Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

NURS 8310 Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

Walden University Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

The introduction for the Walden University Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

After the introduction, move into the main part of the Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

The most recent public health initiative is the COVID-19 vaccination. A public health initiative is something that countries use to make public leaders aware of certain health practices. During a pandemic such as the one we face now with COVID-19 there are going to be plenty of health initiatives. Some examples from the begining of the pandemic include: social distancing, wearing face mask and hand hygiene. In order for a health practice to take place it has to be seen and suggested. We started seeing social distancing signs, increased hand sanitizer stations and masks. First there is the suggestion before it becomes a guideline. After increasing cases and increasing seriousness of the situation. Leaders began to step in and create guidelines that needed to be follow. A shut down and mask mandate occured within the first year of the pandemic. The rush to develop a vaccine quickly started. All of these things were public health initiatives to keep the public safe. “Public health experts, economists, social scientists, and bioethicists must work jointly to assist governments in developing interventions that protect the overall societal well-being.” (Escandon, Rasmussen, Bogoch, Murray, Escandon, Popescu & Kindrachuk, 2021)

The cultural factors related to this health initiative is whether or not is relates to the ideas of society. Every person has different views and ideas related to health practices. Each person has different political and legislative views as well. With this pandemic and the initiatives that came with it, we have seen that first hand. The constant question related to the vaccine. Is it ethical and is it legal? There are many players involved in the legislative process. “Advocacy is a key element of policymaking, which can, and has been, used to advance population health efforts.” (Nash, Skoufalos, Fabius * Oglesby, 2001) The current legislation wold most likely positively effect the pandemic in regards to making things safe for the public and bringing and end to the pandemic. COVID continues to evolve and mutate which is causing the decision making to be harder when it comes to the wellbeing of the public.

Escandón, K., Rasmussen, A. L., Bogoch, I. I., Murray, E. J., Escandón, K., Popescu, S. V., & Kindrachuk, J. (2021). COVID-19 false dichotomies and a comprehensive review of the evidence regarding public health, COVID-19 symptomatology, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mask wearing, and reinfection. BMC infectious diseases, 21(1), 710. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06357-4

Nash, D. B., Skoufalos, A., Fabius, R. J. & Oglesby, W. H. (2021). Policy and advocacy. In Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Public Health Institue, (n.d) PHIs Communities Rise Awarded $10 million for COVID-19 Equity Work form US Department of Health and Human Services. Retireved from https://www.phi.org/press/hhs-provides-66-5-million-to-expand-community-based-outreach-efforts-to-increase-covid-19-vaccinations/

Sample Answer 2 for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

Initiatives are vital to public health, providing information of disparities in the community. As proposals are presented, they have more than a few variables to consider, in its development. The purpose of this entry is to explore a public health initiative retrieved from the CDC website analyze variables related to and evaluate current health legislation of the initiative.

“Prevention Through Design: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/default.html”

A current public health initiative presented by the Center of Disease Control (CDC) called Prevention Thought Design, aims to

occupational grievances, ailments, and casualties through functional design. NIOSH (n.d.) positions that “PtD encompasses all of the efforts to anticipate and design out hazards to workers in facilities, work methods and operations, processes, equipment, tools, products, new technologies, and the organization of work. The focus of PtD is on workers who execute the designs or have to work with the products of the design. The initiative has been developed to support designing out hazards, the most reliable and effective type of prevention” (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], n.d., Defining PtD section). This initiative provides support on a national level.

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Culturally, this initiative is sans bias. Ethical considerations for this initiative will have to consider the working class of physical workers. The approach that will be used to develop and implement the PtD National Initiative will be framed by industry sector and within four functional areas: Research, Education, Practice, and Policy (NIOSH, n.d., Approach section). Legally, the initiative’s goal is to protect workers thought he use of science, to prevent injuries. I am unsure, but not surprised, of the legal factors that may be presented for this population. Participants in a culture of health and wellness pursue and achieve higher levels of health and wellness than the general population does (Nash et al., 2021, p. 276). Unfortunately, this program is not applied to healthcare workers.

