DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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DNP 810 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 PEER Posts
In your own words, describe personal and research bias and explain why bias is one of the main reasons for poor validity in research outcomes. How could a quality improvement project (DPI Project) be affected if the research used had bias? How would the site be affected? Using one of the primary research articles you selected for you PICOT-D, discuss potential bias that could have occurred and how this affects the research outcomes and ultimately the validity of the studies. Is it still viable research for your DPI Project?
Leaders should engage in patient and employee advocacy. Advocacy for staff has a favorable influence on the overall quality of care that patients get at a facility. For example, the participation of workers in decision-making, particularly on issues that directly impact them, such as flexible work hours, stimulates employees to work with a purpose for the benefit of the whole workforce. Employees are more motivated to work for the organization when they are campaigning for a bigger pay raise and a more favorable working environment (Rosa et al., 2020). Being motivated to work means that health care practitioners will adopt evidence-based best practices, which are crucial in providing high-quality health care services.
Elsie Nlerum
Posted Date
Mar 20, 2022, 11:15 AM
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Bias is any trend or deviation from the truth in data collection, data analysis, interpretation, and publication that can cause false conclusions. Bias can occur either intentionally or unintentionally. Intention to introduce bias into someone’s research is not moral. Nevertheless, considering the possible consequences of biased research, it is almost equally irresponsible to conduct and publish biased research unintentionally (Gardenier JS, Resnik DB, 2019). Bias distorts the truth, it interferes with the ability to truly understand the environments around us. It is the most challenging obstacle for researchers. It is worth pointing out that every study has its confounding variables and limitations. Confounding effects cannot be completely avoided. While Personal bias happens when the research results are altered due to personal beliefs, customs, attitudes, culture, and errors among many other factors. It also means that the researcher must have analyzed the research data based on his/her beliefs rather than the views perceived by the respondents (Scott K, McSherry R, 2019) In research studies having a well-designed research protocol explicitly outlining data collection and analysis can assist in reducing bias. Feasibility studies are often undertaken to refine protocols and procedures. Bias can be reduced by maximizing follow up and where appropriate in randomized control trials analysis should be based on the intention to treat principle, a strategy that assesses clinical effectiveness because not everyone complies with treatment and the treatment people receive may be changed according to how they respond. Bias research has been criticized for lacking transparency in relation to the analytical processes employed (Smith, J., & Noble, H. 2018).
A quality improvement DPI project could be affected or reduced by the random selection of participants since I am using a clinic setting and in the case of clinical trials randomization of participants into comparison groups. Also, some participants might withdraw from the study or be lost due to failed follow-up. This can result in sample bias or change the characteristics of participants in comparison groups. In qualitative research purposeful sampling has advantages when compared to convenience sampling in that bias is reduced because the sample is constantly refined to meet the study aims. Premature closure of the selection of participants before analysis is complete can threaten the validity of a qualitative study. This can be overcome by continuing to recruit new participants into the study during data analysis until no new information emerges, known as data saturation.
References
Gardenier JS, Resnik DB. The misuse of statistics: concepts, tools, and a research agenda. Account Res. 2019;9:65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989620212968. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Scott K, McSherry R. Evidence-based nursing: clarifying the concepts for nurses in practice. Nursing in Critical Care, 2019: 3; 67-71 p 1089.
Smith, J., & Noble, H. (2018). Bias in research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 17(4), 100-101. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-101946
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Nkiruka Mgbemena
replied toElsie Nlerum
Mar 21, 2022, 9:39 PM
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Replies to Elsie Nlerum
Great posting Elsie. Bias distorts the significance of the findings in the study in a systematic way which most times arises from the design method used. So, the researcher needs to be focused and alert because research can be introduced at any time in the study and also be aware of the different sources of possible bias. Sources like selection bias can affect who is placed in a particular group. This selection bias is reduced when researchers use random selection to place participants in groups (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Another source of bias is when the researcher knows who receives what intervention especially in randomized control trials. To minimize the bias reported from the author the authors should not be aware, it is called double blinded or triple blinded-when the person administering the intervention is not aware of who is in what group (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). There are biases due to not following up with the participants especially when they drop out and not reporting it as such. There is also contamination bias. This is when the participants in the control group are exposed to the intervention of the experimental group (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). There are also the cross-cultural measurement invariances that occur from with different cultural languages leading to culture bias, translation bias and comprehension bias. All these three are intertwined because there could be different cultural groups hence the culture, comprehension, and translation bias (CCT) procedure tools are used to minimize the bias. This allows for the dissociation of the three cultural biases (Bader, Jobst, Zettler, Hilbig, & Moshagen, 2021).
