NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

Walden University NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

In previous Discussions and Applications, you have explored various aspects of health information technology systems: the historic development of HIT, how data flows across HIT systems, and standards and interoperability requirements including specific terminologies used in your practice setting. In this Application Assignment, you will have the opportunity to further develop your analysis skills by closely examining the implementation of a health information technology system. As a doctorally prepared nurse, you may find yourself in the position of leading a HIT project team; to be an effective leader and move health information technology projects forward in your organization, you must be able to logically and critically analyze the many aspects and challenges of implementing such a system and then present your insights in a succinct and professional manner. This exercise provides an opportunity to hone those skills.

This article reviews patients’ actions reflected by carrying out medication lists to diminish information loss from health care settings and identifying support for patient safety. The study reveals priorities for improving medication safety in primary care by addressing incomplete medication reconciliation. The strength of the study is reflected by the empowerment and confidentiality inspired to patients by involvement in medication management, increasing their dignity and self-esteem level, evidencing a form of resilience in nursing practice. Patient-held medication lists may be helpful for information transfer in emergency situations when communication is altered. Patient-held medication lists assist with taking medications, reordering, monitoring health care conditions, or tracking the efficiency of medications. The weakness of the study is reflected by possible disconnections between the information needs by health care professionals and the information being kept by patients who carried medication lists. Another limitation of the study is interviewing more females than males who carried a medication list, and the procedure suggests that more females carry a medication list than males and may reflect an inaccurate practice (Garfield et al., 2020).

The location of this medical service framework is in Georgia. The framework involves a total of six healing centers spread across Georgia, including more than one hundred areas for care provision. However, the anchor health care facility is located in Atlanta. The anchor health facility, which has a bed capacity of 488 was established over 100 years ago, and is serving as a private and non-revenue focused organization. Currently, the facility is among the top acute-care community health care settings and is rated among the best five facilities with outstanding patient outcomes. Besides, the facility has over 1,000 physicians that offer different care in areas such as cancer, transplant, women services, cardiac, nervous system science, and orthopedic.

The first setting is the physicians group. The physicians group is renowned as the pioneer of the multi-site practice in America acknowledged as patient-centered medical home. As such, the Health Care Incentives Improvement Institute recognized this facility as the first accountable care organization (ACO) in Georgia. The other health care facility is a 189 bed capacity community hospital which is credited by Health grades as one of the finest 50 hospitals in America. Cumulatively, the other hospitals constitute a 215 bed capacity community hospital, a 136 bed capacity community hospital, a 97 bed capacity hospital, and a 52-bed capacity community hospital. Taken together, there are more than 2620 physicians across these hospitals. Moreover, the physicians’ group has more than 170 physicians across Georgia (Piedmont Healthcare website, 2016). The organization is keen on innovation and has developed a telehealth technology which has been extensively used to reach remote areas. This project considerably relied on the perspective of Y. Brook who is the Director of Inpatient Coding for the above organization. Given the crucial position Brook is holding in the organization, the project expect to gain significant insights about the progress the organization has made regarding the clinical documentation and coding of the patient record. The 3M 360 CAC utilizing natural language processing for CDIS and coding software was implemented for a period of six months with the official launching in May 2015. The implementation involved training on aspect of enhancing clinical documentation to realize the requirements of ICD-10-CM/PCS.

In order to have more affordable and quality healthcare, disruptive innovations need to take place. It involves using technologies to become more efficient (Townsend, 2013). For healthcare systems to implement new health information technology (HIT) the use of the systems development life cycle is used. The system development life cycle includes five stages, planning, design, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation (Laureate Education, 2011).

The healthcare system had five regional cancer centers all using the same electronic health record (EHR). The system had been implemented in 2005, and had undergone two upgrades to the system. The maintenance phase in the system development life cycle includes be aware of the new business needs, and refining the system to meet those needs (Dennis, Wixom, & Roth, 2012). The physicians were proficient in CPOE and all orders were entered electronically. The cancer center had an outpatient clinic, surgery, infusion center, and inpatient settings all using the EHR. Patients moved between levels of care frequently between levels of care, and the need became apparent that electronic reconciliation of medications needed to be implemented. In the Institute of Medicine’s Report, To Err is Human, recommendations were made for organizations to use CPOE, bar code medication administration and medication reconciliation to increase patient safety and reduce medication errors (To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, 2000). The healthcare system had also implemented bar coded medication administration, but had never moved on to medication reconciliation using the EHR. The project was identified by the physicians within the cancer center. Patient due to their changes of condition were moving from the outpatient to inpatient units. The manual reconciliation for a patient at discharge from inpatient status was taking a physician at least two hours and mistakes were being made due to the manual process. I was director of clinical informatics for the hospital, and the chief hospitalist brought it to my attention. Together we coordinated a meeting with the chief hospitalists and informatics directors at the other four hospitals to gain consensus. The group created an enhancement request to take to the governance committee for information systems. The request was initially denied due to other projects currently prioritized.

In this situation, the physician and nursing leaders brought the new business need to the information systems (IS) department were willing to support the HIT project, but the IS department felt there was a shortage of resources to implement the medication reconciliation project (Szydlowski & Smith, 2009). To make change in an environment it is necessary to have support of by stakeholders who can influence the project outcome. It can be done through formal influence such at the executive team, and by informal influence of key stakeholders who may have influence conferred by their peers (Coplan & Masuda, 2011). The physicians supported their chief hospitalist and as a part of the medical leadership committee voted for the implementation of medication reconciliation. The chief hospitalist, the chief medical officer, and the chief surgeon aligned with the directors of clinical informatics to address the executive team at each hospital. Statistics had been gathered to show the waste of physician hours to manually reconcile the medications and the potential safety errors. The chief operating officer at each hospital sits on the IS governance board. Each hospital executive team agreed and voted that the medication reconciliation module needed to be the top priority for the organization, and trumped other projects. There was a meeting of the IS governance committee the next month, and the medication reconciliation was prioritized to be the next implementation. It then took six months to go through the system development life cycle to get to the go-love of the HIT.

