NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Walden University NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

Stuck? Let Us Help You

 

Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease. 

 

Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW. 

 

Sample Answer for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Healthcare facilities aim to deliver high-quality medical services to patients. The demand for high-quality patient services is motivated by adjusting to upcoming organizational structures, healthcare system changes, and available procedures. Recently, there has been an increased focus on delivering high-quality medical treatment, as recognized by the government, medical experts, and patients (Palese et al., 2020). Assessing the probability and frequency of encountering quality issues is crucial to determining the provision of high-quality services. This paper identifies three rate-based measures of patient care.

Rate-based Measurements

Rate-based measurements effectively assess healthcare service quality by utilizing data from events at a specific frequency. Different forms can express these measures, including rates and proportions, means, and ratios (Dart & Cunningham, 2023). Using rate-based measurements to assess the quality of care for three patients, focusing on patient safety, timeliness, and patient-centeredness, is recommended. This approach facilitates comparisons of trends over time or among providers, aiding in identifying areas requiring improvement.

Patient Safety Measure

Definition of the Measure

A patient safety measure assesses the quality of care provided in a healthcare setting. This tool evaluates the safety of healthcare settings by analyzing adverse events, including medical errors, infections, and other such incidents. Patient safety measures assess various aspects of care quality, including the proficiency of healthcare professionals, the precision of medication orders, and the safety of the healthcare setting (Elliott et al., 2020). Patient safety measures assess compliance with regulatory standards and guidelines in healthcare settings.

Numerical Description

Quantifying a patient safety measure in a healthcare setting involves calculating the frequency of adverse events within a specific timeframe. The number is divided by the total number of patients seen during the specified period and multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. The given study by Palese et al. (2020) found that a hospital with a monthly occurrence of ten adverse events out of 500 treated patients had a safety measure of 2%.

Data Collection

Incident reports, surveillance systems, and patient records are typically used to gather data for patient safety measures. A thorough summary of a patient’s treatment may be found in their medical records, which can also be utilized to spot any possible negative outcomes. To further evaluate the safety of the treatment given, incident reports include comprehensive details about any unfavorable incidents. By recording and observing unfavorable occurrences, surveillance systems provide a more thorough understanding of the safety of the care given (Uddin et al., 2021). Surveys, focus groups, and other data sources, including test results and electronic medical records, may also be used to gather data. The safety of the care being given may then be evaluated, and possible areas for improvement can be found using the data that has been gathered.

Comparison to Other Settings

The effectiveness of a healthcare setting may be assessed by comparing its patient safety measures to those of other environments. The proportion of settings that perform better or worse than the measured setting might be shown in a percentile ranking as part of this comparison (Elliott et al., 2020). Regulatory agencies’ benchmarks for patient safety measures may also be compared to ascertain if the environment is according to norms and requirements.

Risk Adjustment

Any possible variations in patient populations that can impact the outcomes of a patient safety measure can be considered using risk adjustment. The process of risk adjustment involves estimating the seriousness of a negative occurrence. The outcomes of the patient safety measure are then modified using this weight. For instance, the risk-adjusted patient safety measure would be 4% if a hospital had ten adverse occurrences in a month, five of which were deemed serious (Braun & Clarke, 2020).

Goals for Aggressive Organization

An ambitious company looking to dominate its industry would aim higher than the regulatory authorities’ standards for patient safety measures. For example, the company may aim for a 2 percent patient safety measure higher than the 3 percent guideline (Braun & Clarke, 2020). The company can also aim to enhance the standard of treatment and lessen the severity of unfavorable situations.

Importance to a Clinical Organization

A clinical organization prioritizes patient safety measures since they provide valuable information on the quality of care in a medical setting. Furthermore, patient safety metrics may pinpoint improvement areas and establish objectives for better quality standards (Reddy et al., 2019). Furthermore, patient safety precautions may lower the total cost of healthcare delivery and the cost of subpar treatment. Healthcare businesses may save money by minimizing adverse occurrences and enhancing quality by lowering expenditures related to malpractice, medical mistakes, and other adverse events.

Relation to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

Because they provide light on the safety of a medical environment, patient safety measures are intimately tied to patient safety. Patient safety measures may assist healthcare organizations in lowering the cost of subpar treatment by lowering the frequency of adverse occurrences, which can be measured to identify areas for improvement (Uddin et al., 2021). Furthermore, by enhancing the standard of care given and lowering the expense of malpractice and medical mistakes, patient safety measures may assist healthcare companies in lowering the total cost of healthcare delivery.

Timeliness Measures

Definition

Timeliness in healthcare refers to the speed at which healthcare services are delivered to patients, encompassing the period from identifying the need for care to the actual provision of care. This measure evaluates the time patients need to access necessary healthcare services, encompassing clinical and administrative aspects. This measure encompasses various time intervals in the healthcare system, such as the duration between a patient’s request for an appointment with a physician, the time taken for a patient to undergo a diagnostic test or procedure, and the time required for a patient to receive a referral to a specialist (Elliott et al., 2020).

Numerical Description

The numerical representation of the timeliness measure is typically based on the designated service timeframe and the actual timeframe in which the service was delivered. The timeliness measure for a physician appointment can be determined by subtracting the actual appointment duration from the expected appointment duration (Elliott et al., 2020).

Data Collection

The timeliness measure data is obtained from patient surveys and medical and administrative records. Patient surveys are commonly employed to evaluate patients’ time to obtain appointments with healthcare providers and access related services. Haraldstad et al. (2019) utilize medical and administrative records to evaluate the duration of time required for patients to undergo diagnostic tests or procedures, as well as the duration of time needed to obtain a referral to a specialist.

External Comparison

The timeliness indicator may be externally compared to other contexts by quantifying the duration it takes for patients to get treatment at different healthcare institutions. This comparison may be used to discern disparities in the duration it takes for patients to acquire medical attention at various establishments. The external comparison may also assess the real timeliness rate about a percentile rating, quantifying the duration a specific hospital takes to provide care compared to comparable facilities (Haraldstad et al., 2019).

Risk Adjustment

Risk-adjusted timeliness metrics are often adjusted to account for patient characteristics and differences in healthcare needs. Risk adjustment is often used to account for the complexity of the patient’s condition and the possible length of time that treatment may be needed. Giving patients prompt medical attention indicates the staff’s responsiveness and responsibility (Elliott et al., 2020). Patients are more likely to seek further medical care when they and their healthcare practitioner have built trust.

Setting Goals

In an assertive organization, the objectives for a timeliness metric may be established by assessing the duration it takes for a patient to obtain medical attention at various facilities. The aim would be to decrease the duration it takes for a patient to receive treatment at a certain facility. For example, a proactive organization may establish an objective to decrease the duration of a patient’s appointment with a physician by 10% (Agarwal et al., 2019). This objective may be monitored over time to verify that the organization is achieving its target. One of the objectives that might be set to ensure the application of timeliness measures is to reduce the number of in-patient stays by enhancing the dependability and effectiveness of patient treatment. The second objective is to enhance hospital infrastructure to enable healthcare professionals to provide high-quality treatment. The third objective is to alleviate the psychological distress of waiting for medical attention.

Importance to a Clinical Setting

The timeliness metric is of significant value in a clinical environment for two main reasons. Timely access to care is crucial to ensure patients get treatment promptly. This is particularly crucial for individuals requiring immediate medical attention or in danger of a medical crisis. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might enhance the patient’s experience by decreasing waiting periods and mitigating patient dissatisfaction (Elliott et al., 2020). Furthermore, prompt access to healthcare might enhance patient safety by reducing the likelihood of medical mistakes. This is because prompt access to healthcare may decrease the duration of a patient’s stay in a medical facility, reducing the likelihood of medication errors and other medical mistakes. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial infections by minimizing the duration of a patient’s hospital stay.