References:
Bader, M., Jobst, L. J., Zettler, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2021). Disentangling the effects of culture and language on measurement noninvariance in cross-cultural research: The culture, comprehension, and translation bias (CCT) procedure. Psychological Assessment, 33(5), 375-384. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000989
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. LWW.
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Nkiruka Mgbemena
Posted Date
Mar 19, 2022, 8:07 PM
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Bias is when there is undue favor for or against a particular thing, person or group in an unfair way while discounting the obvious truth of the others or by distorting the truth or discarding the facts as presented either personally or in academic research (Oxford Dictionary, 2019). In any research, bias can happen at any time. This is when there is an error in the systematic way used to conduct the research. Such as in the study design, data collection, sampling, interventions, experiments and controls, as well as in analyzing and the reporting of results (Enago Academy, 2021). Bias is one of the reasons that research is not valid, it reduces the credibility and accuracy of the researcher. Some researchers include their personal beliefs which influences their methods hence they become impartial (Enago Academy, 2021). Most qualitative research is prone to emotional biases especially in the social, political, religious and psychological fields as compared to the scientific fields that deals with numbers and statistics (Enago Academy, 2021). There are different types of Biases starting with the design bias, data collection with selecting of samples and participants, analyzing the data, process bias and publication bias (Enago Academy, 2021). There are also other types of biases in research such as race bias, social class bias and gender bias (Alcalde-Rubio, Hernández-Aguado, Parker, Bueno-Vergara, & Chilet-Rosell, 2020). So, to reduce the possibility of bias in research, the researcher should be aware of themselves totally, widen their range of possibilities and sample participants, and be careful of choice of vocabulary (Enago Academy, 2021). There is also the observation bias known as the Hawthorne effect-when participants know that they are being observed by the researcher, they change their answers or behavior, confirmation bias- the researcher looks only for information or patterns to confirm their ideas while recall bias is when participants recall events which may be recalled in a distorted form (MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow. (n.d.).
A quality improvement DPI project could be affected if they do not meet the comprehensive standard for inclusion in the research. Some DPI projects did not state a clear evidence gap and may involve so many different settings participants from different age ranges and then they end up not fully describing the implementation process or the implementation is not appropriate for all the age groups. Some did not fully describe their methods, intensity of activities of the participants or the implementers or the involvement of the site all that can lead to bias of the research. The credibility of the site will be affected and they may lose their accreditations and licenses. Also, patients may not want to go to that site any longer (Wells, Tamir, Gray, Naidoo, Bekhit, & Goldmann, 2018).
The article, Association between gender and stoke recurrence in ischemic stroke patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis by Chen, Weng, Wu, & Huang, (2021) illustrates some of the biases that can discredit any research. In this article, a total of 372 participants were used of which 273 were males and only 99 were females. I feel that the ratio of males to females is a gender bias for the researcher to conclude that the male gender had a higher rate of increased risk for stroke recurrence compared to the female gender. It the number for both was comparable then the readers may be willing to accept this research. Also, the article points out that some gender differences that was conducted in other research was pointed out but the article still remained confusing. Another bias is the sample size is small to conclude that the prevalence of stroke recurrence is higher in males-which may be caused by smoking in males-than females. Also, they had some unmeasured confounders that may have influenced their conclusions. This bias has led them to propose the need for aggressive treatments for males and females may be treated casually which may lead to serious injuries for the females. I believe that this bias has affected the validity of the research because the sample size is not representative of the entire groups of males or females. It could still be viable research for my DPI project because I will look at what worked or not and attempt to improve on it (Chen, Weng, Wu, & Huang, 2019).
