Liberty GOVT 220 Test 2 Answers
Set 1
Under the current standard, the Supreme Court insists that obscenity convictions be based on contemporary __________ standards.
The phrase “cruel and unusual punishment” is found in the Eighth Amendment.
Which Supreme Court justice famously stated that he could not define obscenity with exceptional rigor, but insisted that he knew it when he saw it?
The “wall of separation” between church and state is stated explicitly in the Bill of Rights.
In 2004 the Supreme Court decided that enemy combatants
Most nations deal with the problem of illegally obtained evidence by
In the 1950s, the State of New York banned a film that dealt with the topic of
Throughout history, American courts generally have broadened the area of free expression.
Which classic case involved prayer in public schools?
A voucher system that allows students to choose to attend religious schools is constitutional.
The ban on unreasonable searches and seizures can be found in the
The fact that Americans go to court to sue one another indicates that
The free-exercise clause protects polygamy when its practice is part of a religious faith.
Under the USA Patriot Act, the government can tap telephones without a court order.
In 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment means one has a “right” to _________ for self-protection.
A search warrant must describe what is to be searched for and seized.
Military trials cannot be conducted in secret.
Girls can be banned from Little League baseball teams.
The Virginia Military Institute case was notable, in part, because it
In recent years the number of blacks holding elective offices has increased steadily.
The test that the Supreme Court has applied to laws making distinctions between the sexes is called
In which case did the Supreme Court rule states could not ban partial-birth abortions altogether?
Same sex marriages are legal in many European countries.
Which president ordered that all Japanese Americans be removed from their homes in California and placed them in relocation centers far from the coast?
A school system is not liable for the conduct of a teacher who seduces a student if the student never reports the actions.
States can set different ages at which men and women become legal adults.
The Supreme Court considers race a suspect classification.
If the Equal Rights Amendment had passed, women would register for the selective service.
Proposition 8 was voted for, overturned, and sent to federal court of appeals.
In the Virginia Military Institute case, the Court concluded that gender discrimination must be supported by
When the University of Michigan employed race in its decision-making process for admissions, the Supreme Court ruled that it could only be employed as a(n)
Some argue that “zones of privacy” can be inferred from “penumbras” in the
Quid pro quo sexual harassment occurs when the work environment becomes so hostile that a person cannot perform his or her job.
Judges who seek to discover the general principles underlying the Constitution and then amplify them on the basis of a moral or economic theory are described as
The judicial system is discussed primarily in Article __________ of the Constitution.
The period in Supreme Court history from 1936 to the present has been marked by a concern for
There are twelve U. S. District Courts.
Which of the following is true of a suit against a government?
Standing is a legal concept that refers to who is entitled to bring a case.
In a typical term the Supreme Court’s workload will involve as many as ________ cases.
A measure of the Court’s power is found in the extent to which it addresses
The Court was increasingly activist during the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren.
Party background has some effect on how judges rule.
One problem with the Supreme Court reviewing only one percent of appeals court cases is that
Who becomes a district judge is heavily influenced by the
The Court’s tremendous workload has led to an increase in the power of
Who wrote the opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison?
The number of blacks, women, and Hispanics in the federal judiciary has been increasing.
There are seven justices on the U.S. Supreme Court.
In recent years, public approval of the Supreme Court has
Other sets
Americans’ propensity for lawsuits indicates that “rights are in conflict.”
Which case addressed the issue of school vouchers?
A voucher system that allows students to choose to attend religious schools is constitutional.
The Bill of Rights was applied to the states effective on the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Once the Supreme Court overturned his conviction, Ernesto Miranda never served time for the crime of which he was originally charged.
All the following are addressed in the First Amendment except
The USA Patriot Act allows the government to tap Internet communications without a court order.
The Supreme Court’s first interpretation of the establishment clause did not occur until the
During the Second World War, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a trial where Nazi spies in civilian clothes were tried as “unlawful combatants.”
The draft laws
The reason that symbolic speech does not have the same protection as actual speech is that
The fact that Americans go to court to sue one another indicates that
An example of a good‐faith exception to the exclusionary rule would be if police
Most nations deal with the problem of illegally obtained evidence by
The courts have ruled that dogs can be used to detect drugs in schools.
The ban on unreasonable searches and seizures can be found in the
Libel is protected speech.
Which president ordered that all Japanese Americans be removed from their homes in California and placed them in relocation centers far from the coast?
The Court’s landmark decision in Rostker v. Goldberg focused on gender discrimination and
The Supreme Court has upheld mandatory 24‐hour waiting periods for those seeking an abortion.