Before implementing new HIT, the need for the new technology must be recognized. HIT that is in the maintenance phase should be evaluated to see if there are new business needs and is it meeting those needs (Laureate Education, 2011). The hospitalist recognized they were not using the HIT efficiently, when the patients were moving to different levels of care. And in this instance, it was the influence and perseverance of the key stakeholders, the physicians, that impacted the implementation of the medication reconciliation module.

References

Coplan, S., & Masuda, D. (2011). Change mangement Project management for healthcare information technology (pp. 193-237). New York, NY: McGrawHill Companies.

Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Roth, R. M. (2012). Transition to the new system Systems Analysis & Design (5th ed., pp. 471-501). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley& Sons, Inc.

Laureate Education, I. (Producer). (2011). Transforming nursing and healthcare through technology: Systems analysis.

Szydlowski, S., & Smith, C. (2009). Perspectives From Nurse Leaders and Chief Information Officers on Health Information Technology Implementation.Hospital Topics, 87(1), 3-9. doi:10.3200/HTPS.87.1.3-9

To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. (2000). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Townsend, J. C. (2013). Disruptive innovation: A prescription for better healthcare. Forbes, 5. Retrieved from Forbes website: http://www.forbes.com/

Carefully review the project requirements below and plan your time accordingly. Be sure to refer to the standards of nursing informatics practice as you develop this Application, which serves as your Major Assessment for this course.

To prepare:

Investigate a health information technology system or health information technology application in your area of interest. The health information technology system/application may be in any setting where health care information is developed or managed. You may choose your system or application from any organization or virtual environment.
- Examples of health information technology systems or health information technology applications that are acceptable include but are not limited to:
  - Consumer health applications
  - Clinical information systems
  - Electronic medical record (EMR) systems in hospitals or provider offices
  - Home health care applications
  - School health applications
  - Patient portal/personal health record
  - Public health information systems
  - Telehealth (i.e., from facility to home)
  - Simulation laboratories
  - Health care informatics research and development centers
Discuss your proposed health information technology system/application with your Instructor before proceeding with your final selection. You may visit a health care organization in person or virtually in order to make your final choice about the health information technology system or health information technology application of interest.
Choose the best strategy to gain information about your selected information technology system/application. Some ways to gather information include virtual visits; vendor demonstrations; on-site visits; interviews via face-to-face, phone, or teleconference. You must conduct at least one interview for this project.
Complete a literature search to gather information about your selected information technology system. You may also need to review related scholarly articles to help answer the questions presented below.

NOTE: In your submitted report, do not share proprietary information, personal names, or organization names without permission.

NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

To complete:

Your deliverable is a 12- to 15-page scholarly report, not counting the title page or references. A successful report should leave the reader with confidence in understanding the answers to all the questions listed below. Graphics may be used to illustrate key points.

Organization Information

Briefly describe the health information technology system/application and the organization type (hospital, clinic, public health agency, health care software company, government health information website, private virtual health information site, etc.).
Is the health information technology system/application clinical, administrative, educational, or research related?
What were the key reasons for the development of this health information technology system/application, i.e., what made the organization believe this system/application was needed? How did this organization determine those needs? Did the organization use specific tools to conduct needs assessments, staff opinions, or workflows?
How did the organization determine that this specific system/application could fulfill its predetermined needs?
Who manages this health information technology system/application and where are they located within the organization’s administrative structure?

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

The personal health records (PHRs) approach involves patients’ health planning, patients correlate with their providers with interest in their health to engage in self-evaluation of their health which can positively impact the patient life (Wagner et al., 2010). PHR creates a collaboration with healthcare professionals to electronically share health information to patients for better control in their health management. Therefore, empowered patients to improve their health outcomes. The organization contains legal policies that guide the practice and PHR software to protect patients’ personal health information, provide patients with safety and facilitate the effectiveness of health care delivery (Reti et al., 2010).

Motivation to maintain PHRs

PHR is a patient health portal created to facilitate communication between patients and their health professionals (Reti et al., 2010). Education of the system utility and importance of the system access to improve their care by connected with the healthcare professionals and valuable information. PHR provides patients with the flexibility to access healthcare information online at home, 24/7 access to their personal medical information. PHR provides patients with medical knowledge which can influence lifestyle changes and improve health conditions. The activation is user-friendly, easy steps of registration, it includes access to share and obtains the medical records.

factors may deter individuals from signing up for PHR service?

Lack of confidence in sharing private information online, unknown of whom may have access to their personal information. Illiteracy of electronic utility ability may also provide an obstacle in accessing PHR. PHR creates patient-centered care to benefit and design to protect patients’ information. Educate the patients to assure of the system’s safety with the organizational policies and legal impact protecting patient’s health and privacy (Reti et al., 2010).

Personal Information Security

PHR provides a secure personal message, stores patients’ health personal information in collaboration with clinicians’ input and their recorded health data. The system is legally provided patients with health data privacy, respect, and patient values (Reti et al., 2010). The health instructions promote patient self-health educations on their personal health records for everyday health decision making. PHR software is the health technology access that provides the patients with flexibility to obtain information and focus on their care needs (Reti et al., 2010).

PHRs influence patients’ health outcomes.

PHR access creates benefits of direct involvement and continuity of patient medical health information and contribution to the therapeutic regiment to self-health management and is part of their health decision making which will benefit patient well-being.

References

Reti, S. R., Feldman, H. J., Ross, S. E., & Safran, C. (2010). Improving personal health records for patient-centered care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 17(2), 192-195.