References:
Alcalde-Rubio, L., Hernández-Aguado, I., Parker, L. A., Bueno-Vergara, E., & Chilet-Rosell, E. (2020). Gender disparities in clinical practice: Are there any solutions? Scoping review of interventions to overcome or reduce gender bias in clinical practice. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01283-4
Chen, C., Weng, W., Wu, C., & Huang, W. (2019). Association between gender and stoke recurrence in ischemic stroke patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 67, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2019.06.021
Enago Academy. (2021, April 28). Dealing with bias in academic research. https://www.enago.com/academy/dealing-with-bias-in-academic-research/
Oxford Dictionary. (2019, September 16). Bias. Oxford Languages | The Home of Language Data. https://www.oxforddictionaries.com
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow. (n.d.). Understanding health research · Common sources of bias. https://www.understandinghealthresearch.org/useful-information/common-sources-of-bias-2
Wells, S., Tamir, O., Gray, J., Naidoo, D., Bekhit, M., & Goldmann, D. (2018). Are quality improvement collaboratives effective? A systematic review. BMJ Quality & Safety, 27(3), 226-240. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006926
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Angela Zafke
replied toNkiruka Mgbemena
Mar 20, 2022, 11:28 AM
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Nkiruka,
Very thoughtful post regarding bias. The explanation for the different types of bias was comprehension with a relevant application to the stroke study. As you stated, it is vital for the researcher to be aware of personal beliefs. Research is performed based on a hypothesis. If not careful, it can be easy to look for only research that supports the hypothesis and discount or discredit research opposing the hypothesis, which would lead to bias. There is an inherent risk for this bias as it can overestimate the effect or clinical importance of an intervention (Hasenboehler, et al., 2007). This is seen in different areas of health research. Gadde et al. (2018) found in dental research, positive results were more likely published compared to neutral or negative results. As DNP students researching and conducting a quality improvement project, this is an important consideration. Neutral and negative results are still results and are important to consider as advancing knowledge even if it is not in the direction it was initially intended.
References
Gadde, P., Penmetsa, G. & Rayalla, K. (2018). Do dental research journals publish on positive results? A retrospective assessment of publication bias. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 22 (4), 294-297. Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_60_18
Hasenboehler, E. A., Choudhry, I. K., Newman, J. T., Smith, W. R., Ziran, B. H. & Stahel, P. F. (2007). Bias towards publishing positive results in orthopedic and general surgery: a patient safety issue? Patient Safety in Surgery, 1. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-9493-1-4
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Elsie Nlerum
replied toNkiruka Mgbemena
Mar 20, 2022, 12:43 PM
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Hello Nkiruka,
Thanks for your post. You listed types of biases in research such as race bias, social bias. Looking at it from the perceptive of rendering care to our patients, bias and discrimination occur at both the interpersonal and the institutional level of healthcare. Bias can lead to people receiving poor treatment, receiving inaccurate diagnoses, or experiencing delays in diagnosis. It can also lead to stress, which can worsen health conditions. Healthcare professionals should provide impartial care to every patient. However, some people may receive varying levels of care as a result of the biases of healthcare staff and medical researchers. A person should always receive good healthcare, regardless of personal characteristics, identities, or traits such as race or gender. Unfortunately, certain implicit biases exist in healthcare. These can have detrimental effects on the quality of healthcare a person receives (Arpey, N. C., et al. (2017).
Reference
Arpey, N. C., et al. (2017). How socioeconomic status affects patient perceptions of health care: A qualitative study.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150131917697439
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Patricia Etheridge
replied toNkiruka Mgbemena
Mar 20, 2022, 4:47 PM
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Hi Nkiruka,
Good post and nice catch on how the data did not reflect the entire population. Bia definitely can affect validity. Take care, Dr. Etheridge
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Audimar Bugayong
replied toNkiruka Mgbemena
Mar 22, 2022, 11:25 PM
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Hi Nkiruka,
I agree that bias is one of the main reasons why studies are not valid, credible, and accurate. According to McSweeney (2021), bias can derive from many aspects including motivation. McSweeney (2021) explains that motivation can drive researchers to outcomes they desire or are leaning towards. Bias should be eliminated from studies as it can lead to false results, wasted resources, and patient harm in the clinical setting. The goal of the DPI project is to implement a process that will ultimately improve outcomes. This will not be attainable if supporting data was used where bias was present, as the accuracy and efficiency of the project can be compromised. As DNP learners, screening appropriate articles and studies is crucial to a successful project. In addition, bias should also be eliminated when conducting the DPI project as it can be present unconsciously (McSweeney, 2021).
