DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Grand Canyon University DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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DNP 815 Topic 4 DQ 2
Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. Table 1: “Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making,” in the article “Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Applying the Institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness’ Model to Occupational and Environmental Health Practice Issues,” provides a model for guidance.
Sample Answer for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Nurses have a responsibility as advocates for patients’ rights; as a consequence, nurses confront ethical quandaries daily (Johnstone ,2021). As the healthcare system becomes more complex and demands for high-quality nursing care increase, nurses struggle to solve multi-faceted ethical challenges. Early nurse theorists positioned the principles and practice of nursing as having their origins in ‘universal human needs. Ethical issue addressed was on justice and the principle of non-maleficence among mental health patients in seclusion. Justice was one of the fundamental rights of mankind, patients with the mental disability still had their inherent rights to be treated equally, their integrity and dignity should also be respected.
Ethical decision-making is a vital aspect to working within the mental health professions. There are benefits in the use of an EDM model to work through ethical dilemmas in mental health professions (Johnson, et al 2022). Ethical decision-making (EDM) models are designed to guide professionals in a systematic and standardized manner to provide a framework for helping someone determine an acceptable and defensible outcome when confronted with an ethical dilemma. According to Johnson 2021, the decisions in ethical dilemmas can be resolved by (a) evaluate whether training on the use of EDM models improves decision quality, (b) compare the acceptability of EDM models as rated by participants, and (c) demonstrate that EDM model use, training practices, or similar decision-making strategies, are associated with feelings of preparedness or improved decision-making.
The use of ethical decision-making models has its setbacks s, such as social influences, culture, ethical mindset, and biases in decision-making, but understanding these limitations also allows practitioners to consider supplementing existing models with steps that take into account checks for biases. The principle of deriving nursing care from human needs was thought to provide a guide not only for promoting health, but for preventing disease and illness. The nursing profession has had a longstanding commitment to social justice as a core professional value and ideal, obligating nurses to address the social conditions that undermine people’s health (Lee, et al 2020).
References
Johnstone M. J. (2011). Nursing and justice as a basic human need. Nursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals, 12(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00459.x
Johsons, M.K., Weeks, S.N., Peacock, G.g., Rodriquez, M.M. (2022). Ethical decision-making models: a taxonomy of models and review of issues, Ethics & Behavior, 32:3, 195-209, DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1913593
Also check Out: DQ 1: Share an example describing the application of learning theory in relation to your DNP Project
Lee, W., Choi, S., Kim, S., & Min, A. (2020). A Case-Centered Approach to Nursing Ethics Education: A Qualitative Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 7748. https://doi.org/10.3
Sample Answer 2 for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
CAT-Please respond
We are halfway through the class, what is the most important thing you have learned so far?
The most important thing I learned in this course is how to think deeper about our actions as nurses and nursing leaders. It has been enlightening to know that there is a theory to defend and explain the more complex thoughts of nursing. One of my favorite parts of nursing and teaching nursing is understanding the whys behind each action. If we understand the whys, we better understand our actions and their impact. The theories we have learned throughout this course help to provide the whys necessary to understand to be stronger nurses and leaders, both of which promote and benefit client safety and care, which is our primary concern as nurses.
Sample Answer 3 for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Honestly, the one thing I have learned is not to give up. I am still struggling to figure out what my project will be, and I have had a couple of moments where I just wanted to walk away. But I didn’t, and I haven’t, and I’m glad. But this has been a challenging course, and the uncertainty of my project has been overwhelming. But I will figure it out.
To be truthfull I don’t feel like I am learning much but I know I am learning if this statement make any sense. I have learn the difference between theory and evidence base. Nursing theory-guided practice helps improve the quality of nursing care because it allows nurses to articulate what they do for patients and why it;s done in practice, on the other hand, refers to the actual work that is performed by nurses. The relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice can be described as working in two ways. First, theory is often based on observations that are taken from practice. Second, decisions made in practice are often determined by drawing on nursing practice.
Reference
Younas, A., & Quennell, S. (2019). Usefulness of nursing theory-guided practice: an integrative review. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 33(3), 540–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12670
Sample Answer 4 for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Nine Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making
- Determine the moral issue.- the moral issue discussed in the previous discussion about is the moral outage or frustration directed towards others who refused to be vaccinated with the Covid vaccine, which can probably limit their capacity for empathy affecting patient care.
- Determine the actor- Nurses providing patient care
- Get the facts.- The right to refuse a vaccine may be considered an exercise of individual liberty or resistance against mandates of the government.
- Determine if the moral issue is right versus wrong- Attitude towards possible disparate levels of care to unvaccinated patients may be guided to the nursing-related policies and codes, such as the statement outlined in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Social Policy Statement wherein obligation of the nursing profession is not only to optimize, promote and protect the health, to alleviate suffering, to prevent illness and injury but also to advocate for individuals, communities and patient population (Milken & Uveges, 2022).