Stewart, S., Hansen, T. S., & Carey, T. A. (2010). Opportunities for people with disabilities in the virtual world of second life. Rehabilitation Nursing, 35(6), 254- 259.

Wagner, P. J., Howard, S. M., Bentley, D. R., Seol, Y., & Sodomka, P. (2010). Incorporating patient perspectives into the personal health record: Implications for care and caring. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 7(Fall), 1- 12.

Information System Application Design and Development

Many health care systems have multiple independent entities that work together toward the common goal of providing high-quality care. How did—and do—the various stakeholders make decisions related to this health information technology system/application? Were the end users involved in the development of this health information technology system/application?
How are individuals trained to use the health information technology system/application?
How are security issues addressed? How does this health information technology system/application support a legally sound health care record?
Where did initial funds for this health information technology system/application come from?
Who manages the budget for this health information technology system/application?
Have organizational or political issues impacted the ongoing funding for this health information technology system/application?
What are the arrangements for planned or unplanned downtime?
How are health information technology system/application upgrades scheduled or planned?
How has the health information technology system/application changed in response to health care reform and related legislation?
What suggestions could you make regarding changes needed to support health care reform and related legislation?

Innovative Aspects of the System

How does the health information technology system/application utilize technology innovations?
What technology innovations would you recommend for this organization? What innovations presented in this course, or found through your own research, could this organization benefit from?
What innovations could further promote evidence-based practice and efficiency within this organization?

End Product

Your report is a scholarly paper and needs to include a minimum of 10 citations from peer-reviewed journals. Every statement made in a scholarly report must be supported by a reference. Be very cautious when stating your opinion, or using terms suggesting absolute

NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment Health Information Technology Project

facts, or values, as these must be supported by references. Note that textbooks, including the course texts, are composed of information cited from other sources (see the reference section in the course textbooks). With this in mind, there should be an adequate number of appropriate references (a minimum of 10). Please note that primary sources are to be used. Peer-reviewed journal articles should make up the bulk of your references (90%). If referring to a book, be sure to include all information in APA style, including specific page numbers when necessary. Note that an article referred to in a book is a secondary source. More on this topic is available in the APA Publication Manual and in the Walden Writing Center. See also “Policies on Academic Honesty” listed at the Walden website.

A superior paper demonstrates breadth and depth of knowledge, and critical thinking appropriate for doctoral level scholarship. The report must follow APA Publication Manual guidelines (7th edition) and be free of typographical, spelling, and grammatical errors. This Application is the Major Assessment for this course. You will submit this document by Day 7 of Week 9.

By Day 7 of Week 9

Final Report: 12- to 15-page scholarly report is to be submitted.

Also Read: NURS 8210 Discussion Week 5 Nursing and Health Care Informatics Ethics and the Law

Grading Criteria

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Document: Week 9 Major Assessment 5 Rubric (Word document)

Health Information Technology Project Evaluation

Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

DNP Essential: 4

4: Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Health Care

Health information technologies have transformed significantly the provision of healthcare services in the modern world. Healthcare organizations embrace new technologies on a regular basis with the aim of enhancing the safety, quality, and efficiency of their patient care. The realization of such goals in care process contributes to improved organizational performance, competitiveness, and trust by the healthcare consumers. Healthcare providers play a pivotal role in facilitating the implementation of new health information systems in their organizations. They provide insights into the system needs of the technologies they need to enhance patient care and explore evidence-based data to support its use. Healthcare organizations can embrace different types of technologies to enhance their service provision. One of such technologies is telehealth. Therefore, this research paper explores telehealth, as a technology adopted in the practice site to enhance the quality, safety and efficiency of patient care. The paper explores aspects that include organization information, information system application, design and development, and innovative aspects of telehealth system use in the organization.

Organization Information

Description of the System

The selected health information system is telehealth. Telehealth is a technology used in delivering and facilitating health as well as health related services such as medical care and patient education through digital communication and telecommunication technologies. The technology is also applicable for use in the delivery of healthcare services such as self-care, provider education, and health information services through digital communication and telecommunications technologies (Tuckson et al., 2017). The examples of telehealth technologies utilized in healthcare include liver video conferencing, electronic transmission of patient data, remote patient monitoring, and mobile health applications.

Telehealth technology has different modalities that that enable the healthcare providers and patients to interact in the care delivery process. The modalities include synchronous, asynchronous, and remote patient monitoring. Synchronous entails the real-time live audio-video interactions that are possible with telehealth system. Asynchronous refers to the store and forward technology that enables the transmission and interpretation of images, messages, and data (Tuckson et al., 2017). Cumulatively, synchronous and asynchronous anchor the remote monitoring of the patient status through the transmission of clinical data from a distance.

The organization type where the selected technology is being utilized is a hospital setting. The hospital uses the technology to provide remote care to its patients suffering from chronic illnesses. It uses it to ensure that patients receive timely care that minimizes the risk of adverse events in disease management. The organization also uses the technology as part of its approaches to enhancing care coordination. Through telehealth, the hospital has been able to provide patient-centered care that enhances their level of satisfaction with care and their empowerment.

Type of the Health Information Technology System

Telehealth is both clinical, educational, and research related system. Accordingly, telehealth can be used for clinical purposes. It is used in providing remote monitoring of patients. Healthcare providers and patients interact through the system to explore the response to treatment and need for additional interventions. Healthcare providers also use telehealth to facilitate remote inter-professional collaboration. Different healthcare providers can work together in patient care through methods such as teleconferencing. The remote inter-professional collaboration ensures that patients receive the best care that addresses their actual and potential health related needs (Lurie & Carr, 2018). Examples of the ways in which telehealth is used in clinical practice includes remote management of chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and depression.

