the medication administration as they are exclusively responsible for administration, dispensation and monitoring of medications to patients (Trimble et al., 2017). While the healthcare struggles with increased nurse shortage due to high turnover, providers can leverage health information technology to reduce these adverse events and enhance protection of patients under their care. In their study, Alotaibi et al. (2017) assert that health information technology (HIT) offers numerous chances for enhancing and transforming healthcafe that include reduction of human errors, facilitating effective coordination and improving practice efficiencies. Therefore, through levarging on health information technologies like barcode scanning, electronic medication administration record (eMAR) and patient data management systems, electronic incident reporting and E-prescribing among other interventions, health organizations and providers can reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety despite having nurse staffing shortage. The implication is that these technologies reduce the possibility of errors that are mainly human mistakes by providers during the medication administration process.

References

Alotaibi, Y. K. & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi

Medical Journal, 38(12):1173-1180. doi: 10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631

Buerhaus, P., Skinner, L., Aurhach, D. & Staiger, D. (2017). Four challenges facing the nursing workforce in

the United States. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(2), 40-46. DOI:10.1016/S2155-8256(17)30097-2

Trimble, A. N., Bishop, B., & Rampe, N. (2017). Medication errors associated with transition from insulin pens

to insulin vials. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 74(2), 70-75. doi:10.2146/ajhp150726

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Description:

Learners will select a valid nursing practice problem for an evidence-based practice project proposal. The project will be completed in sections, beginning in NUR-550 and culminating in a final written paper detailing the evidence-based practice proposal in NUR-590.

Looking through the GCU library for an interesting translational research study, I came across this one titled “Enhanced differentiation of human dopaminergic neural cell model for preclinical translational research in Parkinson’s disease.” Harischandra and colleagues (2020). According to this study, there are treatment options for Parkinson’s patients, such as deep brain stimulation and medications like levodopa, but these treatments only scratch the surface of the problem (Harischandra et. al, 2020). They claim that in order to provide future (better) treatment for these patients, they must examine dopaminergic neurons as well as the dopamine transporter (Harischandra, et. Al, 2020).

They attempted to conduct studies on rats but discovered that the cells differed in such a way that the results would be inaccurate (Harishchandra, et. Al, 2020). They then used embryonic stem cells to create LUHMES cells that more closely resembled the pathways they were attempting to achieve (Harischandra, et. Al, 2020). They are in the T1 transition, pre patient and practice, in the lab studying the real effects on the neural pathways by doing their experiments on these cells (Translational Research, n.d.). I’m not going to lie, the study is lengthy, and the process they used involved a ton of chemicals and days of watching these cells develop into what they needed, but at the end of 5 days, their processes had significantly increased dopamine reuptake in the cells (Hasichandra, et. Al, 2020). Stem Cells are not always available for drug research, so the ability to develop these LUHMES cells for testing is fantastic for the future of Parkinson’s research and drug testing (Harischandra et. Al, 2020).

The purpose of this assignment is to select a relevant nursing practice problem for your evidence-based practice project proposal. To identify a relevant problem, consider problems generally faced in nursing practice (coordination of health care, assessment, education, patient
support, trauma prevention, recovery, health screenings, etc.). Use the “PICOT Draft” template to complete this assignment.

Use a national, state or local population health care database to research indicators of disparity. Choose a mortality/morbidity indicator to identify a clinical problem or issue that you want to explore pertaining to a population of focus. Use this indicator to begin to formulate a PICOT statement.

Refer to the “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal – Assignment Overview” document for an overview of the evidence-based practice project proposal assignments.

You are required to cite one peer-reviewed source to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Topic 1 DQ 1

Description:

Identify the different levels of translational research. Explain how translational research is different from evidence-based practice and discuss application to population health management.

Topic 1 DQ 2

Description:

Using the GCU Library (notably the GCU Library: Nursing and Health Sciences Research Guide), find a database, journal, or other collection of resources that focuses on translational research. Select a population health problem or issue of interest from the available studies. What type of translational research is used for the study? Provide rationale as to why this is the best.

Topic 1: Quality Research and Theoretical Frameworks

Description

Objectives:

Identify the different levels of translational research.
2. Differentiate translational research from evidence-based practice.
3. Discuss the application of translational research to population health management.
4. Evaluate sources of translational research.
5. Select a valid nursing practice problem for an evidence-based practice project proposal.
Study Materials

Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential Knowledge for the Profession

Description:

Read Chapters 22 and 23 in Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential Knowledge for the Profession.