Relationship to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

The timeliness indicator is closely correlated with patient safety, the financial implications of subpar quality, and the total expenses associated with healthcare provision. Timely access to treatment is crucial for patient safety since it minimizes the duration of a patient’s stay in a healthcare facility, minimizing the likelihood of medical mistakes. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial infections by minimizing the duration of a patient’s hospital stay. Timely access to treatment may mitigate the cost of poor quality by minimizing a patient’s duration in a healthcare facility, hence decreasing the expenses linked to medical mistakes (Dart & Cunningham, 2023). Additionally, timely access to medical treatment may shorten a patient’s hospital stay, saving costs associated with nosocomial infections. In the end, early access to medical care may reduce healthcare costs by shortening the length of time a patient stays in a hospital. This might result in less time spent providing care and less use of available resources. Additionally, early access to healthcare may shorten a patient’s hospital stay, saving hospital treatment costs somewhat.

Patient-Centeredness Measure

Definition

The patient-centeredness metric quantifies the extent to which a healthcare facility, institution, or organization prioritizes the patient’s preferences and requirements in providing treatment. This metric is predicated on the notion that healthcare organizations prioritizing patient-centric treatment, customized to meet each person’s specific requirements, desires, and preferences, are the most efficacious (Al-Fraihat et al., 2020). This care method considers the patient’s unique requirements, beliefs, and choices and utilizes this data to direct the supplied treatment. This encompasses educating patients and encouraging them to actively engage in their treatment, using patient-centered communication, and delivering care customized to each person’s unique requirements.

Numerical Definition

The percentage of patients rated their overall care experience as “excellent” or “very good” on a five-point scale is used to calculate this score. The number of patients who rated their care experience as “excellent” or “very good” is represented by the numerator. In addition, the total number of patients who took part in the survey is represented by the denominator. The following formula is used to compute the rate: Patient-centeredness measure is calculated by dividing the total number of patients who responded to the survey by the number of patients who rated their treatment as “excellent” or “very good,” then multiplying the result by 100. (Al-Fraihat et al., 2020).

Data Collection

Patient and healthcare provider feedback is gathered on this statistic via surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Surveys of patients may be used to learn more about their experiences receiving care from the medical facility and the quality of that care. In order to learn more about healthcare professionals’ direct experiences with the organization’s patient-centered practices, interviews may be conducted (Elliott et al., 2020). In contrast, focus groups may be used by medical professionals and patients to discuss their experiences with the organization’s patient-centered procedures.

Measurement Comparison

By comparing a percentile rating to the actual patient satisfaction rate with the patient-centeredness of their treatment, the Patient-Centeredness metric is compared to different settings. For instance, if a healthcare institution has a Patient-Centeredness rate of 75%, it indicates that 75% of the polled patients expressed satisfaction with the patient-centeredness of their treatment (Enticott et al., 2021). Subsequently, this rate may be juxtaposed with a percentile rating to assess the healthcare facility’s relative performance compared to other settings.

Risk-Adjusted or Not

The Patient-Centeredness Measure lacks risk adjustment. Risk adjustment is a technique used to factor in variations in patient attributes while evaluating healthcare quality. Risk adjustment incorporates variables such as age, gender, and other attributes that may influence the result of healthcare. As the Patient-Centeredness Measure does not evaluate healthcare results, there is no need for risk adjustment (Enticott et al., 2021).

Goals

The objective for this metric in a proactive organization would be to surpass the mean rate of patient-centric practices across comparable organizations. This objective might be accomplished by including supplementary patient-centric measures, such as offering more patient instruction and engaging patients in decision-making. The organization should adopt additional patient-centered practices that surpass the current provision of basic care. This could involve offering resources and support systems to patients with chronic conditions or those requiring assistance managing their health (Agarwal et al., 2019). In addition, the organization should aim to enhance patient-centered communication by offering explicit guidelines to patients on medication adherence, maintaining regular contact with their care team, and diligently adhering to their treatment plans.

Importance of the Measure

The Patient-Centeredness Measure is crucial for a healthcare organization as it offers valuable insights into the quality of patient care they provide. The metric may facilitate the identification of deficient regions in healthcare and can be used to monitor advancements over some time (Enticott et al., 2021). Furthermore, the measure may provide valuable information on patient engagement in their healthcare and the extent of autonomy they are granted. This may be advantageous for both the organization and the patient since it can assist in guaranteeing that the patient is getting optimal treatment.

This measure may also aid in the identification of possible issues related to patient participation or autonomy. If the measure indicates that patients lack sufficient autonomy or have poor participation in their treatment, the organization may take steps to remedy this issue. This may include allocating more resources to enhance patient involvement in their healthcare or additional resources to promote autonomy (Enticott et al., 2021). Ultimately, the metric may be used to monitor the efficacy of patient-centered treatment as time progresses. This facilitates the organization’s identification of areas that need improvement in care and enables the measurement of the effects of implemented changes aimed at enhancing patient-centered care. Implementing this may enable the organization to guarantee optimal patient care and reduce medical mistakes and readmission expenses.

Relation to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

Since it measures the organization’s capacity to meet patients’ needs and provide all-encompassing care, the patient-centeredness metric has a significant correlation with patient safety. Low patient-centeredness rates in hospitals may indicate that patients are not receiving enough patient-centered care, which might lead to negative outcomes and an overall reduction in patient safety (Agarwal et al., 2019). Because it measures how well an organization can meet patient needs and provide all-encompassing care, the patient-centeredness metric is highly correlated with the price of subpar quality. Inadequate patient-centered care has negative effects and may increase costs for the organization since more treatments or services are required.

The patient-centeredness metric correlates with the overall healthcare cost because it measures how effectively an organization meets patients’ needs and provides a thorough treatment plan. Unfavorable results from inadequate patient-centered care may increase healthcare costs by necessitating more treatments and services (Enticott et al., 2021). Patients who get subpar patient-centered treatment are more likely to be dissatisfied, which lowers patient satisfaction and increases patient turnover rates. As a result, the company may experience increased costs.

Conclusion

The quality of healthcare that is provided is objectively evaluated using quality metrics. To improve patient care, they support the creation of standardized medical care procedures. The active involvement of patients, regulatory agencies, and healthcare professionals is necessary for continuous quality improvement. Patient safety, timeliness measures, and patient preparedness are the three most effective quality measures. To protect patients, all healthcare facilities must implement patient safety procedures. Metrics that measure timeliness are essential for reducing the number of people who die or suffer negative outcomes as a result of receiving subpar medical treatment. It is crucial to prioritize patient-centeredness by considering patient preferences and including family members. Consequently, the main priority should be to evaluate and ensure the quality of care, allocating resources to enhance its quality while minimizing potential damage and expenses.

