DQ From your experience in the health care industry, What Is The Difference Between Leadership And Management
NUR 514 Topic 2 Discussion 1
Management and leadership are vital to the delivery of good health services. Both are similar in some aspecst but they may involve different types of outlook, skills, and behaviors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), good managers should strive to be good leaders and good leaders, need management skills to be effective (World Health Organization, 2019). Leaders have a vision of what can be achieved and then communicate this to others. Leaders evolve strategies for actualizing the vision through motivating others and seeking out resources. Managers ensure that the available resources are well organized and applied to produce the best results (WHO, 2019).
Leadership is often viewed as an art, not science and management on the other hand, is often thought of as a science as it involves a series of logical steps that can be followed to implement whatever the role demands. In my experience in the health care field, leaders differ from managers in a variety of ways. Leaders are active in formulating goals and objectives for the employees who work for them and strive to seek out efficiency. Managers work to accomplish the tasks and usually will continue to do whatever is necessary to get the job done.
An Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) can both lead and provide management as they have an expert level of knowledge and complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice specific to the context in which they are credentialed to work (Lamb, Martin-Misener, Bryant-Lukosius, and Latimer, 2018). For example, APRNs can lead well to formulate goals related to patient care to help to reduce surgical site infections. An APRN can provide management to the staff on tasks the nurse can carry out to reduce infections such as proper skin prepping techniques and dressing application. APRNs are well versed on evidenced-based practice and can incorporate their knowledge into improving efficiency. An APRN in the role of a leader will strive to seek out efficiency through policy changes at the organization they are employed with. The APRN leader might identify equipment or staff training needs to accommodate high risk patient populations. The APRN manager would then continue this movement to ensure staff training is completed, that staff was familiar with policy updates, and that ultimately the process was rolled out completely. APRNs are an asset to organizations as they advanced education allots for an individual capable of both leading and managing the team.
References
Lamb, A., Martin-Misener, R., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Latimer, M. (July 2018). Describing the leadership capabilities of advanced practice nurses using a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing Open, 5(3): 400-413.
World Health Organization (2019). Chapter 10: Leadership and Management. https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/imai/om_10_leadership_management.pdf
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I do agree with you that nurse leaders should strive to be good leaders to be able to manage resources efficiently. Nurse leadership is a dynamic role which involves promoting change projects in the nursing practice and helping the newly registered nurses learn the best nursing practices (Growing Nurse Leaders: Their Perspectives on Nursing Leadership and Today’s Practice Environment, 2020). The role of managers in any organization is well cut out, they have to harness resources and set out plans to utilize the resources appropriately and realize the organization’s goals and objectives. Leaders have an obligation of providing direction, inspiring and motivating other workers towards the realization of the set goals. Therefore, the healthcare managers need to work with top level stakeholders such as the directors and the investors to attract the required material resources while the leaders need work with nurses and patients to streamline the daily operations of the healthcare organization and realize quality care (Sfantou et al., 2017). Advanced practice registered nurses training has been enhanced to ensure that they provide quality leadership and are incorporate EBP in nurse practice.
References
Growing Nurse Leaders: Their Perspectives on Nursing Leadership and Today’s Practice Environment. (2020). Nursingworld.org. https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-21-2016/No1-Jan-2016/Articles-Previous-Topics/Growing-Nurse-Leaders.html
Sfantou, D., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A., Sifaki- Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017). Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 5(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare5040073
According to Barker & Denisco (2016), “management is the coordination of resources to meet organizational goals, whereas leadership is built on relationships” (p. 136).
In my experience, management has to do with the day-to-day operations functions of an organization such as, managing patients’ care by delegating to others, budgeting, staffing, competencies being up to date, and making sure the organization is following rules and regulations. Leadership to me is leading by example and inspiring others to follow. I have seen my manager, lead by making sure the staff is doing well. If we are short staffed, the manager will do what it takes to make sure we get the help we need, will jump in, and help where needed. Our manager listens and asks for our opinions on how to make improvements for our patients and staff.
Those who manage have people under them, they provide direction from hierarchical order. Management produces order and consistency by planning, setting timetables, allocating resources, organizing staffing, hiring, establishing rules, controlling and problem solving, and taking corrective action (Porter-O’Grady & Malloch, 2018).
