HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
Grand Canyon University HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
After the introduction, move into the main part of the HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Topic 3 DQ 1
Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions.
Sample Answer for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
The confidence interval (CI) is the interval estimate in relation to the mean (Ambrose, 2018). The CI uses the mean to exclude outlying data points indicating a lesser clinical significance level based on their distance from the mean; a typical significance interval employed is 95%. Schreffler and Huecker explain that in a study carried out 100 times, the given outcome will result in 95 times, indicating a higher clinical significance in those data points (2022).
Although my specialty is cardiac nursing, I often care for patients who are either being admitted for a stroke, or they have a past medical history of a stroke. As you mentioned, time is tissue and every minute counts in these scenarios. Once brain tissue has been without oxygen for too long, there is no reversing that. My facility is stroke certified and we have an average door to CT table time of 10 minutes with our fastest time being 4 minutes. This is something we pride ourselves on since time is so important. According to the Centers for Disease Control, one in four stroke survivors have another stroke within five years (2022). This is why stroke rehabilitation is also of the utmost importance to begin as soon as possible, since some of the lasting effects can be minimized with the proper therapy.
The CI is the basis for rejecting or failing to reject a null hypothesis, so CI is crucial in health care (Ambrose, 2018). For example, I know providing patient education before a cardiac catheterization procedure eases a patient’s fear, based on previous qualitative research gathered by my director through post-procedure patient questionnaires. To hypothetically replicate her experiment, I could say that out of 100 participants, 95 expressed decreased anxiety when the nurse explained a left-heart catheterization procedure before they entered the procedure room. Three participants had previous left-heart caths and knew what to expect, so their anxiety decreased. Two participants had a history of anxiety, and no amount of preparation would prove adequate to reduce anxiety. The CI of 95% rejects the null hypothesis that states there is no correlation between patient education and decreased anxiety in cardiac catheterizations. 95% of the participants had reduced anxiety due to patient education implementation, and the remaining 5% of outliers had other variables that had less clinical significance in the particular topic. A new null hypothesis could be created and studied to include these remaining participants based on their associated factors.
References:
Ambrose, Jayme. (2018). Clinical Inquiry and Hypothesis Testing. Applied Statistics for Health Care, (Chapter 2). Retrieved July 6, 2022, from https://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/applied-statistics-for-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/3Schreffler, J., & Huecker, M. (2022, March 18).
Schreffler, J., & Huecker, M. (2022, March 18). Hypothesis Testing, P Values, Confidence Intervals, and Significance. NIH National Library of Medicine. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557421/
Sample Answer 2 for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make inferences or draw conclusions about a population based on sample data. It involves setting up two competing hypotheses, the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (Ha), and then using sample data to determine which hypothesis is supported by the evidence. The process generally follows these steps:
Step 1: State the Hypotheses
- Null Hypothesis (H0): This is the default or status quo hypothesis. It often states that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship in the population.
- Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): This is the hypothesis you want to test. It represents the opposite of the null hypothesis and suggests that there is an effect, a difference, or a relationship in the population.
Step 2: Collect and Analyze Data
- Collect a sample from the population and gather relevant data.
Step 3: Choose a Significance Level (α)
- The significance level, denoted by α, represents the probability of making a Type I error (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true). Commonly used values for α are 0.05 (5%) or 0.01 (1%), but the choice depends on the specific study and the desired level of confidence.
Step 4: Conduct a Statistical Test
- Choose an appropriate statistical test based on the research question, data type (e.g., categorical or continuous), and assumptions. Common tests include t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, regression analysis, etc.
- Calculate the test statistic, which measures the difference between the sample data and what is expected under the null hypothesis.
Step 5: Determine the P-value
- The p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as, or more extreme than, those observed in the sample if the null hypothesis is true. It quantifies the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis.
- If the p-value is less than or equal to the chosen significance level (α), you reject the null hypothesis. If it’s greater than α, you fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Step 6: Make a Decision
- If the p-value ≤ α, you reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis.
- If the p-value > α, you fail to reject the null hypothesis, meaning there isn’t enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.
Step 7: Draw Conclusions
- Based on your decision in Step 6, you draw conclusions about the population. If you reject the null hypothesis, you may conclude that there is an effect, difference, or relationship in the population. If you fail to reject the null hypothesis, you cannot make such a conclusion.
Example:
Let’s say you work in a pharmaceutical company, and you want to test whether a new drug reduces blood pressure. You set up your hypotheses as follows:
- Null Hypothesis (H0): The new drug has no effect on reducing blood pressure (μ = 0).
- Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): The new drug reduces blood pressure (μ < 0, where μ is the mean reduction).
You collect data from a sample of patients, conduct a t-test, and find that the test statistic results in a p-value of 0.03, and you choose a significance level (α) of 0.05.
Conclusion:
Since the p-value (0.03) is less than α (0.05), you reject the null hypothesis. You conclude that there is enough evidence to suggest that the new drug reduces blood pressure in the population.
Hypothesis testing allows researchers to make data-driven decisions and draw meaningful conclusions about the population based on sample data while controlling for the risk of making Type I errors.
References:
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
Rosner, B. (2015). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Cengage Learning.
Sample Answer 3 for HLT 362 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing
In research, hypothesis testing plays a crucial role. “The hypothesis is a prediction of what will happen between the two variables” (June Helbig & Jayme Ambrose, 2022). It helps in determining the validity of a hypothesis by conducting experiments and analyzing the results. For example, in clinical studies, a null hypothesis might state that a new drug has no difference in effect compared to a placebo. The hypothesis can only be rejected after obtaining statistically significant results, which would indicate the efficacy of the drug. In psychological research, one can test the null hypothesis that a new therapeutic technique has no impact on reducing anxiety levels when compared with traditional methods. “We reject the null hypothesis when the data provides strong enough evidence to conclude that it is likely incorrect” (Simkus, 2023). This often occurs when the p-value (probability of observing the data given the null hypothesis is true) is below a predetermined significance level” (Simkus, 2023). Understanding these principles is vital in practice because it ensures interventions are evidence-based, allowing for informed discussions with patients about treatment efficacy.
References:
Simkus, J. (2023). What is The Null Hypothesis & When Do You Reject The Null Hypothesis. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/null-hypothesis-examples-how-to-state-when-to-reject.html
June Helbig & Jayme Ambrose. (2022). Applied Statistics for Health Care. Grand Canyon University (Ed.). (2022). Applied statistics for health care (2nd ed.).
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Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
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Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
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Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
Include in-text citations in your response
Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
Follow APA-7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
Follow APA 7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
Here are some helpful links
The Writing Center is a great resource