 

 

References

Agarwal, S., Sripad, P., Johnson, C., Kirk, K., Bellows, B., Ana, J., Blaser, V., Kumar, M. B., Buchholz, K., Casseus, A., Chen, N., Dini, H. S., Deussom, R., Jacobstein, D., Kintu, R., Kureshy, N., Meoli, L., Otiso, L., Pakenham-Walsh, N., . . . Warren, C. E. (2019). A conceptual framework for measuring community health workforce performance within primary health care systems. Human Resources for Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0422-0

Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa’deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, pp. 102, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.004

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2020). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

Dart, S., & Cunningham, S. (2023). Using institutional data to drive quality, improvement, and innovation. In University development and administration (pp. 1–24). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9438-8_29-1

Elliott, R. A., Camacho, E., Janković, D., Sculpher, M., & Faria, R. (2020). Economic analysis of the prevalence and clinical and economic burden of medication error in England. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(2), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010206

Enticott, J., Johnson, A., & Teede, H. (2021). Learning health systems using data to drive healthcare improvement and impact: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06215-8

Haraldstad, K., Wahl, A. K., Andenæs, R., Andersen, J. R., Andersen, M. H., Beisland, E. G., Borge, C. R., Engebretsen, E., Eisemann, M., Halvorsrud, L., Hanssen, T. A., Haugstvedt, A., Haugland, T., Johansen, V. A., Larsen, M. H., Løvereide, L., Løyland, B., Kvarme, L. G., Moons, P., . . . Helseth, S. (2019). A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Quality of Life Research, 28(10), 2641–2650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02214-9

Palese, A., Navone, E., Danielis, M., Vryonides, S., Sermeus, W., & Papastavrou, E. (2020). Measurement tools used to assess unfinished nursing care: A systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(2), 565–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14603

Reddy, S., Allan, S., Coghlan, S., & Cooper, P. (2019). A governance model for the application of AI in health care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(3), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz192

Uddin, M. G., Nash, S., & Olbert, A. I. (2021). A review of water quality index models and their use for assessing surface water quality. Ecological Indicators, p. 122, 107218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107218

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Importance of Each Rate-Based Measure to a Chosen Clinical Organization and Setting

All healthcare organizations have a moral and legal obligation to promote healthy living in the populace. Besides the usual diagnosis and treatment of illnesses, it is crucial to build lasting patient-provider relationships and adopt mechanisms for enhancing the quality, safety, and timeliness of care. Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, is among clinical organizations providing primary and specialized care. In primary care, Saint Joseph Hospital’s fundamental principle is that the organization’s primary care providers are the first people that patients visit for their health questions and concerns (SLC Health Saint Joseph, 2021). Advanced care in Saint Joseph Hospital includes heart and vascular care, orthopedics, and emergency.

As a rate-based measure, the readmission rate is crucial at Saint Joseph Hospital as an indicator of the quality of care that patients receive. Gupta et al. (2019) described hospital readmission within 30 days as a significant quality measure since it represents a potentially preventable adverse outcome. With Saint Joseph Hospital engaging in complex procedures such as heart surgery, cardiac rehabilitation, and heart arrhythmia treatment, the chances of readmissions might be high in such settings. Brunner-La Rocca et al. (2020) observed that the readmission rate is high in advanced care such as cardiovascular health procedures. As a result, Saint Joseph’s management should use the readmission rate as a motivation to improve quality outcomes. The rates indicate the magnitude of effort required to achieve the desired level of patient satisfaction.

Like other clinical settings, Saint Joseph Hospital should apply evidence-based practice strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Its primary, emergency and acute care outcomes should match the required performance benchmarks at local, state, and national levels. Achieving this critical goal requires Saint Joseph Hospital to collect data and measure performance on significant outcome areas. Accordingly, complication rates indicate areas that need more intervention as far as the quality of care is concerned. For instance, shock, hemorrhage, urinary retention, and pulmonary embolism are common complications after surgeries. Since they are costly to manage and extend hospital stays, measuring their rates is crucial always. The rate indicates the extent and type of responses required to ensure that Saint Joseph Hospital provides care that meets all the quality standards.

As a measure of care quality, the post-procedure death rate is also crucial to Saint Joseph’s Hospital in decision making and resource allocation. From a general operation viewpoint, healthcare organizations must reduce mortality rates as low as possible. The goal should be conducting procedures associated with zero deaths. Like in readmission and complication rates, post-procedure death rates indicate the areas of attention requiring improvement to reduce mortality rates. For instance, deaths associated with health complications can be prevented by increasing or improving interventions that reduce complications. Deaths associated with home-based care after surgeries can be prevented by improving home-based care.

Organization Information

• Briefly describe the health information technology system/application and the organization type (hospital, clinic, public health agency, health care software company, government health information website, private virtual health information site, etc.).
• Is the health information technology system/application clinical, administrative, educational, or research related?
• What were the key reasons for the development of this health information technology system/application, i.e., what made the organization believe this system/application was needed? How did this organization determine those needs? Did the organization use specific tools to conduct needs assessments, staff opinions, or workflows?
• How did the organization determine that this specific system/application could fulfill its predetermined needs?
• Who manages this health information technology system/application and where are they located within the organization’s administrative structure?

Information System Application Design and Development

• Many health care systems have multiple independent entities that work together toward the common goal of providing high-quality care. How did—and do—the various stakeholders make decisions related to this health information technology system/application? Were the end users involved in the development of this health information technology system/application?
• How are individuals trained to use the health information technology system/application?
• How are security issues addressed? How does this health information technology system/application support a legally sound health care record?
• Where did initial funds for this health information technology system/application come from?
• Who manages the budget for this health information technology system/application?
• Have organizational or political issues impacted the ongoing funding for this health information technology system/application?
• What are the arrangements for planned or unplanned downtime?
• How are health information technology system/application upgrades scheduled or planned?
• How has the health information technology system/application changed in response to health care reform and related legislation?
• What suggestions could you make regarding changes needed to support health care reform and related legislation?

Project Management Activities

Like projects in other fields, DNP projects are tiring and time-consuming. Whether using the agile approach or other methods, it is important to outline the necessary project management activities to guide decision-making and resources allocation. Tasks are also distributed according to the project’s activities (Moran, 2019). A suitable project management activity suiting my project is outlining the scope of the project. Here, the implication is that specific project goals, tasks, deliverables, costs, and deadlines should be outlined. For instance, an education program to increase healthcare providers’ knowledge of reducing readmission rates should be complete in six months. The other activity suiting my project is identifying appropriate stakeholders. Quanbeck (2019) defined stakeholders as influencers in practice change projects since the outcomes directly affect them. Appropriate stakeholders should be identified, including their roles and expectations. The two activities are critical since outlining the scope facilitates efficient resource allocation while stakeholders provide huge support. For instance, organizations’ management prepares the organization for change and provides venues for organizing meetings.

How do we assess quality? Quality in other areas of our lives can be subjective, so how do we specifically ensure that quality is clearly defined and measurable in our nursing practice?

Quality measurement tools are used to evaluate the value that is measured, collected, or compared. Through data, formula, ranking, and analysis, these tools enable subjectivity to be replaced with objectivity.

You will investigate at least three rate-based quality measures for this Assignment. You will deconstruct each measure to gain a better understanding of its significance and impact on patient safety, healthcare costs, and overall healthcare quality.

To Prepare:

• Review the Learning Resources for this week, and reflect on tools for measuring quality in nursing practice.
• Select three rate-based measurements of quality that you would like to focus on for this Assignment.
  • Note: These measurements must relate to some aspect of clinical or service quality that directly relates to patient care or the patient’s experience of care, and for the purposes of this Assignment, an analysis of staffing levels is not permitted.
  • You can find useful information on quality indicators that are of interest to you on these websites and resources. You may choose only one of the three measures to be some form of patient satisfaction measure.
• Consider how the three rate-based measures (you will select) are defined, how the rates were determined or calculated, how the measures were collected, and how these measures are communicated to both internal and external stakeholders.
• Reflect on how the three rate-based measures (you will select) may relate to organizational goals for improved performance.
• Reflect on the three rate-based measures (you will select), and consider the importance of these measures on patient safety, cost of healthcare, and overall quality of healthcare.