The Court has allowed all the following restrictions related to abortion except
The right to privacy suffered a setback in 1986 when the Court ruled that the right of privacy did not include
State universities can take race into account in admitting students to colleges so long as no _________ is used.

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A school system is not liable for the conduct of a teacher who seduces a student if the student never reports the actions.
The Supreme Court considers race a suspect classification.
The Court’s current thinking regarding homosexuality and law is supported, in part, by the laws of other nations.
The Supreme Court struck down the decision of Congress to bar women from combat roles.
States can set different ages at which men and women become legal adults.
Girls can be banned from Little League baseball teams.
In recent years the number of blacks holding elective offices has increased steadily.
Which state notably legalized same‐sex marriages in the mid‐2000s, inspiring other states to do the same or to tighten their restrictions?
If the Equal Rights Amendment had passed, women would register for the selective service.
Laws that treat different groups of people differently are unconstitutional.
When a federal judge orders the reorganization of a state prison system in a case brought by a convict, the judge is issuing
One reason federal courts should follow precedent is that
Which Founding Father referred to the judicial branch as the “least dangerous”?
Who wrote the opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison?
The Supreme Court has ruled that sitting presidents cannot be sued until after they have left office.
A measure of the Court’s power is found in the extent to which it addresses
To illustrate the tension between activists and strict constructionists, the text discusses a case involving
After 1974, the rules pertaining to class‐action suits were loosened to allow more cases to be brought to court.

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The function of the solicitor general is to
The Court’s tremendous workload has led to an increase in the power of
Taxpayer X does not think that the federal Endangered Species Act is constitutional. What will he have to show before his case can be heard on its merits?
Congress has never changed the size of the Supreme Court.
Judges serving in a constitutional court
Presidents typically nominate members of their own party for positions in the federal judiciary.
Lawsuits are caused not by lawyers but by
In Marbury v. Madison the Court ruled that William Marbury had to be given the position for which he was appointed.
Six Supreme Court Justices have been appointed since 1991 (two each nominated by Presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama).
Today, a criminal defendant has the right to a lawyer when appearing in a police lineup or when being questioned by a psychiatrist.
The police can require a driver to take a breathalyzer test to determine intoxication.
In free expression, neutrality refers to which of the following?
The free‐exercise clause protects polygamy when its practice is part of a religious faith.
The Fourteenth Amendment provides for
The Supreme Court has upheld zoning ordinances that prohibited “adult” movie theaters near
In a 1947 decision, the Supreme Court allowed a New Jersey town to fund busing to a parochial school because
Corporations have all the same rights of expression as individuals.
In general, all of the rights in the Bill of Rights now apply to the states, except for the
All the following are addressed in the First Amendment except
Which case addressed the issue of school vouchers?
In many countries that have state‐supported churches, attendance
In the Des Moines “student‐black‐armband” case, the Supreme Court ruled that the wearing of the armbands was
An individual must believe in a Supreme Being to qualify for conscientious objector status.
Throughout history, American courts generally have broadened the area of free expression.
One reason the Nazi Party was allowed to parade through Skokie, Illinois, is that
In the United States, improperly gathered evidence is excluded from a trial even if it is relevant to determining guilt.
The Supreme Court considers race a suspect classification.
In recent years the number of blacks holding elective offices has increased steadily.
The Supreme Court struck down a state requirement that women contemplating abortion be given pamphlets about alternatives.
The Court’s current test for gender discrimination emphasizes all the following except
The 1964 Civil Rights Act did all the following except
Proposition 8 was voted for, overturned, and sent to federal court of appeals.
Laws can define statutory rape in such a way that only men can be punished for that offense.
The Supreme Court has held that the Constitution must be interpreted as being color‐
The Court’s landmark decision in Rostker v. Goldberg focused on gender discrimination and
Which case banned so‐called “freedom‐of‐choice” plans as devices for desegregating public schools?
Which case first asserted a “right to privacy” can be found in the Constitution?
Some argue that “zones of privacy” can be inferred from “penumbras” in the
Girls can be banned from Little League baseball teams.
Racial classification must be subject to strict scrutiny
The Court has allowed all the following restrictions related to abortion except
The attorney general was directed to bring a suit challenging the constitutionality of the poll tax in
An activist approach would decide a case based on the powers expressly granted in the Constitution.
What happens when the vote of the Supreme Court is a tie?
