Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

Walden University Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

The introduction for the Walden University Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

After the introduction, move into the main part of the Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

In the past, the triple aim was used to optimize healthcare performance by lowering healthcare costs, improving patient experience, and improving population health. Another aspect of improving the work-life of healthcare providers has recently been added, making it a quadruple goal (Bachynsky et al., 2020). Evidence-based practice is one pillar of healthcare that has been used to help make decisions related to the quadruple aim. This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between the quadruple aim and evidence-based practice, with a focus on how EBP may or may not aid in the achievement of the quadruple aim in areas such as patient experience, population, costs, and the work-life of healthcare providers.

EBP and Patient Experience

One of the primary goals of patient care is to enhance the patient experience. EBP enables healthcare providers to translate research findings into clinical practice, thereby improving the patient experience. Clinicians use evidence to design patient-centered care that incorporates the patient’s individual needs in order to improve the patient experience (Johnson, 2019). Evidence-based practice has been critical in producing scientific facts and knowledge that can be used to improve healing and treatment outcomes. All of this contributes to a better patient experience.

EBP and Population Health

In some cases, population health is used as an indicator of an efficient healthcare system. EBP is also linked to the quadruple goal because it can help improve population health. According to evidence-based practice, holistic care and improvement are critical for improving population health (Melnyk & Tim Raderstorf, 2019). The quadruple goal asserts that care providers must translate their experience into more effective care in order to improve population health. By thinking and acting positively and collaboratively, the population’s health changes and improves, assisting in the achievement of the quadruple aim’s main goals.

Cost and Evidence-Based Practice

Concerns have recently been raised about the ever-increasing cost of healthcare, so another focus of the Quadruple aim is to reduce healthcare costs. Even though many people can afford healthcare costs through private means and health insurance, a sizable number of people cannot. As a result of this situation, many people’s lives have been exposed to chronic illnesses, resulting in relatively poor health outcomes. Various inventions based on evidence-based practice have been developed, largely as a result of consistent research efforts, and have significantly contributed to the reduction of health-care costs (Melnyk, 2017). Such advancements have brought relief to a large number of people who can now access care services at lower costs. With continued technological research, there is hope that better technological applications based on EBP will aid in cost reduction.

Evidence-based Practice and Healthcare Provider Work-Life.

Healthcare providers are an essential part of patient care because they are on the front lines of diagnosing, treating, and managing

Assignment Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

various illnesses. As a result, despite the fact that it was not addressed in the triple aim, it became part of the quadruple aim. Various research efforts have recently been undertaken to investigate healthcare workers in care environments, their attitudes, challenges, and what improves performance (Melnyk & Tim Raderstorf, 2019). The findings of such studies have been used to improve working conditions and motivate healthcare workers to be more productive.

Conclusion

Finally, the quadruple aim is critical in optimizing healthcare performance to produce better patient outcomes and a better working environment. EBP is useful in ensuring that the right decisions are made to achieve the quadruple aim’s ultimate goals. As a result, the relationships between EBP and the quadruple aim have been investigated in this paper.

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References

Bachynsky, N. (2020, January). Implications for policy: the triple aim, quadruple aim, and interprofessional collaboration. In Nursing forum (Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 54-64). https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12382.

Johnson, P. B. (2019). Caring for the caregiver: achieving the quadruple aim through a peer support program. Nurse Leader, 17(3), 189-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.03.009.

Melnyk, B. M. (2017). Igniting and Sustaining Evidence-based Practice to Meet the Quadruple Aim in Healthcare. http://hdl.handle.net/10755/623638.

Melnyk, B. M., & Tim Raderstorf, D. N. P. (Eds.). (2019). Evidence-based leadership, innovation, and entrepreneurship in nursing and healthcare: A practical guide to success. Springer Publishing Company.

