NU 500 Discuss how application of theoretical frameworks and models can strengthen nursing research studies and promote theory-based practice within the nursing profession.

Discussion Question

• Complete a library search for a nursing research article from a peer-reviewed nursing journal that uses a grand or middle-range nursing theory as the theoretical framework for a research study in the practice setting.
• Present the article and describe how the nursing theory was used to guide the research study.
• Discuss how application of theoretical frameworks and models can strengthen nursing research studies and promote theory-based practice within the nursing profession.
• Be sure to supplement your discussion with personal and professional experiences.
• Attach the article to your initial discussion post.

Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis and include peer-reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.

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Sample Answer for NU 500 Discuss how application of theoretical frameworks and models can strengthen nursing research studies and promote theory-based practice within the nursing profession.

Theories offer a foundation for all professions, and healthcare theories offer the same foundation for nursing students and professionals. Nursing theories help guide and define nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision-making.

The following presentation discusses a theoretical model relevant to NP (Medical-surgical) specialty that would provide a meaningful context for evidence-based practice surrounding a common issue in NP practice. In addition, I will outline

how the theoretical model can be employed to address the issue.

Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) aims to increase a patient’s level of wellbeing. The model identifies behavior-modifying factors like demographics, behavioral factors, and interpersonal influences, which interact to determine cognitive-perceptual processes. HPM is applied to modify unhealthy behaviors and initiate behavioral changes to promote health (Vakilian et al., 2021).

It has assumptions that: People seek to regulate their behavior actively; Individuals interact with the environment, gradually transforming the environment and being transformed over time; Healthcare professionals make up a part of the interpersonal environment, which influences individuals through their life span; Self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive patterns is crucial to behavior change (Vakilian et al., 2021).

Pender HPM is relevant to my NP specialty in medical-surgical nursing since it can be applied to modify unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle practices associated with common chronic illnesses like hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. In addition, HPM can be applied to initiate behavioral changes in patients with or at risk of these conditions to promote health (Vakilian et al., 2021).

Med-surgical NPs provide health education and promotion and can use HPM in these roles. Various studies have found HPM effective in alleviating unhealthy behaviors and promoting healthy behaviors. Furthermore, Med-surgical NPs can use the model to learn that individuals are highly likely to commit to and adopt health-promoting behaviors when their significant others copy the behavior, anticipate the behavior to occur, and offer assistance and support to foster the behavior (Vakilian et al., 2021).

Diabetes complications are a major concern related to the medical-surgical NP specialty. For instance, we have had many diabetic patients diagnosed with complications like retinopathy, kidney failure, nerve damage, and diabetic foot ulcers. Most patients with these complications have a prolonged history of uncontrolled hyperglycemia (Cole & Florez, 2020). In addition, most usually report failing to adhere to the lifestyle recommendations like modifying dietary habits, engaging in physical exercises, smoking cessation, and minimizing alcohol consumption. For example, 12 out of 18 patients who underwent foot amputations in our setting were known smokers using 1-3 PPD. Furthermore, some diabetes patients do not adhere to the recommendation for daily glucose monitoring, which leads to undetected hyperglycemia.

Diabetes complications have impacted patients’ health outcomes, wellbeing, and quality of life. The complications lead to prolonged hospital stays and increased hospital readmissions. This leads to high healthcare costs for patients and high hospital operational costs (Cole & Florez, 2020). The hypoglycemic agents routinely prescribed to patients with diabetes also increase medical costs. Furthermore, complications like foot ulcers lead to foot amputations which tremendously reduce patients’ quality of life. Diabetic retinopathy causes cataracts that affect patients’ vision, which impairs their ability to perform ADLs (Cole & Florez, 2020). Diabetes complications are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Pender’s HPM can be employed as a framework to guide EBP in addressing diabetes complications. HPM can be used to assess patients’ biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that influence their health behavior and self-care practices (Shahabi et al., 2022). It can also be used to examine patients’ perceived benefits of action, barriers to adopting healthy behaviors, and perceived self-efficacy, which influences perceived barriers to action. Patients with a higher efficacy have a low perception of barriers to adopting the behavior (Kurnia et al., 2018). Medical-surgical NPs can use the HPM to improve diabetic patients’ perceived self-efficacy. This can help achieve desired self-management behavior, like exercising, having a healthy diet, actively monitoring blood glucose, and adhering to medication and foot care.

Pender’s HPM is applied to modify unhealthy behaviors and initiate behavioral changes to promote health. It seeks to improve individuals’ level of wellbeing. HPM is related to the Medical-surgical nursing NP specialty since NPs provide health education and promotion. NPs can use the model to foster healthy behaviors to lower the incidence of chronic illnesses. Diabetes complications are a common issue facing med-surgical NPs. HPM can be used to assess and improve a patient’s perceived efficacy, which improves outcomes.

 References

Cole, J. B., & Florez, J. C. (2020). Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 16(7), 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0278-5

Kurnia, A. D., Amatayakul, A., & Karuncharernpanit, S. (2018). Predictors of diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetics in Indonesia: Application theory of the health promotion model. International journal of nursing sciences, 4(3), 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.06.010

Shahabi, N., Hosseini, Z., Aghamolaei, T., Ghanbarnejad, A., & Behzad, A. (2022). Application of Pender’s health promotion model for type 2 diabetes treatment adherence: protocol for a mixed methods study in southern Iran. Trials, 23(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-07027-9

Vakilian, P., Mahmoudi, M., Oskouie, F., Firouzian, A. A., & Khachian, A. (2021). Investigating the effect of educational intervention based on the Pender’s health promotion model on lifestyle and self-efficacy of the patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A clinical trial. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1301_20

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The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

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Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

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Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

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Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource