NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
The use of technology to leverage care interventions in different clinical settings and facilities cannot be overemphasized because of the critical role that it plays in enhancing patient safety and care outcomes. Clinical systems are essential tools in improving patients’ outcomes and efficiencies in healthcare delivery by reducing medication errors, promoting medication compliance and enabling providers to leverage technology for better decisions and informed interventions (Dykes et al., 2017). Personal health records or portals are some of the critical aspects that providers and healthcare systems use to support patients that have recently been diagnosed with diabetes. These portals offer access to health information from an organization’s electronic health record (EHR) and allow patients to conduct different medical-associated tasks like electronically communicating with their providers and even recording their symptoms (Tapuria et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to offer an annotated bibliography of the impact of personal health records or patient portals for individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes.
Coughlin, S. S., Williams, L. B., & Hatzigeorgiou, C. (2017). A systematic review of studies
of web portals for patients with diabetes mellitus. MHealth, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2017.05.05
In this systematic review of studies on the portal for patients with diabetes mellitus, the researchers evaluate the impact of patient health records to improve outcomes from interventions to control glycemic levels. The authors identified 12 studies on the topic that include three cross-sectional and five randomized controlled trials. The researchers required web portals meant for diabetes patients and those tethered to electronic medical records. The findings show that web portals enhance the ability of patients to communicate with their clinicians and attain enhanced glycemic control. The authors emphasize the need for additional research to understand the level of control for patients. However, they are categorical that web po
rtals improve glycemic control for these patients.
The study shows that web portals are essential and improve outcomes for diabetic patients since they enhance communication between them and their clinicians. Through effective communication, clinicians improve efficiencies in care provisions for diabetes patients. The study indicates that providers should leverage technologies and encourage their patients to embrace them to reduce adverse disease outcomes. A critical lesson learned from the use of web portals based on the study is that few patients embrace this technology to enhance diabetes self-management and self-care. Consequently, providers should be trained to leverage its use to improve self-care interventions for patients in remote locations.
Sun, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Sereika, S. M., Saul, M. I., Li, D., & Burke, L. E. (2018).
Patient Portal Use in Diabetes Management: Literature Review. JMIR Diabetes, 3 (4): e11199. https://doi.org/10.2196/11199.
In this article, the researchers affirm the critical role that health information technology tools have in promoting engagement, improvement of patient-provider communication, and enhancing clinical outcomes in the management of chronic disorders like diabetes mellitus. Based on a review of literature, the researchers focus on evidence about the efficacy of patient portal use by patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. The study examines the link between patient portal use and diabetes mellitus-related outcomes. The authors identified opportunities for future improvement in the management of the condition. The findings also demonstrate the low levels of patient portal use among diabetes patients. The authors observed inconsistency in their findings of the use of these technologies among patients due to several barriers among patients and providers. While these portals enhance care and patient outcomes engagement of both providers and users will be critical to improving uptake.
The article shows that patient portal are critical to enhancing outcomes for individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). The portals improve communication and engagement between providers and patients. Effective engagement is a core aspect of patient participation and leads to better outcomes. These systems also improve efficiency as it eases interaction between nurses, clinicians and patients, and their families. The vital lesson learned from the study is that providers should encourage patients to embrace technology as a way to reduce over-reliance on clinicians to make decisions. These portals allow patients to check different components of their disease status and employ the right interventions to address any challenges. The article also implores further research to address the inconsistencies in results about the efficacy of patient portals to enhance care among diabetes patients, especially those newly diagnosed.
Sieverink, F., Kelders, S., Braakman-Jansen, A., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2019).
Evaluating the implementation of a personal health record for chronic primary and secondary care: a mixed-methods approach. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0969-7
In this study, the authors focus on evaluating the fidelity of personal health records (PHRs) in chronic care based on the level of implementation to ascertain the found effects or impacts. Using a mixed-method design, the researchers measure the responsiveness, the differences, and similarities between the intended and the real use of PHRs among a certain population sample. The study findings show that many providers were unaware of how to deploy the PHR in their present working routines. As such, they find it challenging to motivate and encourage their patients to use PHR. However, those participating in the user group indicated the value of a PHR in future interactions with their clinicians or care providers. The usability participants asserted that improvement in utilization among care providers will highly influence their decision to deploy the patient portals.
The findings show that the actual use of PHR by patients depended on the responsiveness of caregivers. Caregiver responsiveness relies on perceived support and fidelity by patients. However, the use of PHR intends to enhance efficiency and outcomes for patients with chronic conditions as outlined by the study. The critical lesson learned from this article is that providers have a substantial influence on technology uptake by patients in their settings, especially in the management of chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus. Fidelity by patients to PHR is an added advantage in enhancing the use of this technology among patients and their families. The study indicates that responsiveness from providers is a critical aspect of encouraging diabetic patients to embrace patient portals to enhance efficiency and care provision. The implication is that nurses should focus on interactive sessions and engage their diabetes patients to leverage technologies like web portals to improve care outcomes.
Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R.
(2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636
In this article, the researcher asserts that patients with diabetes can leverage patient portals to support self-management and coordination of health care services. The authors’ objective in the study was to examine the effects of access to the patient portal on the frequency of visits, emergency visits, and preventable admissions or hospitalizations. Using an observational study design, the researchers compare the visit rates with or without portal access among patients with chronic conditions, especially diabetes.
The study shows that access to patient portals is linked to increased rates of outpatient office visits in both diabetic patients and those with multiple complex conditions. Patient portals have a significant reduction on overall visits, right from emergency to office physician visits among diabetes and chronically ill patients. These findings show that portals web technology enhances care provision remotely for diabetes patients and improves expected outcomes. Access enhances engagement in outpatient visits allowing providers to address unmet clinical needs. The portals also reduce downstream health events that may necessitate emergency and hospital care, especially for diabetes patients and those with complex comorbidities.
Findings from this study are categorical that patient portals improve outcomes as they increase engagement between clinicians and patients in different care settings. The results also show that the motivation to use PHR is based on provider knowledge and engagement with patients and their families. The study demonstrates the need for providers to leverage educational interventions to enhance the deployment of patient portals for the management of diabetes and multiple chronic conditions.
Vital lessons learned from the use of the patient portal include the need for an interactive approach among the providers, patients, and the healthcare system. The study also shows the need to patients to enhance their engagement with technology to enhance overall outcomes and reduce visits to emergency rooms and physician offices. The article demonstrates the crucial role that web portals play in overall care delivery for diabetes patients.
Conclusion
The findings from the four peer-reviewed research articles demonstrate that patient portals are a critical component of enhancing overall care for individuals with diabetes, particularly those newly diagnosed. The portals allow patients to interact with providers remotely, record their symptoms, access tests, and laboratory results, and review their care plans. while several obstacles and factors influence the use of these portals, it is evident that they continue to constitute a core response to improve care delivery for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes. Studies by Abd-alrazaq et al. (2019) and Ruh and Chugh (2021) show that despite certain barriers to their deployment and embracement, patient portals are enhancing overall care delivery and allowing users to interact more. Through these interventions, clinicians and patients and their families work collaboratively to enhance overall care outcomes. These products provide a host of content, connectivity, and collaboration-associated features and functions for their users. The overall value of these technologies goes beyond the constituents of the health care delivery chain. However, there is a need for further research to enhance usability, adoption, and value among providers and patients to attain effective benefits and leverage from patient portals.
References
Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Bewick, B. M., Farragher, T., & Gardner, P. (2019). Factors that affect the
use of electronic personal health records among patients: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 126, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.014
Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S.
…Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449
Coughlin, S. S., Williams, L. B., & Hatzigeorgiou, C. (2017). A systematic review of studies
of web portals for patients with diabetes mellitus. MHealth, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2017.05.05
Tapuria, A., Porat, T., Kalra, D., Dsouza, G., Xiaohui, S., & Curcin, V. (2021). Impact of patient
access to their electronic health record: a systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1879810
Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R.
(2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636
Ruhi, U., & Chugh, R. (2021). Utility, Value, and Benefits of Contemporary Personal Health
Records: Integrative Review and Conceptual Synthesis. Journal of medical Internetresearch, 23(4), e26877. https://doi.org/10.2196/26877
Sieverink, F., Kelders, S., Braakman-Jansen, A., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2019).
Evaluating the implementation of a personal health record for chronic primary and secondary care: a mixed-methods approach. BMC medical informatics and decisionmaking, 19(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0969-7
Sun, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Sereika, S. M., Saul, M. I., Li, D., & Burke, L. E. (2018).
Patient Portal Use in Diabetes Management: Literature Review. JMIR Diabetes, 3 (4): e11199. DOI: 10.2196/11199.
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Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
Introduction
This paper presents an annotated bibliography summarizing recent research on the application of clinical systems and their impact on healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. The purpose is to explore how various clinical systems have been used to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery.
Annotated Bibliography
Research Article 1
Lu Wenjie, Zhang Jiaming, & Jiang Weiyu. (2023). The difference and clinical application of modified thoracolumbar fracture classification scoring system in guiding clinical treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03958-4
In this article, Wenjie et al. discusses the clinical application of a modified thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score system (modified TLICS system) in guiding clinical treatment for patients with thoracolumbar fractures. The system was developed as an improvement to the existing TLICS system to address its limitations and enhance its effectiveness.
The study found that the use of the modified TLICS system significantly improved patient outcomes. Over an average follow-up duration of 19.2 months, patients demonstrated significant improvement in various outcome measures, including visual analog scale (VAS) score, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, anterior vertebral height ratio, sagittal index, and Cobb angle. Additionally, neurological status also showed varying degrees of improvement. The systematic application of the modified TLICS system allowed clinicians to identify the severity of thoracolumbar fractures accurately and tailor treatment plans, leading to improved patient recovery and functional outcomes.
By implementing the modified TLICS system, the research showed that clinicians achieved more streamlined and efficient decision-making in clinical treatment. The modified TLICS system facilitated a comprehensive evaluation of various injury parameters, aiding in the accurate classification of thoracolumbar fractures. The system’s modifications addressed the limitations of the original TLICS system, enabling healthcare providers to make more informed decisions regarding the need for surgery and the appropriate treatment approach. As a result, the operation rate for the modified TLICS system was slightly lower than that of the traditional TLICS system. This suggests that the modified system contributed to the more efficient allocation of surgical resources while still achieving favorable patient outcomes.
The study provides valuable insights into the application of clinical systems in orthopedic settings. The development and implementation of the modified TLICS system offer a valuable lesson on how continuous improvement and refinement of existing clinical systems can enhance their practicality and effectiveness. By addressing the limitations of the original TLICS system, the modified version demonstrated its potential as a reliable tool for thoracolumbar fracture classification and assessment. The study emphasizes the importance of iterative research and continuous feedback from clinicians to optimize clinical systems for better patient care and healthcare efficiency.
Research Article 2
Parva Paydar, Shole Ebrahimpour, Hanieh Zehtab Hashemi, Mehdi Mohamadi, & Soha Namazi. (2023). Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Application based on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for Over-The-Counter (OTC) Therapy: An Educational Interventions in Community Pharmacists. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 11(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.95843.1661
Paydar et al, shows the implementation of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in the form of an over-the-counter (OTC) therapy application for community pharmacists resulted in several improvements in outcomes. Firstly, the application significantly enhanced the knowledge and pharmaceutical skills of pharmacists in managing OTC therapy. By providing decision support and relevant information, pharmacists were better equipped to take comprehensive patient histories, make appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations, and identify when to refer patients to physicians. This ultimately led to more effective patient counseling and improved patient outcomes. Moreover, the application also contributed to a reduction in unnecessary referrals to physicians. Before using the CDSS-based application, a considerable percentage of patients were wrongly referred to physicians.
While the application increased the time taken to manage scenarios, it had a positive impact on overall efficiencies in patient care. Pharmacists spent more time collecting complete patient histories, resulting in more comprehensive evaluations and appropriate recommendations. Although the initial increase in time may seem inefficient, the overall outcome of improved decision-making and patient care justified this trade-off. Additionally, the mobile-based nature of the application offered ease of access and use for pharmacists in busy pharmacy settings. It allowed them to promptly access OTC therapy information and decision support, thereby enhancing their ability to counsel patients effectively and manage OTC-related situations efficiently.
The study yielded valuable lessons for the future application of CDSS-based tools in pharmacy practice. It highlighted the significant impact of such tools on enhancing patient care and pharmacist performance. The application acted as a valuable clinical support system, guiding pharmacists through patient evaluations and treatment decisions. This underscored the importance of integrating CDSS-based applications to improve patient outcomes and streamline decision-making processes in pharmacy practice. Additionally, user feedback from the evaluation using the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS) questionnaire was essential in understanding user experience and application quality. The feedback provided valuable insights into the importance of user-centric design and continuous improvement to enhance user satisfaction and application performance.
Research Article 3
Shujuan Cao, Rongpei Zhang, Aixin Jiang, Mayila Kuerban, Aizezi Wumaier, Jianhua Wu, Kaihua Xie, Mireayi Aizezi, Abudurexiti Tuersun, Xuanwei Liang, & Rongxin Chen. (2023). Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-023-01097-9
Cao et al. explored the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based fundus screening systems in the clinical environment has shown promising results in improving outcomes and efficiencies in the early detection and management of ocular fundus abnormalities. This study investigated the performance of an AI-based fundus screening system, focusing on diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and pathological myopia (PM), in a real-world clinical setting. The study aimed to evaluate the system’s diagnostic effectiveness, and its application in population screening, and identify areas for further improvement and integration of systemic indicators.
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy: The AI-based fundus screening system demonstrated superior diagnostic effectiveness for diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and pathological myopia (PM), with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) all exceeding 80%. This improved accuracy leads to more precise and reliable diagnoses, enabling early detection and timely treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and preventing irreversible vision loss.
Resource Saving and Efficiency: By automating the screening process, the AI-based system analyzes many fundus images quickly and accurately, reducing the burden on healthcare professionals. This increased efficiency translates to faster diagnoses, allowing for more patients to be screened and diagnosed promptly. The system’s efficiency enhances the overall workflow in clinical settings, leading to more effective patient management and treatment.
Scalability and Population Screening: The AI-based fundus screening system’s diagnostic capabilities in the clinical environment were comparable to those in population screening. This scalability allows the system to be applied in primary healthcare facilities for large-scale screenings.
Identification of Areas for Improvement: The study identified areas for improvement in the AI system’s performance, particularly in its sensitivity to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and referable glaucoma. Lessons learned from the study provide valuable insights for future developments and updates to the AI algorithm. Focusing on enhancing accuracy and precision for these conditions will further optimize the system’s diagnostic capabilities.
Integration of Systemic Indicators: The study highlighted the potential to integrate the AI algorithm with systemic indicators, such as HbA1c levels for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. This integration could significantly improve the system’s diagnostic capabilities, providing more comprehensive assessments of patients’ overall health.
Research Article 4
Gholamzadeh, M., Abtahi, H., & Safdari, R. (2023). The Application of Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems to Enhance Adherence to Evidence-Based Medicine in Chronic Disease. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2023, 8550905. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8550905
Gholamzadeh et al. discussed the application of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in chronic disease management has shown significant improvements in patient outcomes. By providing evidence-based recommendations and up-to-date information, CDSSs empower healthcare providers to make more accurate diagnoses and develop tailored treatment plans. This leads to better disease management, reduced complications, and improved patient health. CDSSs also help in identifying potential medical errors and providing timely alerts, contributing to enhanced patient safety and healthcare quality. With personalized patient care and targeted interventions, CDSSs play a vital role in improving clinical outcomes and patient well-being.
CDSSs have brought about substantial efficiencies in healthcare delivery. By automating the processing of patient data and presenting relevant information, CDSSs save clinicians valuable time and effort that would otherwise be spent searching for relevant medical literature and guidelines. This streamlining of the decision-making process allows healthcare providers to focus more on direct patient care and less on administrative tasks. As a result, CDSSs contribute to a more efficient and streamlined healthcare workflow, leading to enhanced productivity and resource utilization.
The implementation of CDSSs in clinical settings has provided valuable lessons for healthcare providers and developers. Challenges related to system integration, user acceptance, data quality, and clinician resistance to change have been encountered. To address these challenges, effective training, engagement with end-users, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of system performance have been essential. Additionally, adapting CDSSs to diverse clinical settings and patient populations has been critical for maximizing their impact.
In conclusion, the application of clinical decision support systems in chronic disease management has led to significant improvements in patient outcomes, enhanced efficiencies in healthcare delivery, and valuable lessons learned. By addressing challenges, embracing continuous learning, and upholding ethical considerations, CDSSs can continue to play a pivotal role in advancing patient care and healthcare quality.
Conclusion
The four peer-reviewed research articles presented in this annotated bibliography collectively provide valuable insights into the application of clinical systems and their impact on healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. These studies cover various domains within healthcare, including orthopedics, pharmacy practice, ophthalmology, and chronic disease management. A cohesive conclusion can be drawn from these findings to highlight the overall benefits and lessons learned from using clinical systems in diverse healthcare settings.
Firstly, the studies consistently demonstrate that the implementation of clinical systems leads to significant improvements in patient outcomes. In the orthopedic setting, the modified thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score system (modified TLICS system) improved patient recovery and functional outcomes for thoracolumbar fractures. In pharmacy practice, the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for over-the-counter (OTC) therapy resulted in more effective patient counseling and reduced unnecessary referrals to physicians. In ophthalmology, the AI-based fundus screening system showed enhanced diagnostic accuracy for various ocular abnormalities, leading to timely treatment and preventing irreversible vision loss. Moreover, the application of knowledge-based CDSSs in chronic disease management improved patient health, reduced complications, and enhanced adherence to evidence-based medicine.
Secondly, the research highlights the efficiencies gained by using clinical systems. In orthopedics, the modified TLICS system facilitated more streamlined and efficient decision-making, optimizing surgical resource allocation while achieving favorable patient outcomes. The CDSS-based application in pharmacy practice, despite increasing the time taken to manage scenarios, improved overall efficiencies in patient care by enabling more comprehensive evaluations and appropriate recommendations. The AI-based fundus screening system in ophthalmology automated the screening process, saving time for healthcare professionals and allowing for large-scale population screenings. In chronic disease management, CDSSs saved clinicians time and effort, leading to a more efficient healthcare workflow and enhanced productivity.
The lessons learned from these studies emphasize the importance of continuous improvement and refinement of clinical systems. The development of the modified TLICS system, the user-centric design of the CDSS-based application, and the identification of areas for improvement in the AI-based fundus screening system all highlight the value of iterative research and continuous feedback from healthcare professionals. Additionally, the studies underscore the significance of integrating clinical systems with systemic indicators and adapting them to diverse clinical settings and patient populations to maximize their impact.
In conclusion, the findings from these research articles collectively demonstrate that clinical systems play a crucial role in enhancing healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. By improving patient care, streamlining decision-making processes, and saving valuable time and resources, these systems contribute to overall healthcare quality and effectiveness. Moreover, the lessons learned from their implementation provide valuable guidance for future developments and improvements in clinical systems, ensuring continuous enhancement of patient care and healthcare delivery.