- Test for right versus right by assigning one of the four dilemma paradigms. The dilemma paradigm of justice vs. mercy indicates fairness, equality, understanding, and compassion. As nurses, we are expected to use theory and evidence-based knowledge to carry out nursing interventions with the goal of promoting quality outcomes (Milken & Uveges, 2022).
- Apply resolution principles: Rules-based, known as duty or obligation, dictates the behavior without consequences, whereas care-based principles guide the nurse to determine the most compassionate course. Delivery of care, as outlined in the ANA Social Policy Statement relies on nurses who are guided by an established professional code of ethics that defines what beneficial or good care looks like (Milken & Uveges, 2022). The first provision of the ANA Code of Ethics calls on nurses to practice with respect and compassion to all individuals, whether vaccinated or not.
- Identify if a trilemma or third option exists- Provisions call on the nurses to take the lead on issues of public health and to collaborate with other healthcare clinicians by adapting the nature of social determinants.
- Make the decision- Nursing codes of ethics and other related policy statements will serve as a helpful reminder of our professional obligations.
- Reflect on the decision- Consider productive and proactive ways to address vaccine refusal.
The decision tree derived from the article of Bruchem-Vissera, R. (2020) is based on the methodology described in AACN nursing theory elements like asking, assessing, affirming, and acting. The first step involved designing a decision tree fit to all situations and then moving to secure the probabilities and utility of the outcome against the selected situation. The third step involved the affirmation of the particular decision following the calculation of cumulative probabilities ( Bruchem-Visser et al., 2020). The final step according to AACN’s theory is to
take action that can be analysis of the information as per the situation stated in DQ1. Following is a decision tree representing the decision taken by the nurse in response to the application of ethical theory in practice:
According to the selected article for analysis against the ethical theory, the checkpoints
that need to be considered in ethical decision making can be enlisted as follows:
Checkpoint Description
Identification of problem or dilemma:
The first step of the decision tree involves the identification of issues and need special attention. the nurse moves to examine the moral dilemma related to that issue and tries to identify the manners and social agreements while taking things into monarchy or conflicting standards which are not moral and economical and technologically aesthetic ( Bruchem-Visser et al., 2020).
Application of Global Ethics:
The nurse manager will evaluate the decision based on institutional global ethics standards like credibility, transparency, and accountability. However, taking an assessment of the decisions the nurse needs to keep a high level of patience, coordination, and determination.
Ethical Fitness :
The next checkpoint in the decision tree is to observe the ethical fitness of the decision. This feature is comprised of social circumstances like the patient has certain perceptions regarding the release of information about his disease ( Bruchem-Visser et al., 2020). These perceptions reveal the quality of the information provided to nurses and the medical care provided to them.
Model to Healthcare Practice Issue:
The feasibility of the healthcare practice model is another point in the decision tree. It helps nurses to remove the dilemma of situations and to better entertain the stakeholders. For the resolution of dilemmas, the nurses are supposed to use ethical models for the selection of appropriate practices. The nurse can adopt a model based on the concept of autonomy providing the basic rights of healthcare decisions to every patient ( Bruchem-Visser et al.,2020).
References
Bruchem-Visser, Z., Dijk, G., Beaufort,I. and Mattace-Raso,F. (2020). Ethical frameworks for
complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review. Archives of
Gerontology and Geriatrics, 104-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104160.
Morrell, J., Konda, S.and Grant-Kels, M. . (2019 ). Response to a letter to the editor regarding
"The ethical issue of cherry-picking patients. J Am Acad Dermatol, e127.
Sample Answer 5 for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
Dilemma is the name used to describe some of the most challenging cases and ethical issues. Research shows that ethical dilemmas arise from fundamental conflicts among ethical beliefs, duties, principles, and theories. When making tough ethical decisions, individuals tend to rely simply on intuition. Individuals quickly make a value judgment or conclude without thoroughly analyzing the situation or the potential outcomes of one’s decision. However, by adopting a particular ethical lens, individuals can better plan based on sound reasoning. In the article “Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Applying the Institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness’ Model to Occupational and Environmental Health Practice Issues,” Edgar P. H. (2002) lists the following four issues that are critical to an ethical dilemma: 1. Technological advancements have rapidly increased the need for careful ethical choices to preserve life and the environment of the global community. 2. No formula exists to resolve ethical dilemmas, but an ethical decision-making model can help maintain a state of ethical fitness. 3. The Ethical Fitness model assumes that specific core values are universal. Maintaining ethical fitness is essential to resolving ethical dilemmas. 4. The process of resolving ethical dilemmas involves analyzing the dilemma using nine checkpoints, four dilemma paradigms, and three resolution principles.
The ethicist Rushworth Kidder developed nine ethical checkpoints that can be used to make a moral decision in each circumstance. Kidder defines ethical Dilemmas as “right vs. right” and “at the heart of our toughest choices (Kidder, R. M. 1996). They are genuine dilemmas because each side is firmly rooted in our core values. When people encounter these tough choices, it is rarely because they face a moral temptation, that is, a choice between right and wrong. The nine chronological and logical checkpoints guide decision makers towards an ethical decision with simplicity to help the decision maker achieve a grounded solution (Gregory, 2010). Kidder lays out the following nine checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making: 1. Recognize there is a moral issue; 2. Determine the actor (who does the problem belong?); 3. Gather the relevant facts; 4. Test for right vs. wrong issues; 5.