Sample Answer 2 for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

Healthcare is continuously evolving to deliver patient-centered, quality-driven, efficient, and cost-effective care while providing patients with positive outcomes. As nurses at the forefront of healthcare, we are in positions to ensure our patients receive the care they deserve (Crabtree et al., 2016). Although the evidence-based practice has proven to improve the quality of care, inspire clinicians, enhance patient outcomes, and lower costs, evidence-based practice is not distinguished as the standard of care in many facilities worldwide (Melnyk et al., 2019). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has brought along significant changes regarding the access and conditions of the health care system in the United States. These changes included the need for empirical evidence to be a part of healthcare. Healthcare organizations have supported this requirement by including evidence-based practice in their information made available to the public. Through this discussion, I will highlight where the evidence-based course is found in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) review.

As noted in our assigned reading, when faced with a medical issue such as a brain tumor, motor vehicle accident, or Alzheimer’s diagnosis, we would want to know the best and latest evidence on how these situations were handled (Melnyk et al., 2019). Therefore, we want proof of successful outcomes to have information to make informed decisions about our care. Having evidence is having an assortment of facts that have been studied and supported and can be used in other settings (Melnyk et al.,2019). The organization that I chose to overview focuses on just that, providing professionals, Americans, and policymakers with the information needed to make appropriate healthcare decisions.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s mission is to produce evidence that can be used in the healthcare profession to provide safe, quality-based, easily accessible, affordable, and justifiable (AHRQ, 2021). This mission statement recognizes an evidence-based approach as the proper way to address the healthcare concerns we are faced with today. AHRQ is a federal agency part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

The work of this organization is grounded in evidence-based practice; it invests in research and generates evidence that is used by those in healthcare. This organization creates tools and approaches to deliver quality care provides data and analytics to support claims and helps decision-makers understand a gap in care and where the opportunity for improvement exists (AHRQ, 2021).

The information that I discovered on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality website has not changed my perception of this organization. Still, it has enhanced my awareness of the contributions made towards evidence-based healthcare practice. This organization’s core competencies are practice improvement, health systems research, and data and analytics (AHRQ, 2021). In 1997, this organization created evidence-based practice centers located in medical institutions, universities, and research areas in the US. Research reports are generated on many facets of healthcare, including but not limited to medications and medical devices. The research is conducted by medical doctors, pharmacists, and psychologists; reports are peer-reviewed for credibility before being published (AHRQ, 2021).

I have personally used this organization as a reference in other courses as I have found the content to be quickly followed and evidence supported. My review of this organization has made my vision clearer; this organization is highly backed by evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice is very supplemental to nursing care. This method uses evidence from external sources, considers patient’s values and wants, and uses the expertise of a multidisciplinary team to personalize care, thus initiating a problem-solving approach (Melnyk et al., 2014). By using evidence-based practices, we are providing quality-based care and outcome-oriented. When dealing with an illness, we would not want our healthcare professionals “consulting an 8-ball and taking a guess” on the best way to treat the situation, but we would instead base the decisions for care on best practices (Laureate Education, 2018). As healthcare professionals, we should establish our care and treatment on those same best practices by using evidence-based practice when caring for our patients. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is an organization that will help us in improving the safety and quality of patient care through evidence-based practice.

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). (2021). Effective health care program. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov

Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., Coyle, A. (2016). Improving patient care through nursing engagement in evidence-based-practice. Worldviews on evidence-base nursing DOI: 10.111/WVN.12126

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Introduction to evidence-based practice and research [Video file]

Melnyk, B., Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: a guide to best practice. Wolters Kluwer.

Melnyk. B., Gallagher-Ford, L., Long, L., Fineout-Overhold. (2014). The establishment of evidence-based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses in real-world healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. Retrieved from https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1111/wvn.12021

Sample Answer 3 for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

The health practice faces numerous challenges prompting health care providers to always use practical and research-based interventions. Over time, the adoption of technology has been central in the health practice, proving that the determination to improve patient experience and enhance outcomes is high. As these changes occur in practice, evidence-practice practice (EBP) has played a critical role by giving health practitioners the base knowledge required in making changes to improve outcomes. More integration of evidence-based practice is expected over time. This paper discusses the connection between EBP and the quadruple aim.