References
Gholamzadeh, M., Abtahi, H., & Safdari, R. (2023). The Application of Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems to Enhance Adherence to Evidence-Based Medicine in Chronic Disease. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2023, 8550905. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8550905
Lu Wenjie, Zhang Jiaming, & Jiang Weiyu. (2023). The difference and clinical application of modified thoracolumbar fracture classification scoring system in guiding clinical treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03958-4
Parva Paydar, Shole Ebrahimpour, Hanieh Zehtab Hashemi, Mehdi Mohamadi, & Soha Namazi. (2023). Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Application based on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for Over-The-Counter (OTC) Therapy: An Educational Interventions in Community Pharmacists. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 11(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.95843.1661
Shujuan Cao, Rongpei Zhang, Aixin Jiang, Mayila Kuerban, Aizezi Wumaier, Jianhua Wu, Kaihua Xie, Mireayi Aizezi, Abudurexiti Tuersun, Xuanwei Liang, & Rongxin Chen. (2023). Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-023-01097-9
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 6051 Assignment Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
The use of health technologies in nursing has gained considerable popularity in the modern world. Health technologies have been shown to optimize the treatment outcomes such as cost, safety, and efficiency of patient care. Health organizations and providers strive to ensure that efficient technologies are adopted to optimize the outcomes of treatment for their patients. Therefore, this annotation examines the use of telehealth in self-management of diabetes.
So, C. F., & Chung, J. W. (2018). Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 24(5), 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17700552
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the diseases that affects a significant proportion of the population in America. As a result, interventions that aim at reducing the prevalence of the disease and its effective management has been explored in studies. The above study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that was conducted to determine the effectiveness of telehealth for self-management of diabetes in primary healthcare. The researchers used seven randomized controlled trials that were obtained from professional databases that included Medline, Pubmed, and CINAHL. The analysis of the data obtained from the selected articles showed that the use of telehealth technology for self-management of diabetes in primary healthcare was associated with a significant decline in the level of glycated hemoglobin. The results of the study also showed that telehealth led to a small decline in the level of fasting plasma glucose levels. There was also a decline in the two-hour post-meal glucose level that translated into enhanced positive effect for glycemic control in the short-term self-management of diabetes. The above study therefore shows that the use of telehealth is effective in improving the self-management outcomes of the disease as evidenced by the decline in the levels of glycated hemoglobin. It can be learned from this article that the use of telehealth in self-management of diabetes is feasible. As a result, health organizations and providers should consider incorporating the technology into the management of diabetes in the affected populations.
Cross, S., Kurmas, N., Byrne, C., Julius, M., Burant, C., Utech, A., & Aoun, A. (2021). Diabetes Self-Management Education Support Healthy Teaching Kitchen Cooking Classes Delivered Using a Telehealth Technology. The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care, 26350106211004890. https://doi.org/10.1177/26350106211004887
Telehealth technology can also be used to deliver virtual patient education on the management of diabetes. As a result, the above study by Cross et al. (2021) was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education as well as support that were delivered to veterans with diabetes using Healthy Teaching Kitchen by means of telehealth communication. The investigation was a retrospective chart review of data that was collected from veterans suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the program. The duration of the study lasted between February 2013 and December 2018. The data obtained in the study was analyzed using factorial design and statistical analysis undertaken using SPSS version 25. The analyzed results of the study showed that there was a significant improvement in the levels of HbA1c in all the participants. The improvement in the level of glycated hemoglobin was irrespective of the location of the participants or the delivery method that was used for patient education. The researchers in this study concluded that the use of telehealth technology is effective in facilitating the self-management of diabetes. It can therefore be learned from this research that the use of telehealth technology for diabetes self-management is feasible in healthcare. The technology capitalizes on the highly skilled and credentialed team of healthcare providers that is often limited in most of the health organizations. The implication of the findings reported in this study is that health organizations should consider the use of telehealth in promoting self-management of diabetes. The technology can improve the treatment outcomes alongside optimizing the effective and efficient use of the limited resources in health organizations.