Telehealth system is also an educational application. Healthcare organizations adopt telehealth systems for patient and provider education. Healthcare providers offer education remotely to patients using the telehealth system. They educate patients about lifestyle and behavioral interventions that can be used to improve the health outcomes of their patients. They also use it to empower them on the self-care interventions used to minimize the need for hospital visits and hospitalizations (Young & Schneider, 2020). Examples of the ways in which telehealth is utilized in the education of patients includes patient education on the self-care management of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and recurrent conditions such as asthma. The delivery of education to patients through telehealth minimizes the costs incurred in travelling for physical encounter with the healthcare providers (Rush et al., 2018). Telehealth is also utilized in clinical research. Telehealth technologies such as mHealth technologies have been explored for use in improving treatment adherence among patients. They have also been explored for use in promoting sustained lifestyle and behavioral modifications in patients with conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease (Döğer et al., 2019). Therefore, the research outcomes inform the clinical practice of nursing.

Reasons for Technology Adoption

The hospital developed telehealth technology for use in the management of patients with chronic conditions due to a number of reasons. One of the reasons was to prevent and minimize unnecessary hospital visits by patients with chronic conditions. Patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease comprise the majority of individuals with the highest utilization of care services in the US. The statistics from the US shows that about 30% of the emergency visits by patients with chronic illnesses are unnecessary. The unnecessary visits cost the patients, hospitals and health organizations about $8.3 billion on an annual basis (Castellucci, 2019). The leading conditions that cause unnecessary visits to hospitals include hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and behavioral health conditions such as substance abuse and mental health issues (Sarkies et al., 2020). Therefore, the hospital adopted the technology to prevent and minimize unnecessary hospital visits and hospitalizations for patients with chronic illnesses.

The other reason that led to the adoption of telehealth system in the organization was to reduce healthcare costs that patients with chronic illnesses incur. Telehealth eliminates the need for unnecessary hospital visits as well as travelling by patients. Through it, patients incur minimal costs in managing their conditions, leading to cost-efficiency in the care process. Telehealth also eliminates the risk of adverse events in chronic conditions (McGrowder et al., 2021). For example, the timely engagement of the patients with their healthcare providers ensures that symptoms of adverse events in chronic conditions are identified and managed in a timely manner. As a result, it ensures safety, quality and efficiency in chronic disease management.

The organization also adopted telehealth system to enhance the level of patient engagement. Accordingly, telehealth technology enables patients to take enhanced control over their health and wellbeing. Telehealth systems such as educational videos and health management applications provide patients with informed knowledge and skills for the effective management of their chronic health problems. They also empower the patients to take action for their health problems through initiatives such as physical activity to lose weight and gain the emotional support that they need (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). Patients are also able to undertake other activities such as scheduling their appointment, secure online portals for communication, and interact with their patients, hence, enhanced patient engagement to achieve outcomes such as satisfaction and empowerment.

A number of things made the organization believe that telehealth system would work in enhancing chronic disease management in the organization. One of them was evidence-based data. The organization involved its healthcare providers such as nurse practitioners and physicians in undertaking systematic analysis of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth in chronic disease management. The analysis showed that telehealth could enhance the safety, quality and efficiency of patient care, thereby informing its adoption (Lillicrap et al., 2021). The other thing that made the hospital believe that telehealth would work was evidence from other organizations in the region. Most of the hospitals in the region were successfully adopting telehealth systems for chronic disease management. Therefore, it considered its use to maintain and improve its competitiveness in the industry.

The organization determined the need for telehealth using a number of indicators. One of them was the efficiency of operations in the hospital. The analysis of operational efficiency showed that the emergency department was overcrowded in most of the times. Overcrowding led to delays in service provision to patients with acute health needs and diversion of incoming referrals. A further analysis showed that almost 30% of the patients in the emergency department were those with chronic illnesses that did not need any emergency visits or services. Therefore, the hospital considered adopting telehealth to eliminate unnecessary emergency visits and overcrowding in the emergency department due to patients with chronic illnesses (Castellucci, 2019). The other indicator was the cost of care incurred by patients due to unnecessary hospital visits. Therefore, the indicators informed the need for the telehealth system in the hospital.

Sample Answer 4 for NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

Organization Information

Description of the System

Type of the Health Information Technology System

Reasons for Technology Adoption

Determining the System

The organization utilized a number of methods to determine if telehealth system could fulfill its pre-determined needs. One of the methods was piloting the use of telehealth in chronic disease management. The hospital implemented the use of telehealth system in chronic disease management in a sampled population of patients with chronic illnesses. It compared the findings with another group of patients that did not receive telehealth services. The two groups were followed for six months to determine the feasibility of telehealth system in chronic disease management. The analysis of data obtained from the two groups showed that telehealth reduced significantly the need for hospital visits and hospitalizations in the patients that received telehealth services. The data also showed a significant reduction in healthcare costs incurred by patients in the telehealth group. The level of engagement, empowerment and satisfaction with care in the telehealth group was also higher when compared to the usual care group (Baernholdt & Boyle, 2021). There was also a projected reduction in overcrowding in the emergency department with the use of the telehealth system. The other approach was the administration of surveys to the healthcare providers. The survey showed that healthcare providers were ready to implement the project for chronic disease management in the institution.

Management of the System

The information technology officers in the hospital manage the telehealth system. They ensure its optimal functioning to address the care needs of the patients and providers. They also provide the technical support that the healthcare providers need in utilizing the system (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2021). The information technology officers are located in the IT department in the administrative structure of the hospital.

Information System Application Design and Development

Making Decisions about the System

The organizational stakeholders were actively involved in making decisions related to the need for telehealth system in the organization. The stakeholders included nurses, physicians, nurse leaders and managers in the organization. They worked in collaboration in undertaking needs assessment in the organization to determine the relevance of telehealth system. They also worked actively in assessing, planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the effectiveness of the telehealth system in chronic disease management. Nurses and physicians were actively involved in making critical decisions related to the need for the system in the hospital. Their active involvement was critical in ensuring minimal resistance to change, empowerment, and sustained use of the system in the provision of care to patients with chronic illnesses (Ruiz Morilla et al., 2017). Open communication was also promoted to minimize misunderstanding between the stakeholders. Through the above processes, the adoption of telehealth system for use in the hospital was successful.

