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NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

Grand Canyon University NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation  

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

Health organization evaluation is a critical assessment, through thorough processes, of an organization’s aspect to determine whether it meets its objectives. It assesses various areas of the organization and conducts gap analyses to determine where the organization may best benefit from defining, clarifying, training, tightening systems, or setting direction (Egener et al., 2017). This paper seeks to describe a health organization in the U.S, including its overall readiness, and propose a strategic plan to promote readiness.

Nursing leader’s server as advocates within their organizations. Leaders have requisite knowledge, skills, and understanding and represent the front door into the healthcare service delivery. Nursing leaders need to be comfortable withing their administrative structures to use their powers to advocate for the role of nurses. Advocating in policy discussions to help reduce health care cost and improvement in patients’ outcomes and quality of life through collaborative team-based care. (Stevenson, 2021) Advocating for nursing staff can begins with assessing needs. Do the nurses have the correct tools they need to provide best practice care. Are nurses being treated fairly and are they assuring measures to prevent nursing fatigue and burn out such as appropriate breaks and lunches.

Health Care Organization Description

Vanguard Health Systems, Inc. is a healthcare system that owns and manages acute care hospitals, outpatient facilities, and associated health plans predominantly located in urban and suburban markets. It currently manages 15 acute care hospitals with more than 4,135 bed-capacity in San Antonio, Texas; Metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona; Metropolitan Chicago, Illinois; and Massachusetts (Vanguard Health Systems, 2017). The organization offers health care services, including acute and emergency care, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, obstetrics, and neurology services.

Vanguard Inc. has, in the past, concentrated its operations in markets with high population growth and median income above the national average.  The organization’s objective is to assist communities in achieving health for life by providing an ideal patient-centered experience in a highly dependable care environment (Vanguard Health Systems, 2017). Vanguard endeavors to strengthen its financial operations to finance more investments in these communities. It has established a corporate values framework comprising safety, respect, excellence, integrity, and accountability to support its mission and the corporate and regional business strategies that will characterize its future success.

Organization’s Overall Readiness

Vanguard, Inc. is adequately prepared to meet the health care needs of its target population in the next decade. The readiness is demonstrated by its hospitals’ operations, management team, health plan operations, information systems, and compliance program. Vanguard provides a full range of acute care services as well as outpatient and ancillary healthcare services, which are vital to meet the needs of its target clients while increasing clientele and increasing care management efficiencies (Vanguard Health Systems, 2017). Vanguard has a senior management team with extensive experience in managing multi-facility hospital networks and plays a major role in the strategic planning for the facilities. It has supported the local management teams in aspects of business office, revenue cycle,  legal, clinical efficiency, managed care, physician services, and other administrative functions. Furthermore, Vanguard has established three health plans that help generate a greater volume of patients and help attract quality physicians to the communities the organization serves.

ALSO READ: NRS-451 Organizational Culture and Values

The organization has invested extensively in clinical information technology in cost-effective information systems that meet the needs

NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation
NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

of the hospital management, medical staff, and nurses.  Lastly, Vanguard Inc. has established a company-wide compliance program developed to ensure that the staff maintain high standards of ethics and conduct in the operation of the organization’s business (Vanguard Health Systems, 2017). The program is also designed to implement policies and procedures for all the staff to comply with all laws, regulations, and company policies.

Strategic Plan

A strategic plan communicates an organization’s goals, vision, and strategies to achieve the goals and vision. This section will describe a strategic plan for Vanguard Inc. to address network growth, nurse staffing, resource management, and patient satisfaction.

Network Growth

Vanguard needs to increase its network growth by increasing the volume of patients seeking health services in its hospitals. The strategic plan to promote network growth will include implementing an outpatient growth strategy to improve cost efficiencies across its hospitals (Egener et al., 2017). In addition to the outpatient strategy, the strategic plan will increase the organization’s commitment to improving shareholder value by repositioning the organization to generate higher margins and better cash flow.

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Nurse Staffing

Vanguard’s strategic plan on nurse staffing will include offshore outsourcing of nurses as the organization’s turnaround plan. The nursing workforce accounts for 70% of the organization’s costs and is the most significant driver of hospitals’ operating expenses.  The offshore plan will increase staffing levels and ensure the delivery of quality nursing care.

Resource Management

Vanguard Inc. is at risk of losing revenue because of a lack of operational structures to direct resource management. The strategic plan for resource management will include developing a framework that will direct financial management and auditing. The framework will guide Vanguard in managing its financial resources and improve service delivery since resources will be readily available.