Reference:
McSweeney, B. (2021). Fooling ourselves and others: Confirmation bias and the trustworthiness of qualitative research. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34 (5), 1063–1075. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2021-0117
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Tommie Wood
Posted Date
Mar 19, 2022, 2:40 PM
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Replies to Elsie Nlerum
Bias, standard point of view, or personal prejudice that can influence actions and takes away from true results. Biases may be implicit. When researchers don’t follow specific protocols and methodologies, implicit biases may affect interpretations. Research bias sometimes occurs when the participant’s characteristics differ from the population (Grove, et al., 2013) (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021). To decrease the chances of bias in research, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) suggests consistent use of quality, quantity, and consistency to evaluate data and decrease biases. (West et al, 2002) (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021)
Quality improvement projects are affected negatively if bias is shown. The validity of the research will be poor and research outcomes not reliable. Awareness of the process of quantitative research will help in ensuring quality improvement projects are valid. Answering the following questions will help determine and aid in avoidance bias in studies through interpreting and evaluating quantitative evidence:
It is necessary when evaluating literature for quantitative studies to ask the following questions, “Is the study valid? Is the study reliable? and Is the study applicable in the identified case?” (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021)
Providing the project site with biased information would decrease the validity of the information provided. It would cause questions in the process, does the site want to implement a biased study. The ability to decrease chances of a biased study ensures the sampling strategy is well planned and followed, use of random assignments to groups, use of gender-neutral questionnaires and surveys, and understanding variables (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021). Other questions to know are, “why was the study done?”, how was the sample size determined? how was the data analyzed, and how does the study compare with others?” (Melnyk & Fineout0Overholt, 2015) (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021)
The article, A Systematic Review of Interventions to Minimize Transportation Barriers Among People with Chronic Diseases is a for social determinants of health in relation to transportation and the effects it has on the Medicaid population. Potential factors for bias in the following study,
Confounding variables happens when a third variable, either known or unknown produces the relationship with the outcome instead of the research intervention itself. Or when comparing two groups that may be different in additional ways from the treatment being studied. Randomizing participants to either the intervention or study groups help to eliminate. (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021)
Studies support the need to expand transportation options to help members overcome barriers to equitable quality healthcare. In 2018, the Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services expanded supplemental health care benefits to include access to care. (Starbird, DiMaina, et al, 2019). Combating social determinants of health is instrumental in improving healthcare. Getting patients to their appointments, ensuring the ability to obtain medication refills are important in managing your healthcare.
The article used a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature, the study was reviewed inherently by using randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, and cohort study. The article has potential for bias on the fact that the study consisted of methodological challenges, high attrition rates, true randomization did not apply in several of the trials, the study designs precluded blinding intervention status, and the inability to determine if a participant received care that was not captured. (Starbird, DiMaina, et. Al, 2019). Although this is a good article and provides information that will lead to other articles and information, I’m not sure that it meets all requirements for a nonbiased reliable article.
Starbird, L. E., DiMaina, C., Sun, C.-A., & Han, H.-R. (2019). A systematic review of interventions to minimize transportation barriers among people with chronic diseases. Journal of Community Health, 44(2), 400–411. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0572-3
Zaccagnini, M. E., & Pechacek, J. M. (2021). The doctor of nursing practice essentials: A new model for advanced practice nursing (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13:
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Patricia Etheridge
replied toTommie Wood
Mar 20, 2022, 4:50 PM
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Hi Tommie,
Good post, most importantly that when researchers do not follow protocols and policies, this definitely makes the research affects the reliability and validity. I relate this all back to the design choice, as the design dictates the research process used. Take care, Dr. Etheridge
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Elsie Nlerum
replied toTommie Wood
Mar 21, 2022, 8:00 PM
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Hello Tommie,
Nice post, you are right that bias may be implicit. An implicit bias is an unconscious association, belief, or attitude toward any social group. Due to implicit biases, people may often attribute certain qualities or characteristics to all members of a particular group, a phenomenon known as stereotyping. Healthcare workers may explicitly endorse certain values, such as inclusivity, but may hold an unconscious bias that does not align with these values. A common example of implicit bias is favoring or being more receptive to familiar-sounding names than those from other cultural groups. Implicit bias does not mean that inclusivity is not one of the values. It means that one is not aware of how implicit bias can impact some actions and decisions (Ruhl, C, 2020). While people might like to believe that they are not susceptible to these biases and stereotypes, the reality is that everyone engages in them whether they like it or not.
