NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Families have unique health needs that nurses should prioritize in providing their needed care. Nurses utilize models of health promotion and evidence-based interventions to optimize family health outcomes. Practice interventions such as inter-professional collaboration and incorporation of technology into the care process contribute to outcomes, including efficiency, quality, and safety in addressing family needs. Social determinants of health also influence the interventions by nurses in their roles when working with families. Therefore, this essay examines the social determinants of health for the interviewed family, age-appropriate screenings for family members, health model, and its application in promoting family-centered health promotion.
Social determinants of health affect the interviewed family. Social determinants of health have been defined as factors within environments where individuals are born, live, grow, work, and age. They affect the overall health, quality of life, functioning, and risks predisposed to individuals in their societies. The social determinants of health that affect the interviewed family include economic stability, access to quality healthcare, neighborhood, and built environment, and community and social context. The family’s economic stability is a critical determinant of its health. It influences the family’s ability to afford its needed care and healthy foods (Palmer et al., 2019). The parents in the interviewed family are employed. However, they find it hard to access their needed care due to the cost and geographical location of specialized services.
Access to quality healthcare is another family’s social determinant of health. Quality healthcare services are important in promoting optimum health and recovery of the family members. However, the interviewed family experiences challenges in accessing its needed quality care. The family finds it difficult in accessing quality care for the grandfather due to challenges associated with cost and distant location of specialized services. The other social determinant of health is neighborhood and built environment. Environmental hygiene and well-planned built spaces contribute to the family’s health. They increase access to exercise spaces for the children and healthy diets for the family. The family lives in a moderately healthy environment, which minimizes its predisposition to environmental health hazards and risks. Community and social contexts also act as the family’s social determinants of health. Community resources such as social support systems contribute to the family’s health(Islam, 2019). The interviewed family has adequate support from the community members. As a result, it contributes to its coping with adversities and complex health needs.
Age-Appropriate Screenings
Screening is important for the early identification and management of health problems that include diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and changes in sensory functions among others. Each of the family members has age-appropriate screening that they should utilize for their health. The recommended screenings for the parents include blood pressure, breast, prostate, and colon cancer, eye tests, weight, cholesterol check, skin, and hearing tests. The screenings facilitate early detection of health problems such as hypertension, skin cancer, vision, hearing, and cancers. The age-appropriate screenings for the grandfather include mental status examination, bone density studies, height and weight, and shingles and pneumococcal vaccinations. The screenings facilitate early detection and management of health problems, including osteoporosis, mental health problems, and vulnerability to communicable diseases. The recommended screenings for the children include weight, height, eye, skin, breast, blood pressure(McKinnon, 2021).
Health Model
The health belief model can be used in creating a plan of action for the interviewed family. The model can be used to facilitate nurses’ understanding of the factors contributing to the health and influencing behavioral change in the family. The model asserts that individuals change their behaviors based on the perceived threats associated with a health problem. Additional factors such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, cue to action, and self-efficacy influence a family’s decision to change its behaviors. The health belief model is applicable for the family, as it provides it with accurate information about steps of implementing change(Saghafi-Asl et al., 2020). It also empowers the family members to adopt sustainable interventions for behavioral change.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The health belief model can be used to develop family-centered health promotion. One of the steps to achieve the outcome is performing a needs assessment to identify the health needs of the family. The second step is family health education. Health education empowers the family about effective strategies they can use to achieve their desired health outcomes. The third step entails guiding the family in implementing behavioral change interventions. The aim is to ensure consistency in the use of the interventions by the family members. The fourth step is data collection to determine the impact of behavioral change interventions(Grove & Gray, 2018). Evaluation is the last step where family assessment is done to determine its level of behavioral change.
Conclusion
Social determinants of health affect significantly the health of the family. Nurses have crucial roles in addressing them for the family’s optimum health. The health belief model appliesto promote behavioral change in the interviewed family. It can be used to promote sustainable behavioral change, which minimizes adverse health outcomes. Therefore, its use is anticipated to promote the health of the interviewed family.
References
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018).Understanding Nursing Research E-Book: Building an Evidence-Based Practice.Elsevier Health Sciences.