A diversity case involves
Increases in the number of blacks, Hispanics, and women serving on the federal court began in the __________ administration.
Which Founding Father referred to the judicial branch as the “least dangerous”?
The famous “switch in time” refers to a change in the political behavior of the
Courts are the “great equalizer” in the federal government because
Which of the following is usually short and unsigned?
The fastest‐growing portion of the federal courts’civil workload involves
One problem with the Supreme Court reviewing only one percent of appeals court cases is that
Robert Bork was appointed to Supreme Court justice in 1987.
In Marbury, the Court focused on a technical concern, namely, that its __________ jurisdiction could not be enlarged absent a constitutional amendment.
The Court was increasingly activist during the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren.
Presidents typically nominate members of their own party for positions in the federal judiciary.
In several European countries, judges are recruited by having them pass a test.
A concurring opinion agrees with the logic of the majority opinion but disagrees with its conclusion.
A judge can be both an activist and a conservative.
Miranda has been extended to mean that one has a right to a lawyer
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Texas v. Johnson focused on
Which Supreme Court justice famously stated that he could not de ne obscenity with exceptional rigor, but insisted that he knew it when he saw it?
The Supreme Court did not apply the Exclusionary Rule to the states until the
One reason for adopting the exclusionary rule was
In free expression, neutrality refers to which of the following?
An ex post facto law declares an act “illegal”
Lately the courts seem to be taking the position on the exclusionary rule of
Federal aid is not permitted for building construction on a church‐supported college campus.
In the Des Moines “student‐black‐armband” case, the Supreme Court ruled that the wearing of the armbands was
The phrase “cruel and unusual punishment” is found in the Eighth Amendment.
Today, a criminal defendant has the right to a lawyer when appearing in a police lineup or when being questioned by a psychiatrist.
In a 1947 decision, the Supreme Court allowed a New Jersey town to fund busing to a parochial school because
The right to a trial by jury can be found in the Bill of Rights.
In America, freedom of religion is absolute.
Once the Supreme Court overturned his conviction, Ernesto Miranda never served time for the crime of which he was originally charged.
The Fourteenth Amendment provides for
Early laws that limited opportunities for women sought to
If there is no past history of discrimination, mandatory hiring or promotional plans favoring blacks is not permissible.
The test that the Supreme Court has applied to laws making distinctions between the sexes is called
The landmark case Swann v. Charlotte‐Mecklenberg (1971) held that
Which state notably legalized same‐sex marriages in the mid‐2000s, inspiring other states to do the same or to tighten their restrictions?
The Supreme Court struck down a state requirement that women contemplating abortion be given pamphlets about alternatives.
The right to privacy su ered a setback in 1986 when the Court ruled that the right of privacy did not include
A school system is not liable for the conduct of a teacher who seduces a student if the student never reports the actions.
Congress has passed a series of civil‐rights laws that make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of __________ in public accommodations or in employing workers.
Privacy is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution.
It is clear that national public opinion is increasingly in favor of allowing gays and lesbians to marry.
For a law to violate people’s civil rights, it must
Laws can de ne statutory rape in such a way that only men can be punished for that o ense.
Racial classi cation must be subject to strict scrutiny
The Virginia Military Institute case ensured that gender discrimination cases will employ the reasonableness standard for years to come.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it more di cult to use literacy tests to bar blacks from voting.
Supreme Court opinions are never written by newly‐graduated law clerks.
In 2005, Congress required that class‐action suits involving people from two or more states must be heard in federal court if the claims exceed __________ million dollars.
Relatively few cases that are appealed are granted certiorari.
Most of the current justices on the Supreme Court had prior experience as
When a federal judge orders the reorganization of a state prison system in a case brought by a convict, the judge is issuing
When a citizen sues and wins a suit against a government o cial for withholding a bene t to which a citizen is entitled, such a suit is called a
An increase in cases is not solely responsible for the sweeping remedies imposed by courts. A second factor contributing to this trend is
Impeachment is a matter reserved for
Increases in the number of blacks, Hispanics, and women serving on the federal court began in the __________ administration.
The Supreme Court has ruled that sitting presidents cannot be sued until after they have left o ce.
Which Founding Father referred to the judicial branch as the “least dangerous”?
A diversity case involves
The most activist periods in Supreme Court history have coincided with times when the political system was relatively inactive.
The Supreme Court rejects about 95 percent of the applications for certiorari that it receives.
The Court’s tremendous workload has led to an increase in the power of
The statement, “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!” was made by
In conference, the __________ speaks rst when cases are debated.
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