Patient Satisfaction

Vanguard Inc. has implemented a comprehensive patient satisfaction monitoring program to evaluate its success in providing an ultimate patient-centered experience. The strategic plan to improve patient satisfaction will include a hospitalist model, which entails having hospitalists coordinate patient care between specialist physicians and the nursing staff (Berchuck, 2018).  The presence of a strong, reputable group of hospitalists will increase confidence in admitting physicians that patients will receive high-quality, coordinated care while in the hospital (Berchuck, 2018). The hospitalist model will increase patient satisfaction owing to increased specialized physician encounters that patients experience.

Current or Potential Issues within the Organizational Culture

Current issues within Vanguard’s organizational culture include communication flowing only downwards rather than both up and down. The issue may affect the strategic plan on network growth since employees’ opinions at the bottom level need to be considered on how to increase the volume of patients. There is a potential issue of a high nursing turnover, which may affect the strategic plan to improve nurse staffing ratios. A high turnover rate may result in a nursing shortage, reducing the quality and safety of nursing care. Compromised safety and quality of care will ultimately affect the plan on improving patient satisfaction.

Theory or Model That Could Support Implementation of the Strategic Plan

The strategic plan for Vanguard Inc. can be implemented using the Cascade Strategic Planning Model. The model is composed of structure and governance (Wood, 2019). The elements of structure include: Identifying the Vision Statement; Defining the organization values; Identifying the focus areas; Creating the organization’s objectives; Defining the organization KPIs; Specifying the organization projects (Wood, 2019). Elements of governance include Monthly Strategic Updates, Project Updates, and KPI Exceptions. The model’s structural elements guide an organization in planning and implementing a strategic plan and thus will best support Vanguard’s strategic plan implementation. By identifying the vision, Vanguard will determine where it wants to get within a defined period. Besides, defining values will guide the organization in implementing the plan according to its set values.

Conclusion

Vanguard Inc. seeks to change how healthcare is delivered in the communities through its corporate and regional business strategies. Its readiness to achieve its objectives is seen in its hospitals’ operations, management team, health plan operations, information systems, and compliance program. The strategic plan for network growth will be to implement an outpatient growth strategy. Nurse staffing will be increased through offshore outsourcing of nurses. Besides, resource management will be improved by developing a framework to direct financial management and auditing. Patient satisfaction will be enhanced by establishing a hospitalist model, which will increase encounters of patients with specialized physicians.

References

Berchuck, C. A. (2018). New hospitalist model for managing high-cost, high-need patients. Harvard Business Review Digital Article.[cited 2019 May 17]. Available from: hbr. org, published10/9.

Egener, B. E., Mason, D. J., McDonald, W. J., Okun, S., Gaines, M. E., Fleming, D. A., … & Andresen, M. L. (2017). The charter on professionalism for health care organizations. Academic Medicine92(8), 1091. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001561

Vanguard Health Systems. (2015). Vanguard health systems Inc. NASDAQ | Sample Links. https://secfilings.nasdaq.com/

Wood, S. J. (2019). Cascading strategy in a large health system: Bridging gaps in hospital alignment through implementation. Health services management research32(3), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484818805371

Sample Answer 2 for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

Healthcare organizations have the responsibility of providing care to various populations. While some organizations may operate within a given region, others may have the objective of expanding to the national and even the international levels. In the United States of America, there are healthcare organizations that offer their services not only at the state level but also at the federal level. They often attempt to expand their services to numerous states. United Healthcare Organization is one of the healthcare institutions that operate in different states. Other similar institutions may include Banner Health and Vanguard. For private healthcare institutions, the provision of healthcare services to various states often leads to an increase in revenues and protection of many people’s lives. The paper provides an evaluation of the United Healthcare Organization, including overall readiness to operate in various environments as well as its strategic plans.

Description of Healthcare Organization (United Healthcare Organization)

United Healthcare organization is an American for-profit company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. The institution offers insurance services and health care products to its members. United Healthcare Company is the largest healthcare organization globally by revenues as of 2019. In the same year, the organization recorded total revenues of close to $242.2 billion (Branch et al., 2019). The company’s revenues encompass 80% of the group’s overall revenue. The company is also ranked 6th on the Fortune 500 as of the year 2019 (Branch et al., 2019).