Reference
Ruhl, C. (2020, July 01). Implicit or unconscious bias. Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/implicit-bias.html
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Audimar Bugayong
Posted Date
Mar 19, 2022, 8:07 AM
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Replies to Elsie Nlerum
Personal bias refers to an individual’s inclination on a subject matter that is based on their opinion. These can be based on an individual’s feelings, experiences, and opinions. In the same line, research bias occurs when researchers skew processes towards the desired research outcome (Oberlader et al., 2021). This can occur when researchers are favorable of a particular outcome and drive data towards such results. Altogether, bias leads to poor judgment, validity issues, false results, and poor outcomes.
With this, quality improvement projects such as the DPI project can be affected if the research uses has bias. Such research articles should support our DPI projects and support outcomes, but if bias is present, it may lead to different results (Varpio et al, 2021). For instance, in the study done by Ramer et al (2016), VeinVeiwers were used to validate if intravenous access attempts and procedure times would decrease while patient and nurse satisfaction decreased. Nurse satisfaction can go both ways if bias was present; some users may be favorable and more proficient in using the device while others are not. This can overall affect the end results and may not be favorable to support the DPI project. Such bias can also affect the site in multiples ways. In the above study, the site can potentially be affected financially as VeinVeiwers are costly if the organization decides to provide the device to all the units. After reviewing the article, it is still viable to my DPI project as such bias was not prominent in the study.
References
Oberlader, V. A., Quinten, L., Banse, R., Volbert, R., Schmidt, A. F., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2021). Validity of content‐based techniques for credibility assessment—How telling is an extended meta‐analysis taking research bias into account? Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 35(2),393–410. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/acp.3776
Ramer, L., Hunt, P., Ortega, E., Knowlton, J., Briggs, R., & Hirokawa, S. (2016). Effect of intravenous (IV) assistive device (VeinViewer) on IV access attempts, procedural time, and patient and nurse satisfaction. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 33(4), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043454215600425
Varpio, L., O’Brien, B., Rees, C. E., Monrouxe, L., Ajjawi, R., & Paradis, E. (2021). The applicability of generalisability and bias to health professions education’s research. Medical
Education, 55(2),
167–173. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/medu.14348
Your post was insightful. Maintaining a DASH diet and increasing the intake of individual nutrients such as very low sodium and potassium and lifestyle modification such as weight loss significantly reduces blood pressure and the incidence of cardio-metabolic diseases. Besides hypertension, Song et al. (2021) note that the DASH diet can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The researchers state that dietary factors are the main contributors to the incidences of these chronic diseases. The study further found that China has the highest diet-related CVD mortality globally. The study indicated that the high mortality is linked to high sodium intake and inadequate intake of whole grains and fruits.
Moreover, proper nutrition, specifically a diet rich in vitamin D, is pivotal in growth and muscle development. Vitamin D plays a monumental role in regulating the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body. The mentioned nutrients ensure that the bones, teeth, and muscles are healthy and strong. A diet deficient in vitamin D may lead to bone deformities such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults (Song et al., 2021). Due to the critical role of vitamin D in promoting health, the government advises individuals to take daily vitamin d supplements, especially during winter. Sources of vitamin d include omega-3 fatty acids, red meat, liver, and fortified foods such as breakfast cereals.
The DNP can utilize the information to develop policies to ensure mechanisms are in place to prevent diet-related diseases. According to the study by Evans, China has the highest diet-related deaths worldwide. Consequently, the information about the correlation between nutrition and diseases will help the nurse ensure that preventive measures are in place to curb the menace. Additionally, the information will enable the nurse to provide safe and evidence-based nursing. Koehler et al. (2019) note that properly trained nurses ensure that treatment costs are reduced threefold. DPN is knowledgeable and well equipped; thus he/she is to educate and guide patients and their families on how to utilize nutrition to manage and prevent some diseases (Koehler et al., 2019)
References
Song, Y., Lobene, A. J., Wang, Y., & Hill Gallant, K. M. (2021). The DASH Diet and Cardio-metabolic Health and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review of the Evidence in East Asian Countries. Nutrients, 13(3), 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030984
Koehler, K., & Drenowatz, C. (2019). Integrated Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity for Lifelong Health. Nutrients, 11(7), 1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071437