Training

The use of telehealth system requires that its users have the required knowledge and skills. The healthcare providers that included nurses and physicians were trained on the use of the system. The training focused on aspects such as scheduling sessions, interaction with patients, and developing educational tools such as videos for patients through the system. The training also focused on equipping them with knowledge and skills on the ways in which they can provide inter-professional care remotely to enhance the treatment outcomes for their patients. Training was important in this project, as it enhanced the adoption and use of the system in patient care (Ruiz Morilla et al., 2017). It also eliminated the potential of poor adoption and use of telehealth systems for chronic disease management by the healthcare providers.

Addressing Security Issues

Telehealth systems are prone to cyber-attacks that can lead to loss of data integrity. As a result, the hospital adopted a number of interventions to ensure security of the telehealth system was maintained. One of the interventions that were adopted is securing its remote devices as well as network access tools. The hospital deployed tools having appropriate security levels by ensuring that all the systems had software for protecting against viruses and malaware. The devices also supported software updates to ensure the installation of patches that filled security gaps (Stone, 2017). The internet used for delivering telehealth services was also protected with two-factor authentication and strong passwords to eliminate infiltration of the systems by third parties.

The second strategy that the hospital utilized was training its healthcare providers on the use of the telehealth system. The staffs were trained on the different ways in which data could be lost and the strategies that they needed to avoid them. They were trained on the use of strategies such as not accessing unauthorized sites and opening suspicious emails, as they could threaten the integrity of data contained in the system. The other strategy the hospital has been using is undertaking system maintenance on a regular basis. System maintenance is effective in eliminating any potential risks that could lead to data loss (Camarines & Camarines, 2021).

The hospital also has in place security controls to ensure integrity of data in telehealth systems. The security controls include data encryption to lock data being transmitted electronically. Data encryption ensures that data is meaningless should cyber attackers access it. The other security control is the face-to-face distribution of telehealth devices and software to patients. This approach ensures that healthcare providers authenticate the devices as well as the identity of the users of the systems. As a result, it eliminates the introduction of security risks to potentially unsafe individuals (Bassan, 2020). The last strategy used in the hospital is abiding to regulations such as HIPAA provisions of health information use in healthcare. The hospital has implemented measures that align with legal provisions of HIPAA, hence the safety and security of the data.

Initial Funding

The hospital provided the initial funding of the telehealth systems for use in patient care. It used its surplus budget to support the project initiatives that led to the successful implementation of telehealth system in chronic disease management.

Management of the Budget

The finance department manages the budget for telehealth information system. It undertakes cost-benefit analysis of the system to ensure that it supports its intended purpose in the organization. It also provides regular feedback about the ways in which the hospital can optimize the use of telehealth in enhancing the care outcomes of patients with chronic conditions.

Organizational or Political Issues

Organizational issues affect the funding of the telehealth use in chronic disease management in the hospital. One of them is shortage of healthcare providers. Covid19 pandemic has placed immense pressure on healthcare organizations and systems. The pandemic has increased the number of patients seeking treatment services in the hospital (Monaghesh & Hajizadeh, 2020). The increase in care needs of the patients has not been in alignment with the workforce level of the hospital, leading to high workload for the healthcare providers. As a result, the organizational resources have been diverted from the provision of telehealth services to patients with chronic illnesses to addressing the needs of the high volume of patients and provider needs. The other organizational issue is changes in the priorities of the hospital. The hospital experiences a constant shift in its priorities, which may affect the funding for the use of telehealth in patient care (Baernholdt & Boyle, 2021). For example, an acute shortage of staffs often forces the hospital to use funds for telehealth in acquiring new staffs to address the care needs of its patients.

Arrangements for Planned or Unplanned Downtime

The hospital has put in place mechanisms to be adopted in case of planned or unplanned downtime with the use of the telehealth systems in chronic disease management. For the planned downtime, the hospital communicates it to the healthcare providers two weeks before the event. The communication aims at creating awareness and eliminating disruption of the organizational activities by the downtime. The early communication also prepares the staffs and patients that are likely to be affected by the downtime. It also enables them to consider the alternative plans to be adopted for continuity in patient care (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2021). For the unplanned downtime, the hospital has kept the contacts of critical individuals to be contacted to address the problem. It also prioritizes the use of conference calls among these individuals to enhance the coordination efforts for downtime minimization. The hospital also has a backup plan for the data to ensure minimal disruption in cases of prolonged unplanned downtime with the use of telehealth systems. The backup for data ensures that healthcare providers still have access to vital information that they need for planning, assessing, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of care given to the patients.

Scheduling of Information Technology System Upgrades

Telehealth systems should be upgraded on a regular basis to enhance their efficiency in patient care. Upgrading them also seals the loops that are likely to threaten system and data integrity. The upgrade of telehealth system used in the hospital is planned. The hospital notifies its members about the upcoming updates to minimize disruption of processes. Often, system upgrades occur after every six months to strengthen the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of the telehealth system.

Change in the Technology System in Response to Health Care Reform and Legislation

Healthcare reforms and legislations have an effect on the health information systems being used in healthcare. Healthcare reforms such as those related to HIPAA affect the nature of systems and improvements needed to achieve the desired safety outcomes in patient care. The hospital continually improves its systems to ensure that it abides with the HIPAA provisions (Lee et al., 2020). It has established a technical team involved in the regular assessment of system to ensure its optimum efficiency. It also develops policies guiding health information systems use in the organization that are revised on a regular basis to ensure it remains up-to-date with the changes in the legal aspects of care (Bhate et al., 2020). An example of a response by the hospital to needs of the meaningful use is enabling patients have access to their data via the telehealth systems. Therefore, the hospital has been responsive to changes in the health care reforms and legislations.