EBP and the Quadruple Aim

Excellence in health practice depends on the extent to which interventions meet patient needs and current health demands. One of the most recommended ways of achieving this goal is integrating research-driven processes into general health practice. Melnyk (2018) described EBP as integrating clinical expertise, the best research evidence, and patient values into the patient-care decision-making process. The objective is to ensure that patients get high-quality and safe health care services. The quadruple aim focuses on the overall health care experience by addressing critical aspects such as patient experience, reducing health care costs, refining population health, and improving healthcare providers’ work-life (Valaitis et al., 2020). EBP has a positive impact on the quadruple aim if implemented rightly, and health care organizations remain committed to incorporate research into the practice.

EBP and Patient Experience

One of the ways of improving patient experience is embracing patient-centered care. To a profound extent, EBP recommends health care providers implement research findings into clinical practice. Doing so allows nurses and other health care providers to apply proven scientific knowledge in clinical practice to ensure that care matches individual patient needs (Beckett & Melnyk, 2018). When health care addresses specific patient needs, the quality of care and health outcomes improve. Scientific knowledge can also be used to address other issues affecting patient care, such as improving the health care environment to make patients comfortable as much as possible.

Population Health

Broadly, evidence-based processes involved in care help to address patient needs based on challenges affecting the populace every day. Research that EBP implements usually provides diverse information on population health matters such as health determinants, cultural and religious issues affecting health, and family and social practices related to people’s health. Research also provides information related to health equity and needs across socioeconomic statuses. Based on this information, EBP proposes various ways of improving population health, such as educating the populace and distributing health resources based on populations’ needs. Social and cultural determinants improve health care providers’ knowledge about populations’ characteristics and perceptions of health care, improving health care providers’ cultural competence. Generally, EBP and population health are connected in that EBP is the basis for understanding populations’ diverse needs and addressing them depending on illness patterns, vulnerabilities, and needs of population subgroups.

Costs

For a long time, affordability problems have made many people not receive health services at all or at the right time. Many health care facilities also lack adequate resources to address health care needs. Scientific research has explored how to improve access to care and the impacts of measure per capita costs of health care on people’s health. One of the most recommended evidence-based practices to address cost issues is telehealth. As a way of implementing technology in health care provision, telehealth enables health care providers to distribute health-related services and information electronically via computers and mobile devices. A study by Snoswell et al. (2020) found that telehealth saves as much as $361 per patient annually, which cannot be realized through traditional in-home care programs. Telehealth also reduces travel expenses to health care settings since a patient can be assisted remotely. EBP continues to implement progressive research findings to realize the benefits of technology and other interventions that reduce costs, implying that more benefits will be realized over time.

The Work-Life of Health Care Providers

Health care providers require a support system to enhance their productivity. The work environment should be free of stressors that affect health care workers’ output adversely. Through EBP, interventions that ensure health care providers are mentally, emotionally, and physically stable to work are utilized. Such interventions include a practice where interprofessional collaboration thrives. Other interventions include health care cultures that prevent nurse burnout, such as preventing excessive workload, supporting mental health, and reducing stress (de Oliveira et al., 2019). Adopting such measures ensures health care environments mind about the wellness of health care providers to balance work and life issues. They are also motivated to work and determined to meet the desired health outcomes.

In conclusion, EBP advocates for processes that improve the patient experience while trying to utilize the best current knowledge to meet the desired health outcomes. Due to its focus on patients’ and health care providers’ satisfaction, EBP helps in achieving the quadruple aim. It helps by implementing research evidence in real practice to ensure that health care is patient-centered and population health needs are known across cultures. EBP is also instrumental in reducing health care costs by making technology a central element of the health practice and ensuring that issues that affect care providers’ mindset, such as stress and environmental conditions, are addressed appropriately.

