Change Management Presentation
Change Management Presentation
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Change management models are often used in health care to improve an organization’s cultural competency and sensitivity. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are planned and implemented by change management models that align with the organization’s overall strategic goals.
Part 1
Instructions
The chief human resources officer at your health care organization asked you to serve on a task force to help plan and implement a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiative. Specifically, you have been
tasked with helping to identify a change management model for planning and implementing a strategy for recruiting and retaining diverse talent.
Compare and contrast two change management models that can be used for the DEI initiative. Weigh the pros and cons of each model. Make a recommendation to the other members of the task force for which of the two models would be the best choice for the planning and implementation of the DEI initiative. Explain the rationale for your decision based on the pros and cons of each.
Barriers caused by organizational culture that can be encountered by nursing leaders that can make them feel powerless can be multiple factors. The culture that is found in organizations includes the values, customs, norms, beliefs and mores that dictate this how people behave within that culture. This cultures influences how people behave within that organization, for better or worse. Nurse leaders within a corporate model can feel powerless by a lack of communication from upper management, keeping employees uninformed, administration distancing themselves from employees, conflict among staff and lack of trust can leave nurse leaders feeling quite powerless within an organization. Some other barriers include: a lack of involvement, the negative image of nursing, a lack of enabling structures, a process which exclude nurses, and a lack of available resources (Shariff 2014). Nurse leaders may also come across barriers due to financial reasons and bureaucracy from upper management if the nurse leader is wanting to implement changes in their department or an area of management.
Part 2
Instructions
Explain the steps of the change management model you recommended in Part 1. Describe how the model may be used to help assess the need for change and create a lasting cultural change. Conduct searches in the Library for journal articles that address the topics of change management models, diversity, and culture change.
Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with the transition or transformation of an organization’s goals, processes or technologies. The purpose of change management is to implement strategies for effecting change, controlling change and helping people to adapt to change. Such strategies include having a structured procedure for requesting a change, as well as mechanisms for responding to requests and following them up.
To be effective, the change management process must take into consideration how an adjustment or replacement will impact processes, systems, and employees within the organization. There must be a process for planning and testing change, a process for communicating change, a process for scheduling and implementing change, a process for documenting change and a process for evaluating its effects. Documentation is a critical component of change management, not only to maintain an audit trail should a rollback become necessary but also to ensure compliance with internal and external controls, including regulatory compliance.
Types of organizational change
Change management can be used to manage many types of organizational change. The three most common types are:
Developmental change – Any organizational change that improves on previously established processes and procedures.
Transitional change – Change that moves an organization away from its current state to a new state in order to solve a problem, such as mergers and acquisitions and automation.
Transformational change – Change that radically and fundamentally alters the culture and operation of an organization. In transformational change, the end result may not be known. For example, a company may pursue entirely different products or markets.
Importance and effects of change management
As a conceptual business framework for people, processes and the organization, change management increases the success of critical projects and initiatives and improves a company’s ability to adapt quickly.
Business change is constant and inevitable, and when poorly managed has the potential to cause organizational stress as well as unnecessary, and costly re-work.
By standardizing the consistency and efficiency of assigned work, change management assures that the people asset of an organization is not overlooked. As changes to work occur, change management helps employees to understand their new roles and build a more process-driven culture.
Change management also encourages future company growth by allowing it to remain dynamic in the marketplace.
Popular models for managing change
Best practice models can provide guiding principles and help managers align the scope of proposed changes with available digital and nondigital tools. Popular models include:
ADKAR: The ADKAR model, created by Prosci founder Jeff Hiatt, consists of five sequential steps:
Awareness of the need for change;
Desire to participate in and support the change;
Knowledge about how to change;
Ability to implement change and behaviors; and
Reinforcement to sustain the change.
Bridges’ Transition Model: Change consultant William Bridges’ model focuses on how people adjust to change. The model features three stages: a stage for letting go, a stage of uncertainty and confusion and a stage for acceptance. Bridges’ model is sometimes compared to the Kübler-Ross five stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance).
IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL): The U.K. Cabinet Office and Capita plc oversee a framework that includes detailed guidance for managing change in IT operations and infrastructure.