Suggestions

The suggestion that I would make regarding changed needed to support healthcare reforms and legislations is ensuring capacity development among healthcare providers. Healthcare providers play a critical role in implementing actions that align with reforms and legislations affecting telehealth use. As a result, it is critical for the hospital to ensure that healthcare providers are competent enough to facilitate successful transitions in health information systems in response to legislation and health care reforms. Interventions such as the provision of training opportunities for them are recommended (Monaghesh & Hajizadeh, 2020). The other suggestion is the need for the adoption of highly interoperable systems. Having highly interoperable systems will minimize the disruption of the organizational activities in cases of a shift in processes as a response to new legislation and healthcare reforms.

Innovative Aspects of the System

Utilization of Innovation

Telehealth system being used in the hospital utilizes technology innovations. One of the ways in which it utilizes technology innovations is that it not only substitutes hospital visits but also diagnosing and guiding the treatment of health problems too. Healthcare providers can use the system for telehealth consultation, patient assessment, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of treatments. The system also extends to enhancing the long-term management of chronic illnesses that need highly personalized and well-coordinated care (Döğer et al., 2019). The other way in which telehealth utilizes innovation can be seen from its continuous improvements in use in healthcare. Initially, telehealth was developed to provide basic care interventions such as assessment, education, and increasing patient engagement. Significant transformations have been seen in the modern world, with a focus being on the possibility of utilizing telehealth to enable patients to self-diagnose as well as access the different options of healthcare (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). Through it, patients with chronic illnesses will have an expanded access to personalized, high quality and efficient care services.

The other way in which telehealth utilizes innovation is the facilitation of patient screening and engagement prior to entering a hospital or care facility. Accordingly, telehealth enables the online assessment and engagement of patients. The online engagements enable healthcare providers to determine the need for hospital visits and hospitalizations for patients. Through it, health organizations plan for their resource needs on time, eliminating disruption of their services. An example of this impact can be seen with the experience of the US hospitals with covid19 pandemic (Monaghesh & Hajizadeh, 2020). Accordingly, technology innovations of telehealth enabled hospitals to screen and engage patients before their hospital visits, thereby, minimizing patient and provider exposure to unnecessary risks as well as the optimum utilization of the available, limited resources.

Recommended Technology Innovations

The hospital has achieved considerable milestones in implementing the use of telehealth in the provision of care to patients with chronic illnesses. However, it is still required to consider a number of additional technology innovations. One of them is the adoption of barcode medication administration. Barcode medication administration is a healthcare technology used in medication administration processes. The technology has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing and preventing medication errors. Since the hospital is dedicated towards promoting safety and efficiency in patient care, the adoption of barcode medication administration should be part of its priorities (Zheng et al., 2021). The existing evidence shows that barcode medication administration also reduces the costs incurred by patients in seeking the care they need and enhances operational efficiency in healthcare.

The other recommended system that the hospital should adopt is the integrated health records system. Integrated electronic medical record systems are considered an integral part of successful organizations in the modern world. The system provides highly accurate and timely access to the healthcare data of the patients. It also provides healthcare providers enhanced abilities to improve the outcomes of patient care at reduced costs. The adoption of the system would enhance the service provision, safety and quality of care in the hospital (Yang et al., 2021). The technology presented in the course that the hospital should also consider is patient portals. Patient portals are effective in enabling the patients to undertake roles such as medication refills, scheduling, and accessing their health-related information. The portals may also be used for interaction between the patients and healthcare providers. The incorporation of patient portals patient care would enhance the efficiency, patient engagement, and accuracy of care that patients receive (Dendere et al., 2019). Therefore, the adoption of the above technologies would enhance the safety, quality, and efficiency of care given in the hospital as well as its performance and productivity.

Additional Innovations

One of the additional innovations that are needed in the hospital to further promote evidence-based practice is the adoption of legislations that provide incentives for technology use in healthcare. Healthcare providers should advocate for the adoption of enabling legislations that provide incentives for the use of telehealth in patient care. The incentives will motivate the healthcare providers to explore additional interventions that can be incorporated into telehealth to achieve optimum outcomes of care for their patients (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2021). Incentives will also enhance the efficiency of care interventions utilized in patient care via telehealth.

The other innovation that should be considered to promote evidence-based practice in the hospital is training and facilitating healthcare providers to implement best practice interventions in patient care. Accordingly, the implementation of evidence-based practice in healthcare settings depends largely on the competency level of the healthcare providers. Healthcare providers should understand the ways in which evidence-based data can be translated into practice. As a result, providing opportunities such as training and allowing them to implement evidence-based practice projects will drive the desired excellence in the use of evidence-based practice interventions (Baernholdt & Boyle, 2021). Therefore, the above recommendations should be considered in the practice setting.

Conclusion

Health information technologies have transformed significantly the provision of patient care in the current world. Health information technologies such as telehealth have enhanced the safety, quality and efficiency of patient care. They have also increased patient engagement and patient-centeredness in patient care. The use of telehealth for chronic disease management has been effective in the hospital. The effectiveness can be seen in the reduction in healthcare costs incurred by patients and the institution and unnecessary hospital visits by patients with chronic illnesses. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospital explore additional technologies such as barcode medication administration and integrated health records system to enhance its performance and competitiveness in its markets.

References

Baernholdt, M., & Boyle, D. K. (2021). Nurses Contributions to Quality Health Outcomes. Springer Nature.