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications.Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
McKinnon, M. (2021).Health Promotion: A Practical Guide to Effective Communication.Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019).Social Determinants of Health: Future Directions for Health Disparities Research.American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S70–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.304964
Saghafi-Asl, M., Aliasgharzadeh, S., &Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. (2020).Factors influencing weight management behavior among college students: An application of the Health Belief Model.PLOS ONE, 15(2), e0228058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228058
Sample Answer 2 for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Family health assessment connotes various actions that take consideration of a specific family as a client. Family assessment examines that capability of a family to address, prevent, and manage issues for realizing wellness and health members of a family for measurement. Moreover, the assessment monitors areas where family members should work on to improve the health status the whole family (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele & Robinson, 2018). Mostly, the family members are examined by functional health patterns, which enable a set of functions that must be evaluated. The social determinants of health (SDOH) refers to intricate circumstances that have the potential to impact the health of an individual and they include various factors such as socioeconomic, political, education, and accessibility of health care (Singh et al., 2017). This paper seeks to delve in a plan of actions that can be integrated in the health promotion techniques for the family of Mr. L.K.
Description of the SDOH that Affect the Family Health Status
The SDOH that affect Mr. L.K’s family may include economic, social, and personal factors. The economic factors include financial factors. Although Mr. L.K works at the local bank and also a business, his wife, K.O is house wife and also runs a family business. Also, with his parents being retirees, the family still faces economic challenges of high dependency rates and financial challenges in seeking health care. However, the family has a strong social support that helps the family members to make decisions that can promote the entire wellbeing of the family. The family also has a strong Islamic religious believes and values and effectively exercises religious practices, which has assisted them in realizing the wellbeing of the family. The family is adversely affected by challenges such as limited education by most members of the extended family, making them to depend on the members who are employed. The increased dependency creates a burden and impedes the implementation of development projects that Mr. L.K and his family intended to implement. The grandparents also have a skewed perception of traditional medicine to manage some health care challenges. This perception proved a challenge to realize positive health outcomes. Regarding the living environment, the family has a clean, organized environment, with good supply of clean water and sufficient energy generation, with suitable mechanisms of waste disposal. Overall, the SDOH that affects the family most is limited education by many family members, which creates high rates of dependency in the family.
Recommendation of Age-Appropriate Screenings for each Family Member
The screenings for each family member is approached by using a technique of assess the five fundamental social needs related to health such as food, housing, transportation, utilities and personal safety. For both children, aged 12 and 9 years, the screening will be based on the personal safety and educational facilities. In this case, it is imperative to ask relevant questions and also willingness to seek help of a family member is crucial where necessary to help in mitigating situations when the children may feel insecure to engage in screening in absence of family members. Moreover, the 12 year old child who is approaching adolescence may be hesitant to answer personal questions. Therefore, it is important to provide comfort in such situations. On the other hand, the parents may be screened in relation to diet, housing, occupation, and spiritual beliefs. The grandparents on their side can be screened regarding their association with the community, depression, and spiritual beliefs.
The Health Model to Assist in Creating a Plan of Action
The identified model is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model. This model mulls over the vibrancy of the interactions of personal and family factors. The model is based on the idea that biological and psychological makeups of a person are majorly anchored on history of genetics and individual development. However, the social and physical environment also influences the developmental outcomes of a child. The model acknowledges that a person is part of many environments such as the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem (Tudge et al., 2016). This model is ideal for Mr. L.K’s family because it is crucial in the psychological and social development of the two children and the rest of the adult members can also conform to the pattern in the model. The impact of the microsystem in the model differs for children and adults. The microsystem for adults may comprise religious beliefs, workplace, and neighborhood, while for children, it may comprise of peers and school.
Outline of the Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The health of this family can be promoted by encouraging the family to continue with the physical activities such as jogging together to help in enhancing the quality of life and reduction of stress. The other strategy is to increase strong community and family interaction by continuing to maintain strong family ties and the strong positive energy to help in stress reduction. This can also be enhanced by increasing the frequency of shared family vacations to help in keeping the family close to each other. On the other hand, the communication strategies include encouraging open communication between family members and health care providers. Providers should also consider implementing cultural competence communication with the family.