References

Beckett, C. D., & Melnyk, B. M. (2018). Evidence‐based practice competencies and the new ebp‐c credential: Keys to achieving the quadruple aim in health care. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 15(6), 412-413. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12335.

de Oliveira, S. M., de Alcantara Sousa, L. V., Gadelha, M. D. S. V., & do Nascimento, V. B. (2019). Prevention actions of burnout syndrome in nurses: An integrating literature review. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health: CP & EMH, 15, 64-73. doi: 10.2174/1745017901915010064

Melnyk, B. M. (2018, Oct 26). Why Choose Evidence-based Practice?. AANP. https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/why-choose-evidence-based-practice

Snoswell, C. L., Taylor, M. L., Comans, T. A., Smith, A. C., Gray, L. C., & Caffery, L. J. (2020). Determining if telehealth can reduce health system costs: scoping review. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(10), e17298. doi:10.2196/17298

Valaitis, R. K., Wong, S. T., MacDonald, M., Martin-Misener, R., O’Mara, L., Meagher-Stewart, D., … & Savage, R. (2020). Addressing quadruple aims through primary care and public health collaboration: Ten Canadian case studies. BMC public health, 20, 1-16. https://doi/10.1186/s12889-020-08610-y

Sample Answer 4 for Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

Quadruple Aim in healthcare management developed from the Triple Aim, which refers to an approach developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) to optimize or enhance the performance in the healthcare system. The main objective of the Triple Aim was to enhance or ensure quality healthcare delivered to the patients, improve the general health of the population, and significantly reduce healthcare costs since its inception in the healthcare processes. The Triple Aim has worked effectively in guiding the optimization of healthcare systems. To further enhance efficiency, there have been adjustments to the system. Recently, there was the adoption of different aspects of the by different healthcare experts or professionals. The adjustments have led to the development or creation of the Quadruple Aim. Through research and evidence-based practices, different organizations have been involved in the development of different programs and approaches aimed at enhancing the delivery of healthcare processes (Batcheller et al., 2017).

The improvement of patient experiences aims to enhance the quality of care that different patients receive by focusing on families and individuals. Initially, the above observation was the main objective of the Triple Aim. Before the development of the Triple Aim, there was the consideration of six major domains, including effectiveness, equity, efficiency, safety, timeliness, and patient-centeredness. There is a connection between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim. In other words, there is the need for leaders first to understand evidence-based practices, which is a direct pathway to achieving the quadruple aim in healthcare systems. Both evidence-based practices and Quadruple Aims aim at enhancing the delivery of quality care. Evidence-based practice refers to the conscientious, problem-solving approach that incorporates the best evidence from the patient values, well-designed studies, clinical expertise, as well as patient preferences in making decisions about patient care. Both evidence-based practices and the Quadruple Aims have been developed to enhance performance in the healthcare system (Haverfield et al., 2020). The objectives of both Quadruple Aim and the evidence-based practices are similar. In other words, evidence-based practices can be considered to be a subset of the Quadruple Aim.

The application of evidence-based practices can enable an organization to reach the Quadruple Aim. Evidence-based practices are expected to improve patient experience through consideration of cultural and religious values. Also, through the application of evidence-based practices, there is always a high possibility of reducing costs, improving population health, as well as the work-life of healthcare providers. The evidence-based practices are therefore expected to aids in meeting the Quadruple Aim. The Quadruple Aim is to enhance the patient experience, improve healthcare delivery costs, improve general population health, and enhance the work-life of healthcare providers (Jeffs, 2018). In most cases, evidence-based practices are undertaken to achieve the quadruple aim. The Quadruple Aim naturally comes with the goal of general improvement in the health of the overall population. Developing an improved patient experience is critical in improving patient outcomes. Also, developing an improved patient outcome can be achieved through continuous education to patients. Quadruple Aim, developed from the previous Triple Aim, usually aims to achieve or reduce healthcare’s per capita costs. The objective of every society or government is to lower the cost of medication and different treatment processes. To achieve this, there is always the need for different healthcare institutions to adhere to the Quadruple Aim.