The Assignment: (8–10 pages)

• Describe the three rate-based measures of quality you selected, and explain why.
• Deconstruct each measure to include the following:
  • Describe the definition of the measure.
  • Explain the numerical description of how the measure is constructed (the numerator/denominator measure counts, the formula used to construct the rate, etc.).
  • Explain how the data for this measure are collected.
  • Describe how the measurement is compared externally to other like settings, and differentiate between the actual rate and a percentile ranking. Be specific.
  • Explain whether the measure is risk adjusted or not. If so, explain briefly how this is accomplished.
  • Describe how goals might be set for each measure in an aggressive organization, which is seeking to excel in the marketplace. Be specific and provide examples.
• Describe the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting.
  • Using the websites and resources you can choose a hospital, a nursing home, a home health agency, a dialysis center, a health plan, an outpatient clinic, or private office. A total population of patient types is also acceptable, but please be specific as to the setting. That is, if you are interested in patients with chronic illness across the continuum of care, you might home in a particular health plan, a multispecialty practice setting or a healthcare organization with both inpatient and outpatient/clinic settings.
  • Note: Faculty appointments and academic settings are not permitted for this exercise. For all other settings, consult the Instructor for guidance. You do not need actual data from a given organization to complete this Assignment.
• Explain how each measure you selected relates to patient safety, to the cost of poor quality, and to the overall cost of healthcare delivery. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 7

There is nothing to submit this week. This Assignment is due by Day 7 of Week 4.

What’s Coming Up in Week 4?

Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images

Next week, you will continue to analyze tools used for quality improvement and will explore the application of project management for a quality improvement practice gap.

Next Week

To go to the next week:

Week 4

 

Assignment 2: Tools for Measuring Quality

How do we determine quality? Quality in other areas of our lives can be subjective, so how do we ensure—specifically as it relates to our nursing practice—that quality is clearly defined and measurable?

Tools for measuring quality are used to assess the value measured, collected, or compared. These tools allow for subjectivity to be replaced with objectivity through data, formula, ranking, and analysis.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

For this Assignment, you will explore at least three rate-based measures of quality. You will deconstruct each measure to explore your understanding of the measure, its importance, and its impact on patient safety, cost of healthcare, and overall quality of healthcare.

To Prepare:

• Review the Learning Resources, for this week, and reflect on tools for measuring quality in nursing practice.
• Select three rate-based measurements of quality that you would like to focus on for this Assignment.
  • Note: These measurements must relate to some aspect of clinical or service quality that directly relates to patient care or the patient’s experience of care. For the purposes of this Assignment, an analysis of staffing levels is not permitted.
  • You can find useful information on quality indicators that are of interest to you on these websites and resources. You may choose only one of the three measures to be some form of patient satisfaction measure.
• Consider how the three rate-based measures (you will select) are defined, how the rates were determined or calculated, how the measures were collected, and how these measures are communicated to both internal and external stakeholders.
• Reflect on how the three rate-based measures (you will select) may relate to organizational goals for improved performance.
• Reflect on the three rate-based measures (you will select), and consider the importance of these measures on patient safety, cost of healthcare, and overall quality of healthcare.

The Assignment: (8–10 pages)

• Describe the three rate-based measures of quality you selected, and explain why.
• Deconstruct each rate-based measure to include the following:
  • Describe the definition of the measure.
  • Explain the numerical description of how the measure is constructed (the numerator/denominator measure counts, the formula used to construct the rate, etc.).
  • Explain how the data for this measure are collected.
  • Describe how the measurement is compared externally to other like settings, and differentiate between the actual rate and a percentile ranking. Be specific.
  • Explain whether the measure is risk adjusted or not. If so, explain briefly how this is accomplished.
  • Describe how goals might be set for each measure in an aggressive organization, which is seeking to excel in the marketplace. Be specific and provide examples.
• Describe the importance of each rate-based measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting.
  • Using the websites and resources, you can choose a hospital, a nursing home, a home health agency, a dialysis center, a health plan, an outpatient clinic, or private office; a total population of patient types is also acceptable, but please be specific as to the setting. That is, if you are interested in patients with chronic illness across the continuum of care, you might home in a particular health plan, a multispecialty practice setting or a healthcare organization with both inpatient and outpatient/clinic settings.
  • Note: Faculty appointments and academic settings are not permitted for this exercise. For all other settings, consult the Instructor for guidance. You do not need actual data from a given organization to complete this Assignment.
• Explain how each rate-based measure (you selected) relates to patient safety, to the cost of poor quality, and to the overall cost of healthcare delivery. Be specific and provide examples.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

  

• Click the Week 4 Assignment 2 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 4 Assignment 2 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Also Read: NURS 8210 Week 9 Assignment: Health Information Technology Project

Week 4 Assignment 2 Rubric

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 4 Assignment 2 draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 4 Assignment 2

Sample Answer 4 for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Irrespective of their health conditions, all patients require timely, effective, and quality health care services. Overall, achieving the desired state of health care quality remains a leading goal of health care organizations. Processes, procedures, and routine interactions should ensure that patients are excellently served. Satisfaction should be a guiding principle. In health practice, quality of care represents the degree to which health services meet the desired outcomes. To examine whether they are providing quality care, organizations should regularly evaluate their performance using rate-based quality measures. Evaluating performance guided by rate-based quality measures is a practical way of improving care delivery and patient outcomes. This paper describes rate-based measures of quality in health care organizations. It further deconstructs each measure, describes the importance, and explains how each measure relates to patient safety and the cost of healthcare delivery.

Rate-Based Measures: Description

Quality measures are reliable indicators of a healthcare organization’s capacity to deliver optimal care. Rates show the difference between performance and expectations. Appropriate rate-based quality measures for in-depth exploration include readmission rates, complication rates, and post-procedure death rates. These measures have been selected since they directly relate to the type of care that patients receive in health care settings. Their rates are inversely proportional to the quality of care. For instance, high readmission rates indicate that the quality of care does not meet the desired performance levels. The same case applies to complication rates and post-procedure death rates.

The other reason for selecting these measures is their significance in the overall health care provision in the United States. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reports that quality health care is a priority for the President of the United States, Department of Health and Human Services, and CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid, 2020). Due to the significance and interest of quality health care, CMS uses quality initiatives for health improvement in many instances and spends considerable resources in quality enhancement programs. As a result, the rate-based quality measures indicate the extent to which health care organizations align with the President’s and CMS’ expectations as far as quality is concerned.

Health care organizations require tools for quantifying healthcare processes. The selected rate-based measures are used for quantifying outcomes. Quantifying the processes and outcomes shows an organization’s ability to provide high-quality care. Quantifying outcomes by rating them also indicates the areas requiring more attention as the organization adopts new quality improvement mechanisms.

Deconstructing Each Measure

When a patient visits a healthcare organization for medical assistance, the general desire is to get an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Such assistance promotes healing and helps the patient to recover within the healthcare facility or at home. Unfortunately, health complications may necessitate readmission. Upadhyay et al. (2019) described readmission rate as hospital admission occurring within a specified time frame after discharge from the first admission. As a result, the readmission rate denotes the percentage of patients readmitted after discharge. Readmission rates may be calculated in terms of weeks, months, or annual readmission.

With hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) a sincere concern in health care delivery, the complication rate should guide health care providers in preventing HAIs. Lim (2019) described the complication rate as the percentage of patients developing complications resulting from care. In most instances, complication rates are high in complex procedures such as surgeries. For instance, the complication rate associated with heart surgeries is often higher than treatment for malaria. Routinely, many health care organizations track the complication rate by a specific timeframe or division. In this case, all complications can be calculated together or segmented according to the type of disease. The extent of complication rate indicates the quality of care that patients receive in a particular health care setting.