United Healthcare organization serves millions of people across different states of America.  The institution offers services to the people from their earliest years of development, through to their working lives and into retirement. What keeps the organization’s reputation is the mission to enable people to live healthier and better lives amidst the emergence of diseases and complex situations in healthcare delivery services. The organization also works to make the healthcare system work for every individual within their areas of operation (Jacobson et al., 2017). United Healthcare Organization is working to develop an integrated system that is more affordable for all the people. Also, the organization works to establish a system that can deliver high-quality care that is responsive to the needs of every person and the communities.

United Healthcare’s Overall Readiness

United Healthcare Company has an elaborate workforce that is able to transform the institution’s desires. Employees work in line with organizational objectives and mission. Given the wide variety of services offered to different people across different states in America, the company has policymakers who are able to analyze trends in the healthcare industry and offer implicit decisions on the way forward. The company has made this possible due to the committed workforce and careful analysis of the markets and various healthcare industries for the company.

The company also has several healthcare plans that can benefit different persons, depending on their needs and income levels. Some of the plans include UnitedHealthcare select plus, UnitedHealthcare select, UnitedHealthcare Choice, which operate as HMO where there is also an option of choosing preferred specialists. These healthcare plans are available for all individuals who plan to get access to medical services. United Healthcare Company provides commercial group insurance plans in different states within the United States of America over various products name with different offerings (Branch et al., 2019).

United Healthcare organization has perfect transformation strategies to counter continuous changes in the healthcare system. Continuous improvement processes in quality delivery is one of the strategies that is geared towards improving the overall quality of services offered. The company also formulates policies that enhance the operational processes and adhere to the possible transformations in the market. United Health Company works in collaboration with other healthcare organizations to facilitate the delivery of quality care at affordable costs. The partnerships and associations formed to define the overall healthcare readiness to tackle some of the challenges associated with the variations in the market and possible disruptions caused by technology and new operational environments (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Through collaboration, the organization can initiate a transformative agenda that may enhance the operational processes.

Strategic Plan

In most cases, preparing for the planning arrangement, clear mission, vision, and agreement priority are some of the strategic planning processes. Many times, preparation for the strategic plans should be a comprehensive process as it needs to cover the required arrangements to ensure the affluence of an organization. Through the following three steps in strategic planning, there is always the need to eliminate weaknesses, including the gaps in the range of the available products. Strategies enable the businesses to achieve the mission and vision as well as the successful outcome.

Mission

The mission is to provide better healthcare services, and decision-making supports for better healthcare outcomes.

Vision

To be the leading healthcare provider through enhanced medical and insurance services globally.

Financial Planning

United Health Company plans to increase revenues by expanding their services to different states. They also tend to offer more options for healthcare plans to ensure that many people are registered to receive quality healthcare services. Huge financial resources are expected to go to healthcare plans.

Network Growth

The company anticipates expanding its network growth through collaboration with other healthcare organizations such as hospitals and healthcare centers. Also, the management plans to collaborate with other healthcare insurance companies to realize their full potential in the global healthcare industry.

Nurse and Staffing

With the increasing customer base, the organization plans to increase the number of workers to handle various services. At the same time, the human resource department has been tasked with the responsibility of enhancing the skills and technical abilities of the workers to ensure effective service delivery.

Resource Management

As the company is expanding, there is always the need to increase the number of resources and to provide proper management services. United Healthcare is engaged in the development of strategies to enhance resource allocation and effective utilization. With the continuous expansion of services, United Healthcare Company plans to set up more offices and healthcare centers in different states and increase the services offered. Also, the company plans to increase technological services. With the growth in technology, the organization plans to invest more in technology to enhance service delivery and efficiency in care.

Patient Satisfaction

In United Healthcare Company, patient satisfaction is the key. The organization tends to invest more resources in enhancing service delivery to promote patient satisfaction. The increased use of technology is expected to enhance service delivery, a scenario that will, in turn, promote patient satisfaction. One of the organization’s main plans in terms of patient satisfaction is the facilitation of the self-care delivery models that will enable patients to receive satisfactory services.

Current Issues with the Organizational Culture

United Health Organization holds strong cultural values that enable the workforce to stick to effective operational processes. The organization has a strong culture of collaboration, appreciation, support, and community . Also, patient care is at the center of its cultural practices. Effective service delivery and patient satisfaction further contribute to strong cultural values. The above cultural practices may enhance the development and achievement of the strategic plans. A culture of ensuring patient satisfaction, for instance, enhances the achievement of the organizational objective of providing sufficient services to the customers. In general, the organizational culture guides the workforce as well as the management in establishing the goals or objectives within the organization.

Issue-Based Strategic Planning Model

An issue-based strategic planning model can support the implementation of the above strategic plan for the United Healthcare Organization. The issue-based strategic model can be used to provide strategies for present and future plans. The model is critical as it aims at identifying the possible challenges or problems that an organization might face. It starts by ironing out issues before expanding and shifting the strategies that are applied in the implementation of the strategic plans. The issue-based strategic planning is the best given that fact that it considers all the factors or barriers that an organization might face.

Conclusion

United Healthcare Organization is one of the institutions that offer healthcare services, including health insurance plans to millions of people in the United States of America. Because of the strong organizational values and a strong and committed workforce, it ranked as one of the best healthcare companies globally. The organization also partners with different care providers where they collaborate to improve general patient care. The organization is also operating to create a more sustainable healthcare system that can provide quality services to every person involved.

References

Branch, L., Eller, W., Bias, T., McCawley, M., Myers, D., Gerber, B., & Bassler, J. (2019). Trends in malware attacks against United States healthcare organizations, 2016-2017. Global Biosecurity1(1).

Jacobson, G., Damico, A., Neuman, T., & Gold, M. (2017). Medicare Advantage 2017 spotlight: enrollment market update. accessed on August20, 2017.

Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic nursing36(1), 12.

Sample Answer 3 for NRS-451V Health Organization Evaluation

A health system as an organization comprises of at least one hospital and one group of physicians that offer comprehensive care, right from primary to specialty care, who are linked to one another based on common ownership and joint management. Evaluation of such systems to ascertain their effectiveness based on readiness for change, network growth, management of resources, staffing, patient satisfaction and active role in community is essential (Helbig, 2018). Common Spirit Health demonstrate readiness to be resilient in the coming years in healthcare progression. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the organization and its readiness to meet the health care needs of patient population in the coming decade.

Common Spirit Health

Common Spirit Health is considered one of the largest health systems owned by the Catholic church in the United States. Common Spirit is the second-largest nonprofit hospital system with operations in 21 states. Headquartered in Illinois, Chicago, the faith-based system has 142 hospitals and in over 1000 care locations or sites across the nation. The organization was formed in 2019 through one of the biggest mergers in healthcare system when San Francisco-based Dignity Health and Colorado-based Catholic Health Initiatives came together to create the largest faith-based system in the industry.

The organization asserts that it is mission-driven and seeks to enhance better health into each part of communities for the prosperity of people and places. According to the organization, stronger communities arise when they invest in health (Common Spirit Health, 2022). The organization’s mission, values, and vision focus on building resilient communities, advocating for the poor and vulnerable, and innovation in healing both in its system and communities that it serves. Common Spirit Health (2022) asserts that it is committed to serving all people and is a leading provider of Medicaid service across the country to ensure that those in need get access to quality care. The organization has a host of services and programs like community health initiatives, research programs, home health programs, and virtual care aimed at addressing the root causes of poor health. Common Spirit Health identifies access to quality care, safe neighborhoods and a healthy environment as key to resilient and well-prepared health communities.

Organization’s Overall Readiness based on Findings

Common Spirit Health realize the significance of investing in community health through advancing health equity, improving population health and innovation in healthcare. The increasing diversity among patient population and growing demand in care services occasioned by an aging population, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases like the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, implore organizations like Common Spirit to focus on innovation (Common Spirit Health, 2022b). Through these approaches, the organization will be ready for the coming decades as it responds to reforms in health care and increased deployment of technology to improve access, reduce costs, and enhance quality of care.

A comprehensive analysis on Common Spirit Health demonstrates that the system is keen improving its readiness to respond to the reforming health care sector based on its three areas of what they do; health equity, improving population health and innovation. The organization envisions a model that allows it to solve health needs in a proactive and holistic manner to attain more equitable health outcomes in communities Common Spirit Health, 2022). The organization shows its ability to attain this goal through common equity, a more just health system, and supporting community health programs. The organization also invests in having a more diverse workforce and environmental stewardship (Common Spirit Health, 2022c). Common Spirit Health advances health through its programs and initiatives; especially leveraging data and technology to tackle major health care issues like the opioid use disorder.

Furthermore, the organization’s readiness is demonstrated through its focus on providing value-based care and being part of initiative like Physician Enterprise which represents different players in the industry like ambulatory care, and networks. The organization also shows its readiness through innovation in virtual care and home health, investment in Precision Medicine Alliance that it launched in 2016, and creation of partnerships with other stakeholders to advance health care provision and delivery (Common Spirit Health, 2022b). Common Spirit Health has also invested in clinical research as it believes that research is fundamental in each cure and a core aspect of the entity’s commitment to excellence in patient care. The analysis of the findings show that Common Spirit Health is an organization that is ready for the changing nature of the health care industry based on its initiatives and programs and investment in technologies and focus on community health by recognizing the existing diversity in population.

Strategic Plan for Common Spirit Health

Common Spirit Health was established in 2019 after the merger of two big health systems with operations in different states across the country. The merger brought together huge resources; both human and financial and equipment that allows the organization to expand its network, have sufficient staffing levels, manage resources and attain patient satisfaction. A strategic plan for the organization should focus on leveraging the opportunities created by this merger and creating more partnerships in the health care sector (Saleem et al., 2019). For instance, Common Spirit along with other health care systems like Trinity and Tenet have come together to launch a data analytics company called Truveta to help them leverage the huge healthcare data to improve care provision and precision Common (Spirit Health, 2022c). Secondly, Common Spirit Health has invested hugely in clinical research, precision medicine and virtual health to enhance its expansion and reach to diverse patient and health populations. Its home health program focuses on improving accessibility. The organization is also a leading site for Medicaid Services. Therefore, the strategic plan should focus on leveraging existing programs to ascertain their overall ability to help the organization meet its goals and objectives given that it is relatively a new corporation created less than three years ago.

Current or Potential Issue in Organizational Culture

Common Spirit Health’s organizational culture is growing and must embrace diversity, especially due to the merger of the two systems that resulted in two sets of employees who may have different approaches to care provision. The need for diversity and crafting of a common approach to care provision may be a potential issue which can impact the implementation of the strategic plan (Kirsten, 2020). Secondly, being a large health system, it requires more resources to implement its initiatives across all the over 140 hospitals and more than 1,000 care sites across the nation (Common Spirit Health, 2022). The implication is that without a comprehensive and system-based approach, the organization may struggle meeting its growth objectives based on a host of programs and initiatives that it runs to enhance health care quality among its targeted communities and patient populations. Investing in a diverse workforce is essential in tackling some of the issues and would allow the system to get innovative staff to attain its programs.

Theory or Model to Implement the Strategic Plan

Models and theories in healthcare guide the implementation of quality improvement initiatives like strategic plans (Barrow et al., 2021). In this case, the most appropriate model would be Lewin’s change model that guides organizations in implementing strategic plans. The management of the system should identify aspects of the suggested programs and initiatives at different sites for implementation and engage their nursing staff and other organizational members. Lewin’s change model has three steps that include unfreezing, change and refreezing. The model allows change implementers to engage those to be affected by the changes and attain a buy-in to reduce potential resistance. The model is appropriate for Common Spirit Health based on the current state of the system since it requires effective integration of its workforce.

Conclusion

Health Systems like Common Spirit Health are critical to care provision, especially due to the rising demand of care services in the country. The evaluation of the organization shows a ready system focused on meeting the health care needs of citizens in the coming years based on the different approaches, programs, and initiatives. However, the proposed strategic plan will allow it to attain best outcomes and ensure that it effectively meets these needs through well-intentioned expansion and investment in technology and data analytics.

References

Barrow, J. M., Annamaraju, P. & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2021). Change Management. StatPearls

[Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459380/

Common Spirit Health (2022). Who We are: Here to Serve.

 https://www.commonspirit.org/who-we-are

Common Spirit Health (2022b). Innovation moves everyone forward.

https://www.commonspirit.org/what-we-do/innovative-care

Common Spirit Health (2022c). A healthier future for all.

 https://www.commonspirit.org/what-we-do/advancing-health-equity

Common Spirit Health (2022d). Improving population health.

https://www.commonspirit.org/what-we-do/improving-population-health

Helbig, J. (2018). Reengineering health care management. In Grand Canyon University

(Eds.), Nursing Leadership and Management: Leading and Serving (chapter 5). https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs451vn/nursing-leadership-and-management-leading-and-serving/v1.1/#/chapter/5

Kirsten, D. (2020). Change is inevitable. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 51(7):56. doi:

10.1097/01.NUMA.0000669092.10582.06

Saleem, S., Sehar, S., Afzal, M., Jamil, A., & Gilani, S. A. (2019). Accreditation: Application of

Kurt Lewin’s Theory on Private Health Care Organizational Change. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 2, 12. DOI: 10.36348/sjnhc. 2019.v02i12.003