Kotter’s 8-Step Process for Leading Change: Harvard University professor John Kotter’s model has eight steps:
increasing the urgency for change;
creating a powerful coalition for change;
creating a vision for change, communicating the vision;
removing obstacles;
creating short-term wins;
building on them; and
anchoring the change in corporate culture.
Lewin’s Change Management Model: Psychologist Kurt Lewin created a three-step framework that is also referred to as the Unfreeze-Change-Freeze (or Refreeze) model.
McKinsey 7S: Business consultants Robert H. Waterman Jr. and Tom Peters designed this model to holistically look at seven factors that affect change:
shared values;
strategy;
structure;
systems;
style;
staff; and
Popular change management tools
Digital and nondigital change management tools can help change management officers research, analyze, organize and implement changes. In a small company, the tools may simply consist of spreadsheets, Gantt charts and flowcharts. Larger organizations typically use software suites to maintain change logs digitally and provide stakeholders with an integrated, holistic view of change and its effects.
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Popular change management software applications include:
ChangeGear Change Manager (SunView Software): change management support for DevOpsand ITIL automation, as well as business roles.
ChangeScout (Deloitte): cloud-based organizational change management application for evaluating sea changes, as well as incremental changes.
eChangeManager (Giva): a cloud-based, stand-alone IT change management application.
Freshservice (Freshworks): an online ITIL change management solution featuring workflow customization capabilities and gamification features.
Remedy Change Management 9 (BMC Software): assistance for managers with planning, tracking and delivering successful changes that are compliant with ITIL and COBIT.
Change management certifications
Change management practitioners can earn certifications that recognize their ability to manage projects, manage people and guide an organization through a period of transition or transformation. Popular certifications for change management are issued by:
Change Management Institute (CMI): CMI offers Foundation, Specialist and Master certifications.
Prosci: The Change Management Certification validates the recipient is able to apply holistic change management methodologies and the ADKAR model to a project.
Association of Change Management Professionals (ACMP): ACMP offers a Certified Change Management Professional (CCMP) certification for best practices in change management.
Management and Strategy Institute (MSI): The Change Management Specialist (CMS) certification attests to the recipient’s ability to design and manage change programs.
Cornell University’s SC Johnson College of Business: The Change Leadership certification program was developed to authenticate a change agent’sability to carry out a change initiative. The certification requires four core courses and two leadership electives.
How change management works
To understand how change management works, it’s best to apply the concepts and tools to a specific area of business. Below, are examples of how change management works for project management, software development and IT infrastructure.
Change management for project management
Change management is an important part of project management. The project manager must examine change requests and determine the effect a change will have on the project as a whole. The person or team in charge of change control must evaluate the effect a change in one area of the project can have on other areas, including:
Scope: Change requests must be evaluated to determine how they will affect the project scope.
Schedule: Change requests must be assessed to determine how they will alter the project schedule.
Costs: Change requests must be evaluated to determine how they will affect project costs. Labor is typically the largest expense on a project, so overages on completing project tasks can quickly drive changes to the project costs.
Quality: Change requests must be evaluated to determine how they will affect the quality of the completed project. Changes to the project schedule, in particular, can affect quality as the workforce may generate defects in work that is rushed.
Human resources: Change requests must be evaluated to determine if additional or specialized labor is required. When the project schedule changes, the project manager may lose key resources to other assignments.
Communications: Approved change requests must be communicated to the appropriate stakeholders at the appropriate time.
Risk: Change requests must be evaluated to determine what risks they pose. Even minor changes can have a domino effect on the project and introduce logistical, financial or security risks.
Procurement: Changes to the project may affect procurement efforts for materials and contract labor.
Stakeholders: Changes to the project can affect who is a stakeholder, in addition to the stakeholders’ synergy, excitement and support of the project.
When an incremental change has been approved, the project manager will document the change in one of four standard change control systems to ensure all thoughts and insight have been captured with the change request. (Changes that are not entered through a control system are labeled defects.) When a change request is declined, this is also documented and kept as part of the project archives.
Change management for software development
In software project management, change management strategies and tools help developers manage changes to code and its associated documentation. Agile software development environments actually encourage changes for requirements and/or the user interface (UI). Change is not addressed in the middle of an iteration, however; they are scheduled as stories or features for future iterations.
Version control software tools assist with documentation and prevent more than one person from making changes to code at the same time. Such tools have capabilities to track changes and back out changes when necessary.
Change management for IT infrastructure
Change management tools are also used to track changes made to an IT department’s hardware infrastructure. As with other types of change management, standardized methods and procedures ensure every change made to the infrastructure is assessed, approved, documented, implemented and reviewed in a systematic manner.
When changes are made to hardware settings, it may also be referred to as configuration management (CM). Technicians use configuration management tools to review the entire collection of related systems and verify the effects a change made to one system has on other systems.
Change management challenges
Companies developing a change management program from the ground up often face daunting challenges. In addition to a thorough understanding of company culture, the change management process requires an accurate accounting of the systems, applications and employees to be affected by a change. Additional change management challenges include:
Resource management – Managing the physical, financial, human, informational and intangible assets/resources that contribute to an organization’s strategic plan becomes increasingly difficult when implementing change.
Resistance – The executives and employees who are most affected by a change may resist it. Since change may result in unwanted extra work, ongoing resistance is common. Transparency, training, planning and patience can help quell resistance and improve overall morale.
Communication – Companies often fail to consistently communicate change initiatives or include its employees in the process. Change-related communication requires an adequate number of messages, the involvement of enough stakeholders to get the message out and multiple communication channels.
New technology – The application of new technologies can disrupt an employee’s entire workflow. Failure to plan ahead will stall change. Companies may avoid this by creating a network of early learners who can champion the new technology.
Multiple points of view – In change management, success factors differ for everyone based on their role in the organization. This creates a challenge in terms of managing multiple priorities simultaneously.
Scheduling issues – Deciding whether a change program will be long or short-term, and clearly defining milestone deadlines is complicated. Some organizations believe that shorter change programs are most effective. Others prefer a more gradual approach, as it may reduce resistance and errors.
Executive Summary
The healthcare organization deals with a high rate of patient readmission. The high rate of readmission within 30 days after the patient has been discharged indicates poor management of patients during transition stage. A key goals of the healthcare organization is to ensure that there is no readmission of patients discharged. Readmission means more cost for the patient and poor health outcomes. As a nurse, it indicates the need to effectively manage the conditions that lead to increased readmission.
Change and Justification
The change process seeks to address the high readmission rate among the patients. The healthcare organization has to deal with the financial penalties imposed due to the high readmission rate. In addition, the patients have to deal with a high cost of care. The proposed change seeks to ensure that there is better adherence to the treatment plan. Many patients fail to adhere to the treatment plan when they transition from the hospital to home. Failure to take medication means that the recovery process will be delayed. The change will involve all nurses who will be tasked with providing the patients’ education as they transition from the care facility to home.
Scope of Change
The need to make improvements in the current discharge process is an indication that the type of change being implemented is developmental change. The change seeks to make adjustments to the process of discharging patients from the hospital facility. There is a need to have more involvement of nurses in the discharge process and the post-discharge stage.
Stakeholders and Management Team
The management team will consist of three nurse leaders, finance manager, project manager, operation manager, and human resource department members. The team will be assigned different functions intended to make the intervention successful. The nurse leaders will communicate the change and guide the rest of the nurses to adjust to the enacted changes. Also, the patients will have to be educated before discharge to ensure adherence to the treatment plan.
Communicating Change
Emails and newsletters will be used to communicate the change process to the stakeholders. Use of emails will detail to the stakeholders their role and what is expected as a result of the change process. The stakeholders will also have a two-way communication where they can inquire and seek clarification regarding the change process.
Risk Mitigation
Various strategies will be implemented to eliminate the occurrence of risk when implementing the change process. The occurrence of risks that increase the cost of implementing the change will be eliminated by going over on the budget. The excessive budgetary allocation will cover incidences involving increased costs when implementing the change process. In addition, working with deadlines will ensure that the risks of being behind schedule are reduced.