After the treatment, patients always look forward to a full and speedy recovery. Healthcare organizations also implement the necessary measures to prevent deaths to ensure that the mortality rates for all illnesses are as low as possible. Despite these efforts, deaths still occur after procedures. According to Lim (2019), the post-procedure death rate is the number of deaths occurring after treatment. The death rate usually varies depending on the procedure. Like readmissions and complication rates, a high post-procedure death rate may be an indicator of low-quality health services.

To construct the readmission rate, the number of readmitted patients (numerator) is divided by the number of patients served during a given period (denominator). The figure is given in percentage. For instance, if five patients were readmitted after 200 discharges, the readmission rate would be (5/200) x 100, giving 2.5%.  The complication rate is constructed by dividing the number of patients who develop complications by the number who received care in a given timeframe. The post-procedure death rate is calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the number of patients who received treatment. The post-procedure death rate is provided for each procedure. Like complication rates, post-procedure death rates differ depending on the type of procedure.

In each case, comparative data analysis occurs to develop the measure and get the necessary meaning to guide decision-making. For readmission rates, health care organizations may opt to record readmission cases for all illnesses after discharge. Alternatively, they may collect data for specific illnesses, which helps to determine illnesses associated with the highest readmission rates. The same approach can be used for collecting data for complication rates. Data may be case-specific or combine all complications over a given timeframe.  Post-procedure death rates’ data can be tracked hospital-wide or for specific divisions and health care teams.

To determine whether a healthcare organization’s performance is within the expected performance levels, data comparison is necessary. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2020), quality measures should be publicly reported. As a result, health care organizations make their data public when required, implying that their performance is visible to other settings in the same state or different regions. Shah et al. (2019) noted that the availability of such performance data, including readmission rates, allows the Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) to incentivize decreased readmissions. A healthcare organization can do comparative performance analysis to reflect on its performance versus other organizations through the publicly reported data.

The rates can be provided as actual figures or percentile ranking. Like illustrated in readmission, complication, and post-procedure death rate calculations, actual rates represent the figures of each measure calculated using historical operating functions and adjustment factors. For instance, the actual readmission rate is the number of readmissions divided by the number of discharges in a given time. Mostly, actual rates are given in percentage. On the other hand, percentile ranking is the percentage of scores in the frequency distribution equal or lower than the score. For instance, if the readmission rate is 65% of a hospital, 65 is the percentile rank. Since readmissions illustrate poor performance, the facility would have performed worse than 65% of other facilities included in the frequency distribution.

Some measures of quality are usually risk-adjusted. For accurate calculations of post-procedure death rate, the measurement must factor the risk level into calculations (Ng-Kamstra et al., 2018). The risk level varies for each procedure. Risk adjustment also applies to complication and readmission rates. Risk adjustment includes risk factors associated with a measure score, allowing fair and accurate healthcare outcomes comparison. A typical risk factor is the health status of a patient.

Healthcare organizations set different goals based on their missions, visions, and performance objectives. For an aggressive organization seeking to excel in the marketplace, a reasonable goal for readmission rate as a measure of quality is to reduce the rates to below the state and nationally minimum allowable levels. As a result, the organization would adopt the necessary measures to reduce the rates, such as bedside patient education and technology adoption in healthcare processes for better communication and patient monitoring.  For complication rate, an aggressive organization would set quality improvement goals focusing on reducing the complication rate. As a result, the organization would initiate measures to prevent complications after a medical procedure. Similar goals apply to the post-procedure death rate. The organization should be motivated to have no death case after a medical procedure. The reference point should always be the state and national performance benchmarks.

Importance of Each Rate-Based Measure to a Chosen Clinical Organization and Setting

All healthcare organizations have a moral and legal obligation to promote healthy living in the populace. Besides the usual diagnosis and treatment of illnesses, it is crucial to build lasting patient-provider relationships and adopt mechanisms for enhancing the quality, safety, and timeliness of care. Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, is among clinical organizations providing primary and specialized care. In primary care, Saint Joseph Hospital’s fundamental principle is that the organization’s primary care providers are the first people that patients visit for their health questions and concerns (SLC Health Saint Joseph, 2021). Advanced care in Saint Joseph Hospital includes heart and vascular care, orthopedics, and emergency.

As a rate-based measure, the readmission rate is crucial at Saint Joseph Hospital as an indicator of the quality of care that patients receive. Gupta et al. (2019) described hospital readmission within 30 days as a significant quality measure since it represents a potentially preventable adverse outcome. With Saint Joseph Hospital engaging in complex procedures such as heart surgery, cardiac rehabilitation, and heart arrhythmia treatment, the chances of readmissions might be high in such settings. Brunner-La Rocca et al. (2020) observed that the readmission rate is high in advanced care such as cardiovascular health procedures. As a result, Saint Joseph’s management should use the readmission rate as a motivation to improve quality outcomes. The rates indicate the magnitude of effort required to achieve the desired level of patient satisfaction.

Like other clinical settings, Saint Joseph Hospital should apply evidence-based practice strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Its primary, emergency and acute care outcomes should match the required performance benchmarks at local, state, and national levels. Achieving this critical goal requires Saint Joseph Hospital to collect data and measure performance on significant outcome areas. Accordingly, complication rates indicate areas that need more intervention as far as the quality of care is concerned. For instance, shock, hemorrhage, urinary retention, and pulmonary embolism are common complications after surgeries. Since they are costly to manage and extend hospital stays, measuring their rates is crucial always. The rate indicates the extent and type of responses required to ensure that Saint Joseph Hospital provides care that meets all the quality standards.

As a measure of care quality, the post-procedure death rate is also crucial to Saint Joseph’s Hospital in decision making and resource allocation. From a general operation viewpoint, healthcare organizations must reduce mortality rates as low as possible. The goal should be conducting procedures associated with zero deaths. Like in readmission and complication rates, post-procedure death rates indicate the areas of attention requiring improvement to reduce mortality rates. For instance, deaths associated with health complications can be prevented by increasing or improving interventions that reduce complications. Deaths associated with home-based care after surgeries can be prevented by improving home-based care.

Relationship with Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and the Overall Cost of Healthcare Delivery

It is an unfortunate scenario for patients to receive unsatisfactory care. According to Upadhyay et al. (2019), readmissions indicate unsafe transitions between points of care (hospital to home). As a result, readmission rates indicate the extent to which the patient received care that guarantees safety. As an indicator of low-quality services, readmission rates show that the patient receives care in unsafe settings. Health complications, emotional and financial burdens associated with increased readmissions are costly to manage. Patients are forced to travel more to get care, involve family members, and utilize more resources. The entire process is costly and increases the illness burden. Regarding the overall cost of care, the annual cost of readmissions to the US healthcare system is as high as $17.4 billion annually (Warcho et al., 2019). Such resources could be used for illness prevention and promotion programs if there were no readmissions.

Complications have similarly profound effects on safety concerns and cost implications. Health complications risk patient safety due to extended hospital stays and frequent visits. Health complications also increase the mortality rate. Postoperative complications, including atelectasis, wound infection, and deep vein thrombosis, are costly to treat and manage. In a review of postoperative complications cost of 6,387 patients, prolonged ventilation management was found to consume approximately $48,168 and renal failure $18,528 (Merkow et al., 2020). Such costs can be minimized by a proportional reduction in complication rates.