When a nurse influences member of the healthcare team, patient, or any part of the health organization, then the nurse is leading (Porter-O’Grady & Malloch, 2018). Anyone can be a leader; no title is needed. Leaders are intentional, committed, inspire, build trust, communicate goals, build teams, empower, encourage, and lead by example (Porter-O’Grady & Mallock, 2018).,
The advanced practice nurse (APN) can lead and provide management by using transformational leadership. “Transformational leadership empowers all team members to work together to achieve a shared goal; lead with a clear vision and use coaching, inspiring, and mentoring to transform themselves, followers, and organizations” (DeNisco & Barker, 2016, p136). The APN can also incorporate the APN Leadership Capabilities Model, which discusses the patient-focused leadership and organizational and system-focused leadership capability domains, which include:
“Patient‐focused leadership included the following four leadership capability domains: 1) managing patient‐centered care; 2) coaching and educating; 3) advocating and 4) initiating meaningful communication. “Organization and system‐focused leadership” included the following seven leadership capability domains: 1) improving the quality of care provided; 2) enhancing professional nursing practice; 3) being an expert clinician; 4) communicating effectively; 5) mentoring and coaching; 6) providing leadership on internal and external committees and 7) facilitating collaboration.” (Lamb et al., 2018, pp 402-403)
References
Denisco, S. M., & Barker, A. M. (2016). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13: 9789384323103
Lamb, A., Martin-Misener, R., Bryant-Lukosius, D., & Latimer, M. (2018). Describing the leadership capabilities of advanced practice nurses using a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing open, 5(3), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.150
Porter-O Grady, T., & Malloch, K. (2018). Leadership in nursing practice: Changing the landscape of health care (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13: 9781284146530
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I do agree with your findings that management involves harnessing of resources to achieve organizational goals while leadership involves relationship building to inspire others. Healthcare organizations require effective leadership and management that enhances quality care and efficiency in resource utilization (Xu, 2017). I do agree with you that managers have the task of planning, staffing and scheduling of the programs at the facility to ensure that every activity goes as planned and the organization is able to meet its objectives. For the nurse leaders, they need to have proper interpersonal skills, that is built on effective communication skills. They have to engage every stakeholder, build stronger understanding and mobilize the other healthcare workers in promoting quality healthcare services. I do agree with you that the nurse leadership built on patient centered approach advocates for patients’ safety, initiates meaningful conversations and educational programs to improve the nurse practice. Advanced nurse training programs incorporates the key concepts of leadership to ensure nurses have the knowledge and skills to lead healthcare transformations (Ens et al., 2018).
Many people use leadership and management simultaneously when these terms actually have two different meanings when we look at the effect leadership has on the recipient in relation to management. When advanced practice registered nurses provide management to others they are exercising a locus of control derived from their formal authority in the healthcare setting they work in (Weberg & Mangold, 2023). Management occurs because of the legitimized hierarchical positions within the healthcare system that allows the advanced practice registered nurse to have subordinates. Management focuses on the tactical aspects of leading others. Leadership can be utilized during any point in the management continuum, and when exercised appropriately can change the system as a whole regardless of where the leader may be located within the organizational hierarchy (Weberg & Mangold, 2023).
Leadership, on the other hand, is when an individual exhibits characteristics that “influence others by virtue of their relationship skills and by advancing the effectiveness of their relationships in a way that supports the collective work of the stakeholders and the effectiveness of their outputs” (Weberg & Mangold, 2023). The concept of leadership focuses more on the interactions, behaviors, relationship building, and communications between others to build a mutual commitment that advances the values of all involved and enables those the leader is in contact with to achieve the purposeful ends of their work collectively (Weberg & Mangold, 2023).
When reflecting on my own personal experiences with nurse leadership, and being a nurse manager within my career, there are many strategies advanced practice registered nurses can employ to effectively lead and manage a clinical team. As a nurse leader, one strategy I used to effectively lead and manage others was open communication that facilitated collaboration between all members of the interdisciplinary team. Being transparent with the staff about what was going on within the clinic and how everyone’s actions affected metrics allowed all members of the staff to brainstorm on ways to improve metrics and patient care. This also helped establish trust between me and the staff, which helped strengthen my professional relationships with the individuals I managed. This allowed me to really get to know what was important to my staff on a professional level, and to understand what they needed to grow on that level. Having the ability to effectively communicate allows me to build sound relationships with others, which in turn initiated positive change within the clinic that had a direct positive effect on clinical outcomes and patient safety.
Weberg, D., & Mangold, K. (2023). Leadership in Nursing Practice: The Intersection of Innovation and Teamwork in Healthcare Systems (4th ed). Jones & Bartlett Learning.