Bassan, S. (2020). Data privacy considerations for telehealth consumers amid COVID-19. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa075

Bhate, C., Ho, C. H., & Brodell, R. T. (2020). Time to revisit the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? Accelerated telehealth adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 83(4), e313–e314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.989

Camarines, T. M., & Camarines, J. C. M. (2021). Discussing data security and telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England), fdab284. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab284

Castellucci, M. (2019, February 7). Unnecessary ED visits from chronically ill patients cost $8.3 billion. Modern Healthcare. https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20190207/TRANSFORMATION03/190209949/unnecessary-ed-visits-from-chronically-ill-patients-cost-8-3-billion

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient Portals Facilitating Engagement With Inpatient Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(4), e12779. https://doi.org/10.2196/12779

Döğer, E., Bozbulut, R., Soysal Acar, A. Ş., Ercan, Ş., Kılınç Uğurlu, A., Akbaş, E. D., Bideci, A., Çamurdan, O., & Cinaz, P. (2019). Effect of Telehealth System on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 11(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0017

Gajarawala, S. N., & Pelkowski, J. N. (2021). Telehealth Benefits and Barriers. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17(2), 218–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.013

Lee, I., Kovarik, C., Tejasvi, T., Pizarro, M., & Lipoff, J. B. (2020). Telehealth: Helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(5), 1213–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.052

Lillicrap, L., Hunter, C., & Goldswain, P. (2021). Improving geriatric care and reducing hospitalisations in regional and remote areas: The benefits of telehealth. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 27(7), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19881588

Lurie, N., & Carr, B. G. (2018). The Role of Telehealth in the Medical Response to Disasters. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178(6), 745–746. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.1314

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2021). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

McGrowder, D. A., Miller, F. G., Vaz, K., Anderson Cross, M., Anderson-Jackson, L., Bryan, S., Latore, L., Thompson, R., Lowe, D., McFarlane, S. R., & Dilworth, L. (2021). The Utilization and Benefits of Telehealth Services by Health Care Professionals Managing Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare, 9(10), 1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101401

Monaghesh, E., & Hajizadeh, A. (2020). The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09301-4

Ruiz Morilla, M. D., Sans, M., Casasa, A., & Giménez, N. (2017). Implementing technology in healthcare: Insights from physicians. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0489-2

Rush, K. L., Hatt, L., Janke, R., Burton, L., Ferrier, M., & Tetrault, M. (2018). The efficacy of telehealth delivered educational approaches for patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 101(8), 1310–1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.02.006

Sarkies, M., Long, J. C., Pomare, C., Wu, W., Clay-Williams, R., Nguyen, H. M., Francis-Auton, E., Westbrook, J., Levesque, J.-F., Watson, D. E., & Braithwaite, J. (2020). Avoiding unnecessary hospitalisation for patients with chronic conditions: A systematic review of implementation determinants for hospital avoidance programmes. Implementation Science, 15(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01049-0

Stone, C. S. (2017). Benchmarking Telemedicine: Improving Health Security in the Balkans. IOS Press.

Tuckson, R. V., Edmunds, M., & Hodgkins, M. L. (2017). Telehealth. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(16), 1585–1592. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1503323

Yang, X., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Weissman, S., Olatosi, B., & Li, X. (2021). Comorbidity patterns among people living with HIV: A hierarchical clustering approach through integrated electronic health records data in South Carolina. AIDS Care, 33(5), 594–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1844864

Young, S. D., & Schneider, J. (2020). Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19. AIDS and Behavior, 24(7), 2000–2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02924-z

Zheng, W. Y., Lichtner, V., Van Dort, B. A., & Baysari, M. T. (2021). The impact of introducing automated dispensing cabinets, barcode medication administration, and closed-loop electronic medication management systems on work processes and safety of controlled medications in hospitals: A systematic review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(5), 832–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.001

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ASSIGNMENT PROMPT

Target

5 points

Acceptable

3 points

Unacceptable

1 point

Score/Level

Abbreviated Research Proposal Paper

Part 1: Information on Organization

(5 points)

Program LO: 3

DNP Essential: 4

Exemplary quality.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses every major subsection in the assignment description of health information technology system/application and the organization type; key reasons for development of this health information technology system/application; management and administrative structure of health information technology system/application using advanced critical thinking skills; does not summarize or paraphrase the content of the literature review, rather demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Excels in meeting expectations for graduate level work.

Fully meets expectations for LO 3

Fully meets expectations for Essential 4

Well-developed, good quality work. Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses at least 80% of the major subsections in the assignment using adequate critical thinking skills; includes some summarizing or paraphrasing of literature review; demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Fully meets expectations for graduate level work.

Meets expectations for LO3

Meets expectations for Essential 4

Superficially developed, unacceptable quality.

Content needs substantial revision for it to be of a professional portfolio quality; addresses less than 50% of the major subsections in the assignment using weak critical thinking skills; consists primarily of a summary of main ideas from the literature review; does not demonstrate an applied level of understanding. Lags behind expectations for graduate level work.

Insufficient to meet expectations for LO 3

Insufficient to meet expectations for Essential 4

Part 2: Information System Application: Design

(5 points)

Program LO: 3

DNP Essential: 4

Exemplary quality.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses every major subsection in the assignment clearly and succinctly addresses how stakeholders worked together to design and fund the system application including a detailed description of who manages the budget, and any organizational or political challenges that impacted the initial or ongoing funding of the system/application and how these challenges were addressed using advanced critical thinking skills; does not summarize or paraphrase the content of the literature that supports this section, rather demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Excels in meeting expectations for graduate level work.

Fully meets expectations for LO3

Fully meets expectations for Essential 4

Well-developed, good quality work.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses at least 80% of the major subsections in the assignment using adequate critical thinking skills; addresses how stakeholders worked together to design and fund the system application including a description of who manages the budget, and any organizational or political challenges that impacted the initial or ongoing funding of the system application and how these challenges were addressed; includes some summarizing or paraphrasing of literature that supports this section; demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Fully meets expectations for graduate level work.