The post-procedure death rate not only indicates patient safety concerns but is a threat to their lives. Unlike readmissions and complications, death rates show a health care facility’s incapacity to guarantee patient safety. Deaths are costly since the patient and the family does not get the value for their money. Hospitals also incur huge costs associated with litigation if the family is not satisfied with how the patient was handled.

In conclusion, rate-based quality measures indicate the extent to which a healthcare organization provides quality healthcare services. In this paper, readmission, complication, and post-procedure death rates have been discussed as rate-based quality measures.  The three measures were selected since they directly relate to the type of care that patients receive in healthcare settings. The case of Saint Joseph Hospital has been provided to illustrate the importance of each rate-based measure. In terms of safety, the magnitude of each rate is inversely proportional to patient safety. Poor quality care is costly to manage from a patient’s and healthcare delivery’s dimensions. As a result, healthcare organizations should heavily invest in strategies that reduce readmissions, complications, and post-procedure rates to acceptable levels.

References

Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., Peden, C. J., Soong, J., Holman, P. A., Bogdanovskaya, M., & Barclay, L. (2020). Reasons for readmission after hospital discharge in patients with chronic diseases—Information from an international dataset. PloS One, 15(6), e0233457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233457

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2020, Feb 11). Quality measures. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/QualityMeasures

Gupta, S., Zengul, F. D., Davlyatov, G. K., & Weech-Maldonado, R. (2019). Reduction in hospitals’ readmission rates: Role of hospital-based skilled nursing facilities. Inquiry : A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 56, 46958018817994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018817994

Lim, R. (2019). Multidisciplinary approaches to common surgical problems. Springer Nature.

Merkow, R. P., Shan, Y., Gupta, A. R., Yang, A. D., Sama, P., Schumacher, M., … & Bilimoria, K. Y. (2020). A comprehensive estimation of the costs of 30-day postoperative complications using actual costs from multiple, diverse hospitals. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 46(10), 558-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.06.011

Ng-Kamstra, J. S., Arya, S., Greenberg, S. L., Kotagal, M., Arsenault, C., Ljungman, D., … & Shrime, M. G. (2018). Perioperative mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Global Health, 3(3), e000810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000810

Shah, R. M., Zhang, Q., Chatterjee, S., Cheema, F., Loor, G., Lemaire, S. A., … & Ghanta, R. K. (2019). Incidence, cost, and risk factors for readmission after coronary artery bypass grafting. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 107(6), 1782-1789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.10.077

SLC Health Saint Joseph. (2021). Our services. https://www.sclhealth.org/locations/saint-joseph-hospital/

Upadhyay, S., Stephenson, A. L., & Smith, D. G. (2019). Readmission Rates and Their Impact on Hospital Financial Performance: A Study of Washington Hospitals. Inquiry : A Journal Of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 56, 46958019860386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958019860386

Warchol, S. J., Monestime, J. P., Mayer, R. W., & Chien, W. W. (2019). Strategies to Reduce Hospital Readmission Rates in a Non-Medicaid-Expansion State. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 16(Summer), 1a. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669363/

Sample Answer 5 for NURS 8302 Week 3 Assignment: Tools for Measuring Quality

Healthcare facilities aim to deliver high-quality medical services to patients. The demand for high-quality patient services is motivated by adjusting to upcoming organizational structures, healthcare system changes, and available procedures. Recently, there has been an increased focus on delivering high-quality medical treatment, as recognized by the government, medical experts, and patients (Palese et al., 2020). Assessing the probability and frequency of encountering quality issues is crucial to determining the provision of high-quality services. This paper identifies three rate-based measures of patient care.

Rate-based Measurements

Rate-based measurements effectively assess healthcare service quality by utilizing data from events at a specific frequency. Different forms can express these measures, including rates and proportions, means, and ratios (Dart & Cunningham, 2023). Using rate-based measurements to assess the quality of care for three patients, focusing on patient safety, timeliness, and patient-centeredness, is recommended. This approach facilitates comparisons of trends over time or among providers, aiding in identifying areas requiring improvement.

Patient Safety Measure

Definition of the Measure

A patient safety measure assesses the quality of care provided in a healthcare setting. This tool evaluates the safety of healthcare settings by analyzing adverse events, including medical errors, infections, and other such incidents. Patient safety measures assess various aspects of care quality, including the proficiency of healthcare professionals, the precision of medication orders, and the safety of the healthcare setting (Elliott et al., 2020). Patient safety measures assess compliance with regulatory standards and guidelines in healthcare settings.

Numerical Description

Quantifying a patient safety measure in a healthcare setting involves calculating the frequency of adverse events within a specific timeframe. The number is divided by the total number of patients seen during the specified period and multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. The given study by Palese et al. (2020) found that a hospital with a monthly occurrence of ten adverse events out of 500 treated patients had a safety measure of 2%.

Data Collection

Incident reports, surveillance systems, and patient records are typically used to gather data for patient safety measures. A thorough summary of a patient’s treatment may be found in their medical records, which can also be utilized to spot any possible negative outcomes. To further evaluate the safety of the treatment given, incident reports include comprehensive details about any unfavorable incidents. By recording and observing unfavorable occurrences, surveillance systems provide a more thorough understanding of the safety of the care given (Uddin et al., 2021). Surveys, focus groups, and other data sources, including test results and electronic medical records, may also be used to gather data. The safety of the care being given may then be evaluated, and possible areas for improvement can be found using the data that has been gathered.

Comparison to Other Settings

The effectiveness of a healthcare setting may be assessed by comparing its patient safety measures to those of other environments. The proportion of settings that perform better or worse than the measured setting might be shown in a percentile ranking as part of this comparison (Elliott et al., 2020). Regulatory agencies’ benchmarks for patient safety measures may also be compared to ascertain if the environment is according to norms and requirements.

Risk Adjustment

Any possible variations in patient populations that can impact the outcomes of a patient safety measure can be considered using risk adjustment. The process of risk adjustment involves estimating the seriousness of a negative occurrence. The outcomes of the patient safety measure are then modified using this weight. For instance, the risk-adjusted patient safety measure would be 4% if a hospital had ten adverse occurrences in a month, five of which were deemed serious (Braun & Clarke, 2020).

Goals for Aggressive Organization

An ambitious company looking to dominate its industry would aim higher than the regulatory authorities’ standards for patient safety measures. For example, the company may aim for a 2 percent patient safety measure higher than the 3 percent guideline (Braun & Clarke, 2020). The company can also aim to enhance the standard of treatment and lessen the severity of unfavorable situations.

Importance to a Clinical Organization

A clinical organization prioritizes patient safety measures since they provide valuable information on the quality of care in a medical setting. Furthermore, patient safety metrics may pinpoint improvement areas and establish objectives for better quality standards (Reddy et al., 2019). Furthermore, patient safety precautions may lower the total cost of healthcare delivery and the cost of subpar treatment. Healthcare businesses may save money by minimizing adverse occurrences and enhancing quality by lowering expenditures related to malpractice, medical mistakes, and other adverse events.

Relation to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

Because they provide light on the safety of a medical environment, patient safety measures are intimately tied to patient safety. Patient safety measures may assist healthcare organizations in lowering the cost of subpar treatment by lowering the frequency of adverse occurrences, which can be measured to identify areas for improvement (Uddin et al., 2021). Furthermore, by enhancing the standard of care given and lowering the expense of malpractice and medical mistakes, patient safety measures may assist healthcare companies in lowering the total cost of healthcare delivery.

Timeliness Measures

Definition

Timeliness in healthcare refers to the speed at which healthcare services are delivered to patients, encompassing the period from identifying the need for care to the actual provision of care. This measure evaluates the time patients need to access necessary healthcare services, encompassing clinical and administrative aspects. This measure encompasses various time intervals in the healthcare system, such as the duration between a patient’s request for an appointment with a physician, the time taken for a patient to undergo a diagnostic test or procedure, and the time required for a patient to receive a referral to a specialist (Elliott et al., 2020).