Conclusion
This assignment stressed on the essence of a family health assessment and the possible ways of applying the assessment into a family setup. Consideration of how SDOH affect the family health status during assessment has been determined. Moreover, different appropriate screenings methods has been shown to apply for different ages. The paper has also established how Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model can be applied for this family. Finally, the paper recommended appropriate strategies to promote health of the family and increase communication.
References
Kaakinen, J. R., Coehlo, D. P., Steele, R., & Robinson, M. (2018). Family health care nursing: Theory, practice, and research. FA Davis.
Singh, G. K., Daus, G. P., Allender, M., Ramey, C. T., Martin, E. K., Perry, C., … & Vedamuthu, I. P. (2017). Social determinants of health in the United States: addressing major health inequality trends for the nation, 1935-2016. International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 6(2), 139.
Tudge, J. R., Payir, A., Merçon‐Vargas, E., Cao, H., Liang, Y., Li, J., & O’Brien, L. (2016). Still misused after all these years? A reevaluation of the uses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 8(4), 427-445.
Refer back to the interview and evaluation you conducted in the Topic 2 Family Health Assessment assignment. Identify the social determinates of health (SDOH) contributing to the family’s health status. In a 750-1,000 word paper, create a plan of action to incorporate health promotion strategies for this family. Include the following:
Describe the SDOH that affect the family health status. What is the impact of these SDOH on the family? Discuss why these factors are prevalent for this family.
Based on the information gathered through the family health assessment, recommend age-appropriate screenings for each family member. Provide support and rationale for your suggestions.
Choose a health model to assist in creating a plan of action. Describe the model selected. Discuss the reasons why this health model is the best choice for this family. Provide rationale for your reasoning.
Using the model, outline the steps for a family-centered health promotion. Include strategies for communication.
Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published
within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.
Sample Answer 3 for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Social determinants of health are factors within one’s family and community that affect their access to healthcare services. Arthur’s family was interviewed in the previous project. The assessment showed the existence of significant health-related needs for the family. Nurses and other healthcare providers should collaborate with the family in developing healthcare plans to transform their lifestyles and behaviors. Therefore, this paper examines the social determinants of health affecting Arthur’s family, age-appropriate screenings for the family members, and appropriate health model that can be used to develop a plan of care for the family.
Social Determinants of Health Affecting the Family
As noted above, social determinants of health are factors within one’s environment that influence their access to healthcare services. The factors include those in places where one was born, work, grew, aged, and died. The interview with Arthur’s family showed the existence of several social determinants of health affecting them. One of them is the lack of awareness about their health needs. Education is an important aspect in health that increase population’s awareness about health risks and how to avoid them. However, Arthur’s family is not aware of the health risks associated with sedentary lifestyles. The family members rarely engage in active physical activity despite being obese and Arthur suffering from hypertension (CDC, 2022). Arthur and his son consume high amount of high calorie foods, which increases their risk of health complications such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Therefore, their lack of awareness about the health risks of their lifestyles and behaviors is a crucial determinant of the family’s health.
The other social determinant of health seen in Arthur’s family is the affordability of healthcare services. Despite Arthur and his son suffering from hypertension and obesity respectively, they rarely visit the hospital for assessment and treatment. The family noted experiencing financial hardships, which makes it difficult for them to access and utilize the healthcare services that they need. The American healthcare system is among the most expensive in the world (Palmer et al., 2019). As a result, families from low socioeconomic backgrounds often experience challenges in affording the healthcare services they need for their health and wellbeing.
The other social determinant of health evidence from the family assessment is social and community contexts. Arthur’s family demonstrated the lack of adequate family support system during the assessment. This could be seen from the family members failing to provide their daughter her desired social support when she experienced a relationship failure. The family also does not discuss about issues related to sexuality and relationship due to the influence of their religious beliefs (Palmer et al., 2019). The wider social and community system also does not support healthy habits for its members. This can be seen from the easy access to fast foods for the family members and the lack of community systems to increase the population’s awareness about the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors (CDC, 2022). Therefore, Arthur’s family social and community contexts act as their social determinants of health.