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare

Description:

Read Chapter 1 in Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Description:

Explore the World Health Organization (WHO) website.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Description:

Explore the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

State and County Departments of Health

Description:

Explore the websites of your state and county departments of health and access mortality and morbidity data. The link to the Arizona Department of Health Services website is provided, but students living in other states should access their county and state departments.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Burden of Disease

Description:

Read “Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Burden of Disease,” by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.

GCU Library: Nursing and Health Sciences Research Guide

Description:

Review the “Nursing and Health Sciences” research guide, located on the GCU Library website.

NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Identification of Nursing Practice Problem Essay

The Electronic Health Record: A Friend or Foe of Translational Research and Evidence-Based Practice?
Description:

Read “The Electronic Health Record: A Friend or Foe of Translational Research and Evidence-Based Practice?” by Chipps et al., from Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing (2019).

Evidence-Based Practice

Description:

Read “Evidence-Based Practice” by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, from Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (2017).

Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction

Description:

Read “Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction,” by Titler, from Online Journal of Issues in Nursing (2018).

On Biostatistics and Clinical Trials: PICO, PICOTS, PICOTT Framework for Clinical Questions as a Way to Design Clinical Trials
Description:

Read “PICO, PICOTS, PICOTT Framework for Clinical Questions as a Way to Design Clinical Trials,” by Deng, from
On Biostatistics and Clinical Trials (2020).

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Course Description

Learners in this course will examine the process of scientific inquiry, knowledge generation, evidence utilization, and dissemination into advanced nursing practice in order to propose quality-improvement initiatives that will advance the delivery of safe, high-quality care to patient populations. Learners critically evaluate evidence, including biopsychosocial findings, epidemiology, biostatistics, genetics, and genomics, and apply levels of evidence and theoretical frameworks to design culturally appropriate clinical prevention interventions and population-based care that reduces risks, prevents disease, and promotes health and well-being. Learners also consider strategies for assessing health policy and advocacy issues, the state of health care delivery, patient-centered care, and ethical principles pertaining to health beliefs, health promotion, and risk reduction for diverse populations. Learners use these strategies to identify gaps in nursing and health care knowledge, identify potential solutions or innovations to fill those gaps, plan and implement practice changes, and evaluate outcomes to improve practice.

Description:

Learners are required to develop an evidence-based practice project proposal. The project begins in NUR-550 and culminates in NUR-590. The project will be completed in sections throughout both courses and culminate in NUR-590, during which the project elements are synthesized into a final written paper that details the evidence-based practice project proposal.

Refer to the “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal – Assignment Overview” document for an overview of the evidence-based practice project proposal assignments. This document serves only to provide context for the overall project and how the assignments interact. Refer to each assignment in the classroom for the assignment criteria and rubric information.

Optional: ThinkingStorm

Description:

For additional information, the following is recommended:

ThinkingStorm is an online tutoring resource that provides flexible support to supplement traditional educational environments. The tutoring center is remotely accessible to GCU learners with a computer and an Internet connection and offers convenient hours for learners with busy schedules. ThinkingStorm tutoring includes a writing center that offers 24/7 submission-based writing support, as well as live writing support across the curriculum.

If you are interested in utilizing ThinkingStorm’s writing support, submit your documents chapter by chapter, rather than as a full manuscript.

To assist learners with their success at the university, GCU will pay for the first 10 hours of a learner’s annual ThinkingStorm activity. Learners are responsible for usage charges after the first 10 hours.

To access ThinkingStorm, click on the link provided and select the yellow “Go to ThinkingStorm” button.

Optional: Grammarly

Description:

For additional information, the following is recommended:

Timeline 10.0% A description of the timeline is not included. A description of the timeline is incomplete or incorrect. A description of the timeline is included but lacks evidence. A description of the timelines is complete and includes sufficient evidence. A description of the timeline is extremely thorough with substantial evidence.

Problem Statement 20.0% A problem statement is not included. The problem statement is incomplete. The problem statement is generally presented. There are some inaccuracies. More support is needed to justify or rationalize the problem. The problem statement is presented. Adequate support is provided to justify or rationalize the problem. The problem statement concisely describes the issue using strong support to rationalize and justify the problem.