Numerical Description

The numerical representation of the timeliness measure is typically based on the designated service timeframe and the actual timeframe in which the service was delivered. The timeliness measure for a physician appointment can be determined by subtracting the actual appointment duration from the expected appointment duration (Elliott et al., 2020).

Data Collection

The timeliness measure data is obtained from patient surveys and medical and administrative records. Patient surveys are commonly employed to evaluate patients’ time to obtain appointments with healthcare providers and access related services. Haraldstad et al. (2019) utilize medical and administrative records to evaluate the duration of time required for patients to undergo diagnostic tests or procedures, as well as the duration of time needed to obtain a referral to a specialist.

External Comparison

The timeliness indicator may be externally compared to other contexts by quantifying the duration it takes for patients to get treatment at different healthcare institutions. This comparison may be used to discern disparities in the duration it takes for patients to acquire medical attention at various establishments. The external comparison may also assess the real timeliness rate about a percentile rating, quantifying the duration a specific hospital takes to provide care compared to comparable facilities (Haraldstad et al., 2019).

Risk Adjustment

Risk-adjusted timeliness metrics are often adjusted to account for patient characteristics and differences in healthcare needs. Risk adjustment is often used to account for the complexity of the patient’s condition and the possible length of time that treatment may be needed. Giving patients prompt medical attention indicates the staff’s responsiveness and responsibility (Elliott et al., 2020). Patients are more likely to seek further medical care when they and their healthcare practitioner have built trust.

Setting Goals

In an assertive organization, the objectives for a timeliness metric may be established by assessing the duration it takes for a patient to obtain medical attention at various facilities. The aim would be to decrease the duration it takes for a patient to receive treatment at a certain facility. For example, a proactive organization may establish an objective to decrease the duration of a patient’s appointment with a physician by 10% (Agarwal et al., 2019). This objective may be monitored over time to verify that the organization is achieving its target. One of the objectives that might be set to ensure the application of timeliness measures is to reduce the number of in-patient stays by enhancing the dependability and effectiveness of patient treatment. The second objective is to enhance hospital infrastructure to enable healthcare professionals to provide high-quality treatment. The third objective is to alleviate the psychological distress of waiting for medical attention.

Importance to a Clinical Setting

The timeliness metric is of significant value in a clinical environment for two main reasons. Timely access to care is crucial to ensure patients get treatment promptly. This is particularly crucial for individuals requiring immediate medical attention or in danger of a medical crisis. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might enhance the patient’s experience by decreasing waiting periods and mitigating patient dissatisfaction (Elliott et al., 2020). Furthermore, prompt access to healthcare might enhance patient safety by reducing the likelihood of medical mistakes. This is because prompt access to healthcare may decrease the duration of a patient’s stay in a medical facility, reducing the likelihood of medication errors and other medical mistakes. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial infections by minimizing the duration of a patient’s hospital stay.

Relationship to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

The timeliness indicator is closely correlated with patient safety, the financial implications of subpar quality, and the total expenses associated with healthcare provision. Timely access to treatment is crucial for patient safety since it minimizes the duration of a patient’s stay in a healthcare facility, minimizing the likelihood of medical mistakes. Moreover, prompt access to healthcare might mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial infections by minimizing the duration of a patient’s hospital stay. Timely access to treatment may mitigate the cost of poor quality by minimizing a patient’s duration in a healthcare facility, hence decreasing the expenses linked to medical mistakes (Dart & Cunningham, 2023). Additionally, timely access to medical treatment may shorten a patient’s hospital stay, saving costs associated with nosocomial infections. In the end, early access to medical care may reduce healthcare costs by shortening the length of time a patient stays in a hospital. This might result in less time spent providing care and less use of available resources. Additionally, early access to healthcare may shorten a patient’s hospital stay, saving hospital treatment costs somewhat.

Patient-Centeredness Measure

Definition

The patient-centeredness metric quantifies the extent to which a healthcare facility, institution, or organization prioritizes the patient’s preferences and requirements in providing treatment. This metric is predicated on the notion that healthcare organizations prioritizing patient-centric treatment, customized to meet each person’s specific requirements, desires, and preferences, are the most efficacious (Al-Fraihat et al., 2020). This care method considers the patient’s unique requirements, beliefs, and choices and utilizes this data to direct the supplied treatment. This encompasses educating patients and encouraging them to actively engage in their treatment, using patient-centered communication, and delivering care customized to each person’s unique requirements.

Numerical Definition

The percentage of patients rated their overall care experience as “excellent” or “very good” on a five-point scale is used to calculate this score. The number of patients who rated their care experience as “excellent” or “very good” is represented by the numerator. In addition, the total number of patients who took part in the survey is represented by the denominator. The following formula is used to compute the rate: Patient-centeredness measure is calculated by dividing the total number of patients who responded to the survey by the number of patients who rated their treatment as “excellent” or “very good,” then multiplying the result by 100. (Al-Fraihat et al., 2020).

Data Collection

Patient and healthcare provider feedback is gathered on this statistic via surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Surveys of patients may be used to learn more about their experiences receiving care from the medical facility and the quality of that care. In order to learn more about healthcare professionals’ direct experiences with the organization’s patient-centered practices, interviews may be conducted (Elliott et al., 2020). In contrast, focus groups may be used by medical professionals and patients to discuss their experiences with the organization’s patient-centered procedures.

Measurement Comparison

By comparing a percentile rating to the actual patient satisfaction rate with the patient-centeredness of their treatment, the Patient-Centeredness metric is compared to different settings. For instance, if a healthcare institution has a Patient-Centeredness rate of 75%, it indicates that 75% of the polled patients expressed satisfaction with the patient-centeredness of their treatment (Enticott et al., 2021). Subsequently, this rate may be juxtaposed with a percentile rating to assess the healthcare facility’s relative performance compared to other settings.

Risk-Adjusted or Not

The Patient-Centeredness Measure lacks risk adjustment. Risk adjustment is a technique used to factor in variations in patient attributes while evaluating healthcare quality. Risk adjustment incorporates variables such as age, gender, and other attributes that may influence the result of healthcare. As the Patient-Centeredness Measure does not evaluate healthcare results, there is no need for risk adjustment (Enticott et al., 2021).

Goals

The objective for this metric in a proactive organization would be to surpass the mean rate of patient-centric practices across comparable organizations. This objective might be accomplished by including supplementary patient-centric measures, such as offering more patient instruction and engaging patients in decision-making. The organization should adopt additional patient-centered practices that surpass the current provision of basic care. This could involve offering resources and support systems to patients with chronic conditions or those requiring assistance managing their health (Agarwal et al., 2019). In addition, the organization should aim to enhance patient-centered communication by offering explicit guidelines to patients on medication adherence, maintaining regular contact with their care team, and diligently adhering to their treatment plans.

Importance of the Measure

The Patient-Centeredness Measure is crucial for a healthcare organization as it offers valuable insights into the quality of patient care they provide. The metric may facilitate the identification of deficient regions in healthcare and can be used to monitor advancements over some time (Enticott et al., 2021). Furthermore, the measure may provide valuable information on patient engagement in their healthcare and the extent of autonomy they are granted. This may be advantageous for both the organization and the patient since it can assist in guaranteeing that the patient is getting optimal treatment.

This measure may also aid in the identification of possible issues related to patient participation or autonomy. If the measure indicates that patients lack sufficient autonomy or have poor participation in their treatment, the organization may take steps to remedy this issue. This may include allocating more resources to enhance patient involvement in their healthcare or additional resources to promote autonomy (Enticott et al., 2021). Ultimately, the metric may be used to monitor the efficacy of patient-centered treatment as time progresses. This facilitates the organization’s identification of areas that need improvement in care and enables the measurement of the effects of implemented changes aimed at enhancing patient-centered care. Implementing this may enable the organization to guarantee optimal patient care and reduce medical mistakes and readmission expenses.

Relation to Patient Safety, Cost of Poor Quality, and Cost of Healthcare Delivery

Since it measures the organization’s capacity to meet patients’ needs and provide all-encompassing care, the patient-centeredness metric has a significant correlation with patient safety. Low patient-centeredness rates in hospitals may indicate that patients are not receiving enough patient-centered care, which might lead to negative outcomes and an overall reduction in patient safety (Agarwal et al., 2019). Because it measures how well an organization can meet patient needs and provide all-encompassing care, the patient-centeredness metric is highly correlated with the price of subpar quality. Inadequate patient-centered care has negative effects and may increase costs for the organization since more treatments or services are required.

The patient-centeredness metric correlates with the overall healthcare cost because it measures how effectively an organization meets patients’ needs and provides a thorough treatment plan. Unfavorable results from inadequate patient-centered care may increase healthcare costs by necessitating more treatments and services (Enticott et al., 2021). Patients who get subpar patient-centered treatment are more likely to be dissatisfied, which lowers patient satisfaction and increases patient turnover rates. As a result, the company may experience increased costs.

Conclusion

The quality of healthcare that is provided is objectively evaluated using quality metrics. To improve patient care, they support the creation of standardized medical care procedures. The active involvement of patients, regulatory agencies, and healthcare professionals is necessary for continuous quality improvement. Patient safety, timeliness measures, and patient preparedness are the three most effective quality measures. To protect patients, all healthcare facilities must implement patient safety procedures. Metrics that measure timeliness are essential for reducing the number of people who die or suffer negative outcomes as a result of receiving subpar medical treatment. It is crucial to prioritize patient-centeredness by considering patient preferences and including family members. Consequently, the main priority should be to evaluate and ensure the quality of care, allocating resources to enhance its quality while minimizing potential damage and expenses.

 

 References

Agarwal, S., Sripad, P., Johnson, C., Kirk, K., Bellows, B., Ana, J., Blaser, V., Kumar, M. B., Buchholz, K., Casseus, A., Chen, N., Dini, H. S., Deussom, R., Jacobstein, D., Kintu, R., Kureshy, N., Meoli, L., Otiso, L., Pakenham-Walsh, N., . . . Warren, C. E. (2019). A conceptual framework for measuring community health workforce performance within primary health care systems. Human Resources for Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0422-0

Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa’deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, pp. 102, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.004

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2020). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

Dart, S., & Cunningham, S. (2023). Using institutional data to drive quality, improvement, and innovation. In University development and administration (pp. 1–24). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9438-8_29-1

Elliott, R. A., Camacho, E., Janković, D., Sculpher, M., & Faria, R. (2020). Economic analysis of the prevalence and clinical and economic burden of medication error in England. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30(2), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010206

Enticott, J., Johnson, A., & Teede, H. (2021). Learning health systems using data to drive healthcare improvement and impact: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06215-8

Haraldstad, K., Wahl, A. K., Andenæs, R., Andersen, J. R., Andersen, M. H., Beisland, E. G., Borge, C. R., Engebretsen, E., Eisemann, M., Halvorsrud, L., Hanssen, T. A., Haugstvedt, A., Haugland, T., Johansen, V. A., Larsen, M. H., Løvereide, L., Løyland, B., Kvarme, L. G., Moons, P., . . . Helseth, S. (2019). A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Quality of Life Research, 28(10), 2641–2650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02214-9

Palese, A., Navone, E., Danielis, M., Vryonides, S., Sermeus, W., & Papastavrou, E. (2020). Measurement tools used to assess unfinished nursing care: A systematic review of psychometric properties. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(2), 565–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14603

Reddy, S., Allan, S., Coghlan, S., & Cooper, P. (2019). A governance model for the application of AI in health care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(3), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz192

Uddin, M. G., Nash, S., & Olbert, A. I. (2021). A review of water quality index models and their use for assessing surface water quality. Ecological Indicators, p. 122, 107218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107218

 Rubric Detail

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Content

Name: NURS_8302_Week4_Assignment2_Rubric

• Grid View
• List View

		Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
Describe the three rate-based measures of quality you selected, and explain why.		Points Range: 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) The response accurately and clearly describes in detail three rate-based measures of quality. The response provides accurate and specific details that fully support the selection of the three rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) The response accurately describes three rate-based measures of quality. The response provides accurate details that support the selection of the three rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The response inaccurately or vaguely describes three rate-based measures of quality. OR The response describes less than three rate-based measures of quality. The response provides inaccurate or vague details that may support the selection of the rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) The response inaccurately and vaguely describes three rate-based measures of quality, or it is missing. The response provides inaccurate and vague details that do not support the selection of the rate-based measures described, or it is missing.
Deconstruct each rate-based measure to include the definition of each measure, explanation of the numerical description of how the measure is constructed, explanation of how the data is collected, description of how the measure is compared externally, explanation of whether or not the measure is risk adjusted, and a description of the how goals might be set for each measure. Be specific, and provide examples.		Points Range: 23 (23%) – 25 (25%) The response accurately and clearly explains in detail each of the three rate-based measures. The response accurately and clearly explains all elements of each measure, including: the definition of the measure, explanation of the numerical description, explanation of how the data is collected, description of how the measure is compared, explanation of risk, and description of goals. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the three rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 20 (20%) – 22 (22%) The response accurately explains each of the three rate-based measures. The response accurately explains the elements of each measure, including: the definition of the measure, explanation of the numerical description, explanation of how the data is collected, description of how the measure is compared, explanation of risk, and description of goals. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the three rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 18 (18%) – 19 (19%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains each of the three rate-based measures. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the elements of each measure. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the three rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 17 (17%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains each of the three rate-based measures, or it is missing. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the elements of each measure, or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the three rate-based measures described, or it is missing.
Describe the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting. Be specific as to the setting.		Points Range: 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) The response accurately and clearly explains in detail the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting. The response provides accurate and specific details that fully support the selection of the three rate-based measures and the clinical organization or setting described.	Points Range: 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) The response accurately explains the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting. The response provides accurate details that support the selection of the three rate-based measures and the clinical organization or setting described.	Points Range: 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting. The response inaccurately or vaguely provides details that may support the selection of the three rate-based measures and the clinical organization or setting described.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting, or it is missing. The response inaccurately and vaguely provides details that do not support the selection of the three rate-based measures and the clinical organization or setting described, or it is missing.
Explain how each rate-based measure you selected relates to patient safety, to the cost of poor quality, and to the overall cost of healthcare delivery. Be specific, and provide examples.		Points Range: 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) The response accurately and clearly explains in detail how each rate-based measure relates to patient safety, cost of poor quality, and overall cost of healthcare delivery. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) The response accurately explains how each measure relates to patient safety, cost of poor quality, and overall cost of healthcare delivery. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how each measure relates to patient safety, cost of poor quality, and overall cost of healthcare delivery. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the rate-based measures described.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how each measure relates to patient safety, cost of poor quality, and overall cost of healthcare delivery, or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the rate-based measures described, or it is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided.
Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_8302_Week4_Assignment2_Rubric