ALSO READ: NRS 429 Topic 4 Health Promotion In Minority Populations Assignment
Age-Appropriate Screenings
Arthur’s family members should utilize different age-appropriate screenings for their health promotion. The age-appropriate screenings for John Arthur include eye examinations, hearing tests, blood pressure screening, skin, dental, and testicular examinations. Age-appropriate screenings for Cate Arthur includes skin, dental, blood pressure, hearing, and eye examinations. The age-appropriate screenings for Chris Arthur includes eye, blood pressure, hearing, dental, and skin examinations. Mr. Arthur’s age-appropriate screenings include blood pressure, testicular, blood glucose, cholesterol, colonoscopy, and prostate screening tests. The age-appropriate screenings for Mrs. Arthur include ovarian cancer screening, mammography, bone density, cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, pelvic, and cervical cancer screenings (Fragala et al., 2019). These screenings are important for early detection and prevention of potential health problems that may affect the family members.
Health Model for the Family
A health model that can be adopted to assist in creating a plan of action for the Arthur’s family is the transtheoretical model. Transtheoretical model is a theory of change used to facilitate behavioral change among the target populations. It promotes long-term behavioral change through multiple adaptions and actions over time. The model postulates that people are in different stages of readiness to embrace healthy lifestyles and behaviors (Castrucci & Auerbach, 2019). As a result, the nurse should create awareness about the change and provide enabling factors for the process. The transtheoretical model asserts that change occurs in steps that include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. This model is appropriate for the family since it will promote sustained lifestyle and behavioral change among the family members (Pennington, 2021). Since change occurs in steps, it would be possible to implement strategies that will prevent family members from relapsing to their unhealthy habits.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The transtheoretical model provides several steps that must occur for the delivery of family-centered health promotion. The nurse should create awareness among the family members for the change in the precontemplation stage (Pennington, 2021). The family members should be made to understand the health risks associated with their behaviors and the need for a change. The nurse should facilitate them to develop interest in changing their behaviors in the contemplation stage. She should also help them to explore strategies that they need for their optimum health and wellbeing in the preparation stage (Liu et al., 2018). The nurse should then guide them in implementing new, healthy lifestyles and behaviors in the action phase. The focus is on ensuring incremental adoption of healthy lifestyles and behaviors and assisting the family members not to relapse to their unhealthy behaviors. The last stage in creating sustainable change is maintenance where family members have stabilized the desired healthy behaviors (Prochaska, 2020). Therefore, the transtheoretical model of change provides an effective approach to assisting the family achieve their desired health promotion goals.
Conclusion
Overall, Arthur’s family experiences significant social determinants of health that affect their healthcare access and health-related outcomes. The nurse should work with the family in identifying the effective ways to promote the optimum health of the family members. The transtheoretical model of change can be applied in assisting the family to achieve its health promotion goals. The model provides steps for achieve sustained behavioral change in the family.
References
Castrucci, B., & Auerbach, J. (2019). Meeting individual social needs falls short of addressing social determinants of health. Health Affairs Blog, 10(10.1377).
CDC. (2022, May 9). Social Determinants of Health | NCHHSTP | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/index.html
Fragala, M. S., Shiffman, D., & Birse, C. E. (2019). Population health screenings for the prevention of chronic disease progression. Am. J. Manag. Care, 25, 548–553.
Liu, K. T., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., Kim, Y., & Kuan, G. (2018). Application of transtheoretical model on behavioral changes, and amount of physical activity among university’s students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2402.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019). Social Determinants of Health: Future Directions for Health Disparities Research. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S70–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.304964
Pennington, C. G. (2021). Applying the transtheoretical model of behavioral change to establish physical activity habits. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 2(1).
Prochaska, J. O. (2020). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2266–2270.
Sample Answer 4 for NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
In part I of the assessment, I interviewed Family N, a nuclear, African American family comprising six members. The age of the family members includes Mr. N, 58; Mrs. N, 55; firstborn (female), 30 years; second-born (male), 26 years; third-born (male), 23 years; and fourth-born (female), 15 years. During the interview, strengths were noted in the functional health patterns of Nutrition and Activity/Exercise, but problems were identified in Values/Health Perception, Sleep/Rest, and Role-Relationship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the SDOH affecting family N and create a plan of action to incorporate health promotion measures for the family.
SDOH Affecting Family and Family Health Status
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the non-medical factors that positively or negatively affect individuals’ health outcomes. All the family members have at least completed their high school education. Their literacy levels have enabled them to understand measures to maintain good health (Hahn, 2021). For instance, Mrs. N observes healthy dietary habits since she understands the health risks of unhealthy diets like high-fat and salty foods. The family’s annual household income is adequate to provide them with decent housing, healthy foods, and access to healthcare, which have significantly led to better health outcomes.