PICOT 20.0% The PICOT statement is omitted. The PICOT statement is incomplete. The PICOT statement is presented but there some inaccuracies. The PICOT statement is presented. Some detail is needed. The PICOT statement concisely and accurately describes the problem.

Required Sources 5.0% Sources are not included. Number of required sources is only partially met. Number of required sources is met, but sources are outdated or inappropriate. Number of required sources is met. Sources are current, but not all sources are appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. Number of required resources is met. Sources are current and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Translational Research Graphic Organizer State the nursing practice problem for your evidence-based practice project. If your nursing problem has not yet been approved, make any required changes or revisions to your nursing practice problem prior to starting the assignment. Using your proposed topic, conduct a literature search and complete the tables below. Nursing Practice Problem: The problem that this project seeks to address is the incomprehensive hand-off during nurse change-overs. Roslan & Lim (2017) characterized the problem as the communication breakdown that happens during nurse-to-nurse change-overs. The problem arises because nurses use ineffective handover practices that increase the risks of miscommunication. For example, nurses practice bedside handovers whereby information is verbally shared between off-shift and incoming nurses (Fealy et al, 2018). There is also no structured procedure, framework, and/or checklist used to conduct handovers (Fealy et al, 2018). As a result, inaccurate, incomplete, and misleading information is transferred. This is a significant problem because it increases the risks of medical errors thus compromising patient safety. Comparison 1: Translational Research vs. Qualitative Research Criter ia Peer-Reviewed Translational Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Article and Permalink/Working Permalink/Working Link: Link: Fealy, G., Donelly, S., Doyle, G., Brenner, M., Patterson, A., McIntire, E., Hughes, M, Mylotte, E.,…Ziki, M. (2018). Beecroft, N., Happ, M, MoffatClinical handover practices among healthcare Bruce, S. (2019).Nursing practitioners in acute care services: A qualitative Handovers in Critical Care: A study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(2), 1-9. Retrospective Analysis of https://www.researchgate.net/profile/MaryInformation Content and HughesFunction. Proceedings of the 12/publication/326954892_Clinical_handover_pr International Symposium on © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Observations (Similarities/Differences) Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 8(1), 4-8. actices_among_healthcare_practitioners_in_acute _care_services_A_qualitative_study/links/5bed4a 174585150b2bb7a768/Clinical-handoverpractices-among-healthcare-practitioners-inacute-care-services-A-qualitative-study.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/prof ile/Emily-Patterson15/publication/335838980_Nursi ng_Handovers_in_Critical_Care_ Traditional Qualitative Research Type: A_Retrospective_Analysis_of_Inf Descriptive study. ormation_Content_and_Function/ links/5da123cc299bf116fe9ed67f/ Nursing-Handovers-in-CriticalCare-A-Retrospective-Analysisof-Information-Content-andFunction.pdf Translational Research Type: Descriptive study. Metho The study adopted a descriptive dology design. Qualitative data obtained from previously conducted experiments were subjected to emergent theme analysis (Patterson et al, 2019). The study adopted a qualitative-descriptive design The two studies are similar in the (Fealy et al, 2018). Qualitative data were used to sense that they employed describe existing handover practices. The content qualitative data and techniques. analysis method was used to analyze research data. Both of them also employ a descriptive approach. © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Goals The goal is to establish the right contents for inclusion in electronic handover reports (Patterson et al, 2019). The goal is also to establish the most effective format and designs for electronic handover reports. To assess nursing handover practices (Fealy et al, Goals are similar in the sense that 2018). The goal is also to determine the factors they both address the effectiveness that influence the effectiveness of handover of handover practices. practices. The translational study, however, has a more pragmatic goal. It addresses a practical question/problem, that is, how to present handover information appropriately. For traditional research, the goal addresses a theoretical problem. Data Collec tion Data were collected from 20 reports on previous experimental studies. Handover information relating to 20 patients was used to establish the most important contents of a handover report. Data about the current handover practices were collected using focused group discussions and interviews. Data were obtained from 116 practitioners working in rural and urban hospitals (Fealy et al, 2018). © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. While the traditional research article relied on primary data sources, the translational research article utilized secondary data. The other difference is that the translational study incorporated data about patients while the traditional research article relied exclusively on expert information from nurse practitioners. Comparison 2: Translational Research vs. Quantitative Research Criteri a Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link: Lee, S., Atrkinson, E., Minaerd, G., Obrien, A. (2018). Electronic tool helps anesthesia trainee handovers. The Clinical Teacher, 15, 1-6. https://booksc.org/book/ 68537697/f393a5 Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link: Observations (Similarities/Differences) Delardes, B., McLeod, L., & Chakraborty, S. (2020). What is the effect of electronic clinical handovers on patient outcomes: A systematic review. Health Informatics Journal, 1-12. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/fu ll/10.1177/1460458220905162 Translational Research Type: Applied Research Traditional Quantitative Research Type: Basic research Methodology An experimental design was adopted. Trainee nurses were observed giving intraoperative handovers with a checklist and then without a checklist (Lee et al, 2018). The study adopted a quantitative approach. Numerical data from previous experimental studies were subjected to quantitative analysis to establish the impacts of electronic handover. Both adopted a quantitative approach. The difference is that translational research used an experimental design while traditional research relied on data obtained from past experimental studies. © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Goals Data Collection The goal is to develop a standardized electronic handover (Lee et al, 2018). This would help overcome the challenge of incomplete handover information during shift change-overs. The goal of the study is to compare different electronic handover methods in terms of their effectiveness (Delardes, McLeod & Chakraborty, 2020). Both studies aim at improving the effectiveness of handover practices. Data for the study was collected using the observation method. The trainee nurses were observed while experimenting with handover checklists. Data about the impact of electronic handover methods on outcomes such as risks of adverse events, time to procedure, and handover completeness were obtained from reputable electronic databases from which the reviewed articles were obtained include Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus. The main difference is that the translational research article relied on primary data while secondary data was relied upon in the traditional research article. The difference is that the translational study aimed at producing a tangible solution in the form of a useful handover checklist that can be used in a nursing environment. On the other hand, the traditional research article intends to create theoretical knowledge on effective handover practices. © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. © 2021. Grand Canyon University.