Meets expectations for LO 3

Meets expectations for Essential 4

Superficially developed, unacceptable quality.

Content needs substantial revision for it to be of a professional portfolio quality; addresses less than 50% of the major subsections in the assignment using weak critical thinking skills; consists primarily of a summary of main ideas from the literature that supports this section; does not demonstrate an applied level of understanding. Lags behind expectations for graduate level work.

Insufficient to meet expectations for LO 3

Insufficient to meet expectations for Essential 4

Part 3: Information System Application: Implementation

(5 points)

Program LOs: 3

DNP Essential: 4

Exemplary quality.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses every major subsection in the assignment; identifies key security issues and provides a detailed description on how the issues have been addressed; provides an in-depth portrayal of management of health information technology system, including quality of health care records, training of users, and planning for downtime and scheduled updates; includes a thoughtful analysis of system changes in response to health care reform/legislation and well-reasoned recommendation of additional changes needed using advanced critical thinking skills; does not summarize or paraphrase the content of the literature review, rather demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Excels in meeting expectations for graduate level work.

Fully meets expectations for LO 3

Fully meets expectations for Essential 4

Well-developed, good quality work.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses at least 80% of the major subsections in the assignment using adequate critical thinking skills; identified security issues and described how they have been addressed; provides an overview of management of health information technology system, including quality of health care records, training of users, and planning for downtime and scheduled updates; describes system changes in response to health care reform/legislation and recommendation of additional changes needed; includes some summarizing or paraphrasing of literature review; demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Fully meets expectations for graduate level work.

Meets expectations for LO 3

Meets expectations for Essential 4

Superficially developed, unacceptable quality.

Insufficient to meet expectations for LO 3

Insufficient to meet expectations for Essential 4

Part 4: Innovative Aspects of the System

(5 points)

Program LO: 3

DNP Essential: 4

Exemplary quality.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses every major subsection in the assignment; provides a succinct description of the role of innovation in the health information technology system/application and thoughtful recommendations for additional use of innovations using advanced critical thinking skills; does not summarize or paraphrase the content of the literature review, rather demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Excels in meeting expectations for graduate level work.

Fully meets expectations for LO 3

Fully meets expectations for Essential 4

Well-developed, good quality work.

Content is of a professional portfolio quality; addresses at least 80% of the major subsections in the assignment; provides a description of the role of innovation in the health information technology system/application and recommendations for additional use of innovations using adequate critical thinking skills; includes some summarizing or paraphrasing of the literature review; demonstrates content mastery using examples and/or personalized reflections about the content of the literature review; demonstrates an applied level of understanding through personalized reflections about the content area. Fully meets expectations for graduate level work.

Meets expectations for LO 3

Meets expectations for Essential 4

Superficially developed, unacceptable quality.

Needs substantial revision to be worthy of a professional portfolio; addresses less than half the major subsections in the assignment using weak critical thinking skills; consists primarily of a summary of main ideas from the literature review; does not demonstrate an applied level of understanding. Lags behind expectations for graduate level work.

Insufficient to meet expectations for LO 3

Insufficient to meet expectations for Essential 4

Part 5: End Product

(5 points)

The majority of references are from scholarly journals, support the topic well, and are current. All sources are peer reviewed. Minimum of 7 citations used. Paper stays within page requirements. APA format is used correctly throughout.

Report leaves the reader with confidence in understanding the informatics system; graphics are used to illustrate key points.

Excels in meeting expectations for graduate level work.

Most references are from scholarly journals and support the topic. Most references are fairly current. All sources are peer reviewed. Minimum of 7 citations used. The paper stays within page requirements. APA format is used with minimal errors.

Report leaves the reader with confidence in understanding the informatics system; graphics are used to illustrate key points.

Meets expectations for graduate level work.

References are not sufficient or are mostly from the lay literature or out of date. Sources identified are a combination of peer reviewed and nonpeer reviewed. Fewer than 7 citations used. The paper is either too long or too short. Weak writing quality and/or little evidence of correctness of APA format.

Report does not leave the reader with confidence in understanding the informatics system; graphics are minimally used or not used to illustrate key points.

Work lags behind expectations for graduate level work.

Health Information Technology Project Assignment:

Write a 12- to 15-page (plus references) paper that includes the following:

Organization Information (5 points)

Briefly describe the health information technology system/application and the organization type (hospital, clinic, public health agency, software company, government health information website, private virtual health information site, etc.).
Is the health information technology system/application clinical, administrative, educational, or research related?
What were the key reasons for development of this health information technology system/application?
Who manages this health information technology system/application and where are they located within the organization’s administrative structure?

Information System Application: Design (5 points)

Many health systems have multiple independent entities that work together toward a common goal of providing health care. How did the various stakeholders work together to make decisions related to this health information technology system/application? Were the end users involved in the development of this health information technology system/application
How was this health information system/application initially funded?
Have organizational or political issues impacted the ongoing funding for this health information technology system/application?
Who manages the budget for this health information technology system/application?

Information System Application: Implementation (5 points)

How are security issues addressed; how does this health information technology system/application support a legally sound health care record?
How are individuals trained to use the health information technology system/application?
What are the plans for planned or unplanned downtime?
How are health information technology system/application upgrades scheduled or planned?
How has the health information technology system/application changed in response to health care reform and related legislation?
What suggestions could you make regarding changes needed to support health care reform and related legislation?

Innovative Aspects of the System (5 points)

How are technology innovations being used in the health information technology system/application?
What technology innovations could you recommend for this organization?

End Product (5 points)

The paper is 12- to 15-page report.
The report leaves the reader with confidence in understanding the informatics system.
Graphics are used to illustrate key points.
The report is a scholarly paper and includes a minimum of 7 citations from peer-reviewed journals.
Appropriate APA format is used.

*Note: Up to 5 points (20%) may be deducted for grammar and APA style errors.