Current legislation for occupational health hazards in Virginia is managed by Virginia Occupational Safety and Health (VOSH). VOSH (n.d.) positions “VOSH is responsible for the enforcement of occupational safety and health standards; Compliance officers inspect workplaces for hazardous conditions and issue citations where violations of VOSH regulations are found; Inspections may be the result of regular scheduling, imminent danger reports, fatalities, and worker complaints or referrals” (Occupational and Safety Health Administration [OSHA], n.d., para. 11). This initiative focuses on general industry, construction, and agriculture only. This is a positive for that genre of work, less responsive for those that work outside of those parameters.

Factors that impact public health are abundant, yet there are proposals in place. Initiatives are developed to address the issues presented. From a national to state level, enterprises are born and grow with knowledge.

References

Nash, D. B., Skoufalos, A., Fabius, R. J., & Oglesby, W. H. (2021). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett.

Occupational and Safety Health Administration. (n.d.). Virginia State Plan. www.osha.gov. https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/va

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (n.d.). Prevention Through Safety. www.CDC.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/default.html

Sample Answer 3 for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

Laytoya, your post was very interesting to read because I had not heard about the Prevention Through Design program (NIOSH Public Safety Program, 2019). Eliminating safety hazards and focusing on the well-being of employees is certainly a worthwhile goal. Replacing tools and machinery that are outdated or worn can only benefit manufacturing worksites. Since work-related injuries and illnesses burden the economy with approximately $250 billion annually, ongoing investigation of work environments, safety measures already in place like fire extinguishers and hazard showers, and more efficiently designed workspace can only reduce the number of negative occurrences and reduce the cost of related instances.

In 2019, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) released a report concerning the US hospitals’ work-related injury and illness status (Worker safety in hospitals, n.d.). It found that 5.5 of these events per 100 employees account for twice the rate in the whole of private industry. Injuries resulting from manual lifting of patients not only exposes the employees to sprains and severe pain from muscle overuse, but also puts patients at risk for falls resulting in fractures, bruises, and skin tears. This one fact alone compels the medical community to reassess protocols and provide mechanical aids for lifting and rolling patients in bed. My personal experiences also include trash collection delays, unpacked supplies, and equipment improperly returned to storage. I agree that we need a CDC monitored Prevention Through Design program instituted as quickly as possible.

References

NIOSH Public Safety Program. (2019). In CDC. Retrieved from

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2019-169/default.html

Worker safety in Hospitals. (n.d.). In United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from

https://www.osha.gov/hospitals

Sample Answer 4 for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

This is a great work on the National Action Plan (NAP) for combating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). MDR-TB is an increasing global security risk. Global economy and health systems are likely to suffer because of huge financial burden for treatment of MDR-TB and the load that it places on health care providers, settings, and health systems (Kendall et al., 2017). The implementation of NAP focuses on the efforts by the government of the United States and its partners within the legal framework. The efforts entail implementation of new and available technological and scientific tools, evidence, experience, and proficiency gained from years of addressing TB in the U.S and globally. Essentially, the effort of NAP in addressing MDR-TB is not merely a commitment or budget document. There are various legislative factors that guide various activities in the NAP. For instance, the Congress is expected to legislate on budgetary issues and other approvals, including balancing of priorities and existing resources in developing annual budget (Samal, 2018).

References

Kendall, E. A., Azman, A. S., Cobelens, F. G., & Dowdy, D. W. (2017). MDR-TB treatment as prevention: The projected population-level impact of expanded treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PloS one, 12(3), e0172748. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172748

Samal, J. (2018). Health System and Policy Perspectives of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Control in India. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 3(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133317740448

Sample Answer 4 for Discussion 2: Factors That Impact Population Health

My selected public health initiative is the national action plan (NAP) for combating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The United States (U.S.) initiated the NAP against the MDR-TB to expand global efforts to fight the disease, save lives, and prevent its spread both in the U.S. and worldwide. The NAP to combat the MDR-TB identifies a set of targeted interventions that address the core domestic and global challenges posed by MDR-TB (The United States Agency for International Development [USAID], 2020). The main goals of the NAP include strengthening domestic capacity to combat MDR-TB, improving the international capacity and collaboration against MDR-TB, and accelerating basic and applied research and development to combat MDR-TB (De Vries et al., 2017). For more information about NAP, click:

Analysis of the Selected Public Health Initiative

The rise in drug-resistant TB and the outbreaks of MDR-TB pose serious underlying problems in the health care infrastructure in the U.S. For instance, there is an increasing proportion of TB in people who were born in other countries or who are homeless, who have a mental illness or substance use, or other socioeconomic or medical problems, such as HIV, that make compliance with treatment difficult (De Vries et al., 2017; Nash et al., 2021). Thus, cultural concepts about illness causation and associated behaviors should be considered priorities to facilitate improvement in the initiative performance. Also, unethical exposure of TB patients to discriminative issues due to prejudice and bias from health care workers may negatively impact the initiative (Nash et al., 2021). Socioeconomic and patient factors such as behavior, demographic characteristics, and attitudes can lead to unfavorable MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Also, cases of unfavorable treatment outcomes may give rise to further transmission of MDR-TB, risking the development of extensive drug resistance (De Vries et al., 2017).

In the U.S., there is already political and regulatory support for the fight against MDR-TB. In collaboration with the world health organization (WHO), there has been a political will to enhance policy community cohesion (Sakamoto et al., 2019). Also, community health workers, including public health nurses, play a crucial role in reducing the MDR-TB burden globally. The contribution of public health workers in disease detection and management through regulation has resulted in a rapid decline in MDR-TB prevalence (Sakamoto et al., 2019; Nash et al., 2021).

Impact of the Current Health Care Legislation on the NAP Initiative

The current health care legislation necessitates the need for TB surveillance, reporting, and vaccination (Global Health Agency, 2021). The U.S. government’s global TB efforts have increased through funding having legal support. In 2021, for instance, the U.S government released 332 million dollars to enhance the global fight against TB. Currently, USAID serves as the lead implementing agency for the U.S. global TB efforts, reaching more than 50 countries worldwide (Global Health Agency, 2021). Additionally, the current health care legislation has enhanced bilateral TB programs in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to accelerate detection, treatment, and scale-up prevention of MDR-TB (Global Health Agency, 2021). Thus, such U.S. involvement through regulation can enhance the fight against MDR-TB.

Conclusion

The U.S. government initiated the NAP program in the global effort to fight MDR-TB. Cultural and ethical issues such as patient behaviors and discrimination should be considered for the effective implementation of the NAP initiative. Also, the political and legal support of the MDR-TB initiative has enhanced its implementation through increased funding. Lastly, the current health care legislation on TB surveillance, testing, and vaccination has resulted in the decline of MDR-TB cases worldwide.

References

De Vries, G., Tsolova, S., Anderson, L. F., Gebhard, A. C., Heldal, E., Hollo, V., … & Van der Werf, M. J. (2017). Health system factors influencing the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in four European Union countries-learning from country experiences. Bio-Med Central Public Health, 17(1), 1-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12889-017-4216-9

Global Health Agency (2021). The U.S. government and global tuberculosis efforts. https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-global-tuberculosis-efforts/

Nash, D. B., Skoufalos, A., Fabius, R. J. & Oglesby, W. H. (2021). Policy and advocacy. In population health: Creating a culture of wellness (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sakamoto, H., Lee, S., Ishizuka, A., Hinoshita, E., Hori, H., Ishibashi, N., … & Shibuya, K. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for eliminating tuberculosis–Leveraging political momentum of the UN high-level meeting on tuberculosis. Bio-Med Central Public Health, 19(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6399-8

The United States Agency for International Development (2020). National action plan for combating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/health-areas/tuberculosis/national-action-plan-combating-mdr-tb