Additionally, employment has positively affected the family and its health status. The family has access to private health insurance provided by Mr. N’s employer, which enables them to access health services that they would be limited from accessing without insurance. Furthermore, the family lives in a rural neighborhood, enabling them to grow vegetables and fruits and source food from the farm (Islam, 2019). This has contributed to positive health outcomes since they can access healthy foods. The security in the neighborhood also enables them to walk to work, which promotes their physical health.
Age-Appropriate Screening Recommendations
Mr. N will be recommended to undergo screenings for hypertension, lung and colorectal cancer. The USPSTF recommends hypertension screening for adults 18 years and above. It also recommends yearly screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in persons 50 to 80 years with a 20-pack-year smoking history and those currently smoking (USPSTF, n.d.). In addition, the USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer screening for adults 50 to 75 years. Screening recommendations for Mrs. N will include breast cancer, hypertension, colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer. The USPSTF recommends biennial mammography screening in females 50 to 74 years, and she is thus a candidate (USPSTF, n.d.). Furthermore, cervical cancer will be indicated because the USPSTF recommends cervical cancer screening every three years using cervical cytology alone or every five years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test alone.
The firstborn daughter will be recommended screenings for hypertension and cervical cancer using cervical cytology or hrHPV test. Recommended screening for the 26 and 23-year-old sons includes hypertension and HIV. The USPSTF recommends HIV infection screening in adolescents and adults 15 to 65 years (USPSTF, n.d.). Screening for major depression will be recommended for the 15-year-old.
Assessment of the Health Model
The Health Belief Model (HBM) can be used to create a plan of action in health promotion for family N. HBM was developed to explain why individuals engage or fail to engage in preventive health measures. The model asserts that an individual’s belief in a diagnosed illness and their perception of a treatment’s effectiveness predicts their chances of behavior change (Zhao et al., 2022). HBM variables include perceived severity, susceptibility, barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action. HBM can be used to identify if the family perceives a threat of developing a chronic illness to be serious. HBM will also identify if they feel they are susceptible to diseases, have the confidence to adopt the recommended preventive measures, and if they perceive that there are more benefits than barriers to adopting the preventive measures.
Application of Health Model
Applying the HBM will be guided by the variables: susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. In perceived susceptibility, the family members will be assessed on their perception of being at risk of developing chronic illnesses and measured using the five-point Likert scale (Shitu et al., 2022). Perceived severity will include assessing the family’s perception of the seriousness of chronic illnesses. The family will then be asked about their perception of the benefits of adopting healthy lifestyles to assess perceived benefits. Perceived barriers will be assessed by asking about the family’s perception of the factors limiting them from adopting disease-preventive measures (Shitu et al., 2022). Self-efficacy will be measured by assessing the family’s confidence in adopting the recommended preventive interventions. The interviewer will establish a rapport with the family at the beginning of the interview and use respectful language to maintain effective communication.
Conclusion
Various SDOHs have influenced family N’s health, including the education level, income, employment, and neighborhood. The SDOH have positively impacted the family’s health as they understand the impact of lifestyle practices and have access to insurance, healthy foods, and healthcare services. The recommended screenings for the members include hypertension, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, HIV, and depression. HBM since it will help understand why the family members have adopted or failed to adopt certain preventive measures.
References
Hahn, R. A. (2021). What is a social determinant of health? Back to basics. Journal of public health research, 10(4), 2324. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2324
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications. Frontiers in public health, pp. 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
Shitu, K., Adugna, A., Kassie, A., & Handebo, S. (2022). Application of Health Belief Model for the Assessment of COVID-19 preventive behavior and its Determinants among Students: A structural equation modeling analysis. PloS one, 17(3), e0263568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263568
United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF). (n.d.). A and B recommendations | United States preventive services Taskforce. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-and-b-recommendations
Zhao, Y. C., Zhao, M., & Song, S. (2022). Online Health Information Seeking Among Patients With Chronic Conditions: Integrating the Health Belief Model and Social Support Theory. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(11), e42447. doi: 10.2196/42447