All Rights Reserved. References Delardes, B., McLeod, L., & Chakraborty, S. (2020). What is the effect of electronic clinical handovers on patient outcomes: A systematic review. Health Informatics Journal, 1-12. Fealy, G., Donelly, S., Doyle, G., Brenner, M., Hughes, M, Mylotte, E.,…Ziki, M. (2018). Clinical handover practices among healthcare practitioners in acute care services: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(2), 1-9. Lee, S., Atrkinson, E., Minaerd, G., Obrien, A. (2018). Electronic tool helps anesthesia trainee handovers. The Clinical Teacher, 15, 16. https://booksc.org/book/68537697/f393a5 Patterson, A., McIntire, E., Beecroft, N., Happ, M, Moffat-Bruce, S. (2019).Nursing Handovers in Critical Care: A Retrospective Analysis of Information Content and Function. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care, 8(1), 4-8. Roslan, B., & Lim, L. (2017). Nurses’ perceptions of bedside clinical handover in a medical-surgical unit: An interpretive descriptive study. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 26(3), 150–157. © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. PICOT Draft Name__Wendy Fernandez __ Part 1: Propose a relevant nursing practice problem for an evidence-based practice project. Explain why you selected this topic and how it is relevant to advance nursing practice. Include one research article that demonstrates support for the nursing practice problem. Incomprehensive handing off is one of the major nursing practice problems in the U. S. According to Roslan & Lim (2017), incomprehensive handoff implies communication breakdown during nurse-to-nurse shift change. This topic is chosen because it significantly impacts patients’ safety. It accounts for more than 70% of adverse medical events, and in-hospital deaths (Shahid & Thoman, 2018).

The topic is relevant since inaccurate reporting of patient information can lead to medical errors, delay in treatment, and/or the formulation of inappropriate patients’ treatment plans. Part II: In the table below, describe the population and the intervention. (You will continue drafting the PICOT, completing the shaded areas in Topic 3.) PICOT Question P I C Population Can the use of electronic handovers and structured communication tools reduce in-hospital mortality, within one year, for the population of inpatientn individuals diagnosed with heart disease? Patients admitted to hospitals with heart disease are the population of focus for this evidencebased project. Heart disease accounts for the highest number of hospital admissions, and deaths in the U. S. According to Heron (2021), heart disease accounts for 24% of all the deaths in the U. S. Deaths due to heart disease are also highest among non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks (Heron, 2021). These findings seek to show that incomprehensive handoff affects heart disease patients the most. The proposed intervention is to introduce electronic handovers, and structured communication tools as mandatory requirements in clinical environments. A study by Delardes, McLeod & Chakraborty (2020) established that electronic handovers have the potential of improving the accuracy of nurse-to-nurse communications, and reducing delays in the Intervention provision of critical care. A structured communication tool would ensure that detailed, and complete patient information is shared between nurses, thus reducing the occurrence of medical errors, and/or the formulation of ineffective treatment plans. Comparison © 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. O Outcome T Timeframe PICOT Problem Statement © 2021. Grand Canyon University.