References

Batcheller, J., Zimmermann, D., Pappas, S., & Adams, J. M. (2017). Nursing’s leadership role in addressing the quadruple aim. Nurse Leader, 15(3), 203-206. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1541461217300277

Haverfield, M. C., Tierney, A., Schwartz, R., Bass, M. B., Brown-Johnson, C., Zionts, D. L., … & Zulman, D. M. (2020). Can Patient–Provider Interpersonal Interventions Achieve the Quadruple Aim of Healthcare? A Systematic Review. Journal of general internal medicine, 1-11. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-019-05525-2

Jeffs, L. (2018). Achieving the Quadruple Aim in Healthcare: The Essential Role of Authentic, Complex and Resilient Nurse Leaders. Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.), 31(2), 8-19. https://europepmc.org/article/med/30339121

Healthcare organizations continually seek to optimize healthcare performance. For years, this approach was a three-pronged one known as the Triple Aim, with efforts focused on improved population health, enhanced patient experience, and lower healthcare costs.

More recently, this approach has evolved to a Quadruple Aim by including a focus on improving the work life of healthcare providers. Each of these measures are impacted by decisions made at the organizational level, and organizations have increasingly turned to EBP to inform and justify these decisions.

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources.
Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare.
Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery.

To Complete:

Write a brief analysis (no longer than 2 pages) of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim.

Your analysis should address how EBP might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:

Patient experience
Population health
Costs
Work life of healthcare providers

By Day 7 of Week 1

Submit your anaylsis.

submission information

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To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD1Assgn+last name+first initial
Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.

Rubric

NURS_6052_Module01_Week01_Assignment_Rubric

Criteria

Ratings

Pts

Write a brief analysis of the connection between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how evidence-based practice might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:· Patient experience· Population health· Costs· Work life of healthcare providers

85 to >76.0 pts

Excellent

The analysis clearly and accurately addresses in detail how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis accurately and thoroughly explains in detail how the four measures of patient experience, population health, costs, and work-life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources reviewed on the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim. The response fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the analysis provided with credible and detailed examples.

76 to >67.0 pts

Good

The analysis accurately addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis accurately explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis provides an accurate synthesis of at least one outside resource reviewed on the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim. The response integrates at least 1 outside resource and two or three course-specific resources that may support the analysis provided and may include some detailed examples.

67 to >59.0 pts

Fair

The analysis inaccurately or vaguely addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis inaccurately or vaguely explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim. … The analysis provides an inaccurate or vague analysis of the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim with a vague or inaccurate analysis of outside resources. The response minimally integrates resources that may support the analysis provided and may include vague or inaccurate examples.

59 to >0 pts

Poor

The analysis inaccurately and vaguely addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim or is missing. … The analysis inaccurately and vaguely explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim or is missing. … The analysis provides a vague and inaccurate analysis of the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim with a vague and inaccurate analysis of outside resources. The response fails to integrate any resources to support the analysis provided or is missing.

85 pts

Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. … A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

4 to >3.5 pts

Good

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. … Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated yet is brief and not descriptive.

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60–79% of the time. … Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

3 to >0 pts

Poor

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time. … No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided.

5 pts

Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

4 to >3.5 pts

Good

Contains a few (one or two) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair

Contains several (three or four) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

3 to >0 pts

Poor

Contains many (five or more) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

5 pts

Written Expression and Formatting—The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent

Uses correct APA format with no errors.

4 to >3.5 pts

Good

Contains a few (one or two) APA format errors.

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair

Contains several (three or four) APA format errors.

3 to >0 pts

Poor

Contains many (five or more) APA format errors.

5 pts

Total Points: 100