Test for right vs. suitable paradigms; 6. Apply the resolution principles; 7. Investigate the “trilemma” option; 8. Make the decision; 9. Revisit and reflect on the decision( Kidder, R. M. (1996. The paradigms describe ethical problems as an “either/or” either Truth or Loyalty, either Justice or Mercy. As stated in step 7, there is frequently a third option. Kidder calls this the “trilemma” option. In this third option, he supports both sides in a “right vs. right” argument. He asks, can I create a “Win-Win” in this situation? “Win-Win” is the best obvious choice, and step 7 is especially important to the process. Step 8 is also crucial and is the most frequently overlooked step in the process. People tend to process the problem but never decide or act. It is essential to conclude, settle, work, revisit, and reflect.
Clinical practice can give rise to situations where conflicting interests pose nurses with complex ethical dilemmas). Ethically sensitive problems and issues are not new in today’s health care practice, increasing in frequency and complexity. For practitioners to face these challenges, they must not only understand their values and beliefs but understand the tools available to resolve these ethical dilemmas when they arise. Ethical theories, principles, and decision-making models can assist the practitioner in obtaining a resolution.
Edgar P. H. (2002). Resolving ethical dilemmas. Applying the institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness model to occupational and environmental health practice issues. AAOHN journal: official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 50(1), 40–47., Retrieve July 31st, 2022.
Gregory, R. (2010). Moral and ethical leadership in administrator preparation. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 5(3), 1-6, Retrieved July 31st, 2022.
Kidder, R. M. (1996). How good people make tough choices: Resolving the dilemmas of ethical living (1st Fireside ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster., Retrieve July 31st, 2022.
Sample Answer 6 for DQ 2: Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
In my previous discussion, I discussed the ethical dilemma surrounding the decision to change the law regarding a women’s right to choose. The challenge of states having individual laws surrounding reproductive rights is providing full disclosure when providing counseling to those that are susceptible to hereditary disorders. Many controversies surrounding prenatal diagnosis remains, especially when the diagnosis leads to a decision to terminate the pregnancy. Ethical issues are often viewed through a different lens unique to each person. However, the importance of following a structure when making ethical decisions is necessary. Principles to remember are respecting autonomy through safeguarding a person’s right to control medical treatment free from coercion, beneficence, do no harm, and justice. ensuring persons are treated equally and fair. (Nussbaum, et al., 2016). The nurse must be steadfast in her responsibility to provide unbiased care to patients. As healthcare professionals separate personal values to provide patients with the ability to practice autonomy when faced with issues such as technologies, in vitro fertilization, or prenatal sex determination by ultrasonography and abortion, to balance the sexes of the children in their family or avoid having children for social and economic reasons prevalent in their societies. (Nussbaum, et al., 2016).
Vaugh suggests that moral theory is prescriptive and explanatory. He separated moral theories into those that focus on right action and those that focus on good or bad character. Criteria for determining what is right and good consist of three criteria: consistency with our considered moral judgments, consistency with the facts of the moral life, and resourcefulness in moral problem-solving. (Vaughn, 2010) (Butts & Rich, 2018).
1. Determine the moral issue: the moral issue would be providing informed consent/full disclosure when providing counseling to couples undergoing genetic counseling.
2. Determine the actor, in a scenario with prenatal counseling, the actor is the health care professional
3. Get the facts. Providing factual information to patients regarding options available to parents in the event of an abnormality, or termination of pregnancy is only one and should be discussed. Through counseling and providing information to the parents they should understand that in undertaking prenatal diagnosis, they are not under obligation to terminate a pregnancy in the event that an abnormality is detected.
4. Determine if the moral issue is right versus wrong, personally it is not for the actor to assume right or wrong, the responsibility is providing informed consent and holistic counseling. Using justice versus mercy. Allowing the patients autonomy in fairness, and equality in conflict with empathy, understanding, and compassion.
5. Test for right versus right by assigning one of the four dilemma paradigms. The actor/nurse being faced with providing counseling when working with sensitive matters use of the professional standards test can be used. Answering the question, does the choice or action violate any part of the Professional Code of Ethics? Nurses should be aware of state rules and regulations and the Code of Ethics. (Edgar & Wachs, 2004)
Table 1 Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making (Edgar & Wachs, 2004).
Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (Eds.). (2018). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett. ISBN-13: 9781284112245
Edgar, P. H., & Wachs, J. (2004). Resolving ethical dilemmas: Applying the Institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness Model to occupational and environmental health practice issues. AAOHN Journal, 50(1), 40-46.
Nussbaum, R., McInnes, R. R., Willard, Huntington, F. (2016).Thompson & Thompson genetics in medicine, (8th ed.). ISBN: 978-1-4377-0696-3. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780323392068/epub/OPS/xhtml/copyright.html#page_2