APA Writing Checklist

Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.

☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.

☐ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ Topic is well defined.

☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.

☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.

☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.

☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.

Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.

Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.

Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.

Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.

Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.

☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.

Part 1:

Nurses are professionally and ethically mandated to promote safe workplaces for optimal patient care. In the current nursing practice, nursing professionals achieve this objective by addressing nursing problems through evidence-based interventions. Nursing burnout is widespread in clinical care, considering that approximately 35%-45% of nurses are burned out in the United States (Schlak et al., 2021). The problem is multifaceted and stems from multiple factors, including a high workload, high job turnover rates, inadequate sleep, and stressful work environments. Research shows that the rate of nurse burnout increases proportionately with an increase in nurses’ psychological stress (Al Sabei et al., 2022). To underline the significance of nurse burnout as a practice problem, it is crucial to explore its profound impacts. The article by Schlak et al. (2021) demonstrates the importance of addressing nurse burnout by underlining that the risk of patient adverse events and patient mortality is about 8% when being attended to by nurses experiencing burnout. Length of stay is also high in environments with a high prevalence of nurse burnout. As a result, evidence-based interventions for reducing workplace stress can cushion nurses against burnout and improve patient care outcomes.

Part II: In the table below, describe the population and the intervention. (You will continue drafting the PICOT, completing the shaded areas in Topic 3.)

PICOT Question
P	Population	Nurses experiencing burnout Nurses with burnout pose a significant risk to patient care and hardly meet the desired health outcomes. According to Babapour et al. (2022), stressful environments that intensify burnout decrease nurses’ energy and work efficiency, hampering their capacity to provide proper patient care. Other adverse outcomes associated with such a workforce include low job satisfaction, a lack of teamwork, and increased intention to leave (Monroe et al., 2021). Since these outcomes affect patient care and work relationships adversely, evidence-based interventions to reduce nurse burnout should be a priority for nurses and nurse leaders.
I	Intervention	Guided mindfulness meditation Mindfulness meditation enhances coping and could be an effective intervention for nurse burnout. Mindfulness-based interventions are associated with positive benefits among nurses, such as stress and anxiety reduction, improved coping, and strong mental health and well-being (Fadzil et al., 2021; Huberty et al., 2019). Besides, mindfulness improves nurses’ self-awareness and judgment, enabling them to make better health decisions.
C	Comparison
O	Outcome
T	Timeframe
PICOT
Problem Statement

References

Al Sabei, S. D., Al‐Rawajfah, O., AbuAlRub, R., Labrague, L. J., & Burney, I. A. (2022). Nurses’ job burnout and its association with work environment, empowerment and psychological stress during COVID‐19 pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 28(5), e13077. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13077

Babapour, A. R., Gahassab-Mozaffari, N., & Fathnezhad-Kazemi, A. (2022). Nurses’ job stress and its impact on quality of life and caring behaviors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00852-y

Fadzil, N. A., Heong, W. O., Kueh, Y. C., & Phang, C. K. (2021). The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on nurses in Kelantan, Malaysia. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 28(6), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.6.12

Huberty, J., Green, J., Glissmann, C., Larkey, L., Puzia, M., & Lee, C. (2019). Efficacy of the mindfulness meditation mobile app “calm” to reduce stress among college students: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(6), e14273. https://doi.org/10.2196/14273

Monroe, C., Loresto, F., Horton-Deutsch, S., Kleiner, C., Eron, K., Varney, R., & Grimm, S. (2021). The value of intentional self-care practices: the effects of mindfulness on improving job satisfaction, teamwork, and workplace environments. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(2), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apnu.2020.10.003

Schlak, A. E., Aiken, L. H., Chittams, J., Poghosyan, L., & McHugh, M. (2021). Leveraging the work environment to minimize the negative impact of nurse burnout on patient outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph