Data Analysis and Interpretation Discussion

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This assessment takes the form of a data analysis and interpretation exercise.

Preparation – In order to be able to complete this part of the work you will need to: 1) know different types of data analysis and interpretation, 2) perform your analysis and interpret the data and information presented to you c) critically review published evidence and data. The word limit for this piece is 2,000 words, which requires you to write succinctly and clearly for each of the four sections. Note that each section suggests a maximum of 500 words, but this is flexible as long as the total in all sections is a maximum of 2000 words.Task A-Environmental exposures in urban landscape.Task B- Graveyard data analysis.Task C- Peer review: Qualitative examination of walk .Task D- Map data analysis

Data Analysis & Interpretation

Summary – This assessment takes the form of a data analysis and interpretation exercise.
Preparation – In order to be able to complete this piece of work, you will need to: i) review module material on different types of analysis and interpretation of data, ii) carry out your own analysis and interpretation of data and information provided to you iii) critically review published evidence and data. This piece has a word limit of 2000 in total, requiring you to write concisely and clearly for each of four sections. Note that each section suggests a maximum of 500 words, but this is flexible so long as the total across all sections is maximum 2000 words.

GUIDANCE FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
Data Analysis & Interpretation
Task A-Environmental exposures in urban landscape
Task B- Graveyard data analysis
Task C- Peer review: Qualitative examination of walk
Task D- Map data analysis

Below we have provided you with a structured set of four tasks A to D to work through, and to provide your answers to the questions posed along the way. This will require you to try working with different types of data, and interpreting statistical and qualitative analyses of them. Please write up your responses for all tasks in a single document, with clear headings for each question (A1, A2, B1 etc. as per the specific questions). Please note that any tables of results, graphs or images that you include are not included in the 2000 word limit.
References
You should not need to provide references for this assessment. You do not need to include references for the papers used for the tasks.
Further information
The work submitted for this assessment should conform to the General House Style for Assignments for the MSc in
Environment and Human Health, available on ELE. You should refer to this document for the specific requirements for written submissions.

Please refer to the Marking Criteria at the end of this briefing, which will be employed to assess this work for this Assessment. Note that different questions are worth different marks; you should apportion your effort accordingly.

Task A: Environmental exposures in urban landscapes [Suggested maximum 500 words]
Please see the document(A-van Dijk-Wesselius) that i sent as well

An important aspect of research is to appraise other people’s data analysis rather than conduct primary data analysis.
Read the van Dijk-Wesselius et al paper (also provided on ELE), and complete tasks A1 to A3 below to demonstrate that you understand how they conducted their data analysis.
A1. Provide a summary of the data collected for this paper and why.
A2. Comment on one result presented in the paper and the uncertainty in that result (e.g. confidence intervals, adjustment). A3. Comment critically on the take home message of the paper.
Reference: Van Dijk-Wesselius JE, Maas J, Hovinga D, et al. The impact of greening schoolyards on the appreciation, and physical, cognitive and social-emotional well-being of schoolchildren: A prospective intervention study. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018;180:15-26. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204618307369?via%3Dihub
Task B: Graveyard data analysis [Suggested maximum 500 words]
Please see the document (B.GraveyardData) that i sent as well

Data are everywhere. St James Cemetery (http://www.stjamescemetery.co.uk/) in Liverpool holds the remains of nearly 58,000 people. The gravestones that remain in the park give fascinating insight into the lives of Liverpudlians since the 1700s. Information that may be obtained from the gravestones include names, year of death, month of death, age at death, gender, marital status. Courtesy of Dr Karyn Morrissey we have a small set of data recorded from these gravestones. The Excel file containing this data is available with this assessment on ELE. For this task:
Import the data into Stata (or SPSS/other stats package if you prefer) and perform a descriptive analysis presented via a selection of appropriate statistics, tables and charts. Please present this information in the style of a brief ‘methods and results’ section of a journal paper, addressing these points B1 to B3:
B1: Description of how data have been managed (import to stats package etc.)
B2: Calculation and presentation of appropriate statistics B3: Interpretation of results

You should include description of how you managed the data, and produce statistics, tables or graphs. For example, you could consider some of the following statistics:
• Average age of death
• Average age of death by gender
• Average age of death if age at death was greater than 16
• Average age of death if married
• Average age of death if married and male
• Most common surname
• Most common first name for women
• Most common first name for men
• Numbers of deaths by age category

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: Data Analysis and Interpretation Discussion

Remember the tight word count; you may not want to do all of these, and may want to detail other analyses not listed here. Where appropriate, averages could be presented with 95% confidence intervals, and other appropriate statistics could be calculated.
Task C: Peer review: Qualitative examination of walking groups in deprived communities [Suggested maximum 500 words]
Please see the document (C-Kassavou paper.) i sent as well

Kassavou A, Turner A, French DP. The role of walkers’ needs and expectations in supporting maintenance of attendance at walking groups: a longitudinal multi-perspective study of walkers and walk group leaders. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 16;10(3):e0118754https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118754

This task is to read this paper (Kassavou et al, 2015) with a critical viewpoint, and to write a peer review as if you were writing for a journal editor, using the guidance below to help you:
• Sense about Science: Peer Review: The nuts and bolts. https://senseaboutscience.org/activities/peer-review-thenutsand-bolts/
• Rowan, M., Huston, P., 1997. Qualitative research articles: information for authors and peer reviewers. CMAJ: Canadian
Medical Association Journal 157, 1442-1446. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1228487/

Your review should include the following:
C1. Summarise in a short paragraph the main aims, why this required a qualitative research design and findings of the study (without simply copying the abstract).
C2. Address the following key appraisal criteria where appropriate/relevant and justify your responses. You do not have to address all of these criteria; you can be selective of those where you think the authors could improve the paper. Where you make a criticism, make a clear recommendation to the authors about how you think they could improve the study or the paper.
• Is the research question clear?
• Are the study design, methods and analysis appropriate to the question being studied?
• Is the study innovative or original, to the extent of your knowledge?
o For example, please consider if the study challenge existing paradigms or add to existing knowledge? o Does it develop novel concepts or methods?
o Does it matter?
• Are methods of sampling clearly described and appropriate?
• Are methods of data collection clearly described and reliable?
• Are the methods of analysis described clearly and appropriate?
• Do the interpretations, themes or concepts created flow logically from the analysis?
• If humans, human tissues or animals are involved, was ethics approval gained and was the study ethical?
• Are the conclusions appropriate – do they focus on the key findings and their implications?
• Does the abstract properly represent the work and its findings?

Task D. Map data analysis [Suggested maximum 500 words]
If this link does not open with you please let me know)
In real life analyses we often use secondary data. This task involves using a Public Health England open data mapping website to interpret and comment upon some secondary data on the geography of health in the UK. Explore the website https://www.localhealth.org.uk/ and complete tasks D1 to D3 below.

Hints on using the PHE mapping site:
• From the homepage of https://www.localhealth.org.uk/ click to open ‘Indicators: maps, charts and datatables’
• Click T4 – Life Expectancy and Causes of Death (top left)
• Change the geography from Ward to LTLA (Lower Tier Local Authority – these include District Councils and Unitary Authorities)
• Click Life expectancy at birth for males to show the map of male life expectancy based on mortality data.
• Click Life expectancy at birth for females, 2013-2017 to show the map of female life expectancy based on mortality data
• You can click the i for each data set under ‘My indicators’ to get information about that data:

• You can drag and zoom the map as per Google maps or QGIS.
• If you would like to include maps to illustrate your analysis, one method is that you can click ACTIONS (top right of the map) then EXPORT, REUSE then export the map in PNG format to insert into Word.
Using the information and data available via this interactive web-map, write a commentary on the regional geographies of male and female life expectancy. You can consider the whole of England or one region in specific. Include:
D1. A brief background summary describing the life expectancy data, specifically where they come from and what they represent.
D2. Description and discussion of the regional geographies of life expectancy and why they might look like they do. D3. Concluding remarks.

MARKING CRITERIA

Structure (weighting of marks) Assessed Skills Fail
(<49%) Pass (5059%) Good Pass (60-69) Distinction (>70%)
Part A [25% of assessment]
A1 (summary of data collection) = 5
A2 (comment on chosen result) = 10
A3 (commentary on conclusion) = 10
Part B [25% of assessment]
B1 (description of data management) = 5 B2 (calculation and presentation of appropriate statistics) = 10 B3 (interpretation of results) = 10
Part C [25% of assessment]
C1 (Summary of aims and findings) = 10
C2 ( Appraisal and recommendations) = 15
Part D [25% of assessment]
D1 (description of data source) = 5 D2 (description and discussion of life expectancy geography) = 15
D3 (conclusions) = 5 Ability to manage and analyse different types of quantitative data. Ability to interpret data analyses. Ability to clearly present and describe the results of data analyses. Interpretation of published research results. From:
evidence of competence
in the skills but application is limited;
To:
negligible evidence and use of the skills.
Evidence of skills within the assignment
is
satisfactory and appropriate to the task. Good, consistent evidence of appropriate and effective use of the skills. From: strong and convincing evidence of the considered use of the
skills;
To:
overwhelming evidence of both insight and innovation in use of the skills.