Hanlon, P., Daines, L., Campbell, C., McKinstry, B., Weller, D., & Pinnock, H. (2017). Telehealth interventions to support self-management of long-term conditions: a systematic metareview of diabetes, heart failure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e6688. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6688
Telehealth technology is also effective in facilitating the self-management of other chronic conditions besides diabetes mellitus. The above study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of telehealth interventions in self-management, disease control and health care utilization among patients with diabetes, asthma, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. The study also sought to identify the components of the telehealth support system and their impact on the process of self-management and disease control. The study was a systematic review of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials that examined telehealth interventions to support self-management of chronic disease. The articles used for the systematic review of systematic reviews were obtained from databases. The search yielded 53 systematic reviews that comprised of 232 unique randomized controlled trials. The analysis of the results reported in the selected studies showed that the use of telehealth for self-management of chronic disease was associated with improved glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and not type 1. The analysis of the data further showed that the use of telehealth interventions such as telephone and telemonitoring were associated with a significant reduction in mortality as well as hospital admissions in patients with heart failure and diabetes. The use of telehealth technology in the self-management of other conditions was found to be safe in practice. The authors concluded that the use of telehealth for the self-management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease improves the outcomes of treatment, reduces mortality and hospitalization rate. Therefore, it can be learned from this article that telehealth technology improves the patient outcomes in the care process. The technology improves the self-management treatment outcomes, cost of care due to hospitalizations and adverse events such as mortalities. Consequently, the use of the technology in nursing practice should be considered.
Howland, C., & Wakefield, B. (2020). Assessing telehealth interventions for physical activity and sedentary behavior self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An integrative review. Research in Nursing & Health, , 44:92–110. doi: 10.1002/nur.22077
Telehealth technology can also be applied in facilitating lifestyle and behavioral modifications as part of self-management interventions for diabetes. Therefore, above study was conducted with the aim of appraising and synthesizing the available literature on physical activity as well as sedentary behavior interventions that were delivered via telehealth strategies to adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was an integrated review that was conducted on articles obtained from databases that included CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed. The analysis of data obtained from the selected articles showed that the delivery of physical activity and sedentary behavior interventions delivered via telehealth resulted in significant improvement in physical activity alongside sedentary behavior among participants that used phone-based interventions. The analysis of the data further showed that the delivery of the interventions via telehealth lead to modest improvements in the glycemic control. The authors concluded that the use of telehealth to deliver lifestyle and behavioral interventions for self-management of diabetes is effective. The technology can facilitate increased engagement in physical activity among the patients and their reduction of sedentary behaviors, which improve the glycemic control. Consequently, it can be learned from the evidence presented in this article that healthcare providers and health organizations can incorporate telehealth into self-management interventions, as it facilitates optimum management of the treatment outcomes of the disease.
Conclusion
It can be seen from the above evidence that telehealth technology is effective for use in self-management of diabetes. Telehealth technology results in the improvement in the levels of glycated hemoglobin that translates into enhanced glycemic control. The evidence also shows that telehealth optimizes the use of the limited resources in health organizations. The readmission and hospital visit rates also decline significantly with the use of telehealth technology for diabetes self-management. The use of the technology also empowers the patients to engage in self-management practices such as physical activity and reduction of sedentary behaviors to improve on the outcomes of treatment. Cumulatively, the above benefits reduce the risk of adverse events such as mortalities in patients with diabetes. Therefore, nurses and other healthcare providers should consider incorporating telehealth into self-management interventions for patients with diabetes.
References
Cross, S., Kurmas, N., Byrne, C., Julius, M., Burant, C., Utech, A., & Aoun, A. (2021). Diabetes self-management education support healthy teaching kitchen cooking classes delivered using a telehealth technology. The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care, 26350106211004890. https://doi.org/10.1177/26350106211004887
Hanlon, P., Daines, L., Campbell, C., McKinstry, B., Weller, D., & Pinnock, H. (2017). Telehealth interventions to support self-management of long-term conditions: a systematic metareview of diabetes, heart failure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e6688. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6688
Howland, C., & Wakefield, B. (2020). Assessing telehealth interventions for physical activity and sedentary behavior self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An integrative review. Research in Nursing & Health, , , 44:92–110. doi: 10.1002/nur.22077.
So, C. F., & Chung, J. W. (2018). Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 24(5), 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17700552