DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1 Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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DNP 805 Topic 4 DQ 1
Select a defined patient population; for example, diabetic patients over 65 years of age. List elements that you think will be valuable in a database. Describe each element and explain each term of its type of data (text, numbers, date, time, binary, etc.). If an element can be more than one type of data, explain how that is possible. Be sure to post an element different from that of your peers.
REPLY TO DISCUSSION
Databases are a type of information collection that is related to and linked to the things that are being evaluated. In the twenty-first century, they have become an essential component of our daily lives, whether logical or physical. There are databases for various fields, and the information collected varies according to the field. This information could be gathered in a variety of formats, such as spreadsheets, files, indexes, and tables (Alexander, Hoy, & Frith, 2019). Understanding how databases work in terms of structure, design, management, application, and data storage is required for database implementation.
Databases are used in healthcare to store massive amounts of data such as demographics, diagnoses, treatment plans, patient care plans, medications, and care progressions, as well as to respond to complex inquiries. These databases are simple to recover data from and are rapidly improved and updated for faster access, allowing HCP to easily exchange information (Alexander, Hoy, & Frith, 2019).
The patient population chosen for this database is heart failure. Heart failure is a syndrome characterized by increased heart pressures or decreased cardiac output when the heart’s systolic and diastolic functions fail, resulting in symptoms such as constant shortness of breath, Bilat lower extremity edema, fatigue, and the possibility of needing to use oxygen continuously (Knc, & Gürdoan, 2022).
Some of the elements needed for chronic heart failure will be demographics which will include the age-number, gender-text, vital signs-numeric, intake and output-numeric, weight gain or loss-numeric, medications-text, frequency of shortness of breath-text and numeric, time of day-time, when short of breath occurs most-text and numeric (Newman, 2019).
The frequency of sob could be text because you are noting that there is frequency of sob and then also noting how many times it occurs. Likewise, when the shortness of breath occurs most can be text as well as at what time it occurs most often.
References:
Alexander, S., Hoy, H., & Frith, K. (2019). Applied clinical informatics for nurses (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Kınıcı, E., & Gürdoğan, E. P. (2022). Hopelessness, Health Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of Education & Research in Nursing / Hemsirelikte Egitim ve Arastirma Dergisi, 19(1), 49–55. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.5152/jern.2022.79745
Newman, D. (2019). Healthcare database concepts – Databases in healthcare. Healthcare IT Skills, Health Information Technology Career Advice, Healthcare IT Certifications, Project Management, Job Tips. https://healthcareitskills.com/databases-in-healthcare-database-concepts/
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REPLY
Good post. Of the elements you discussed, why did you choose the ones you did?
REPLY
Hello Dr. Gabua, I choose these elements to focus more on them and also because they are some of the elements that I see displayed by my mother who has chronic heart failure though on a mild scale. She is not in these statistics yet of being depressed and hopeless because of the frequent hospitalizations and duration of hospital stay which would lead to a higher mortality rate. Thank God that I am there to keep an eye on her and support her. She is on a regimen of medications for the heart, blood pressure and water pill. She has to perform minimum to moderate exercises as she can tolerate and monitor her urine output. She has to adjust and make some lifestyle changes which we all have to follow her to adjust to make it easy on her and myself when we cook. Like monitoring the salt and water intake and output as well as the color of the urine. Thank God that she is not living alone, I am there to support her. Also, research notes that the symptoms of HF and depression overlap, so it is difficult to pinpoint the cause of the symptom with a depression screening. The two conditions have similar symptoms which include weakness, reduced physical activity, lack of energy, weight gain or loss, sleep pattern changes and cognitive decrease or concentration. It is noted that exercise therapy is safe for the chronic HF patients because it helps to decrease the symptoms of depression and increase their quality of life and there is no medication drug-drug interaction (Wilhelm, Davis, Sharpe, & Waters, 2022).
Reference:
Wilhelm, E. A., Davis, L. L., Sharpe, L., & Waters, S. (2022). Assess and address: Screening and management of depression in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 34(5), 769-779. https://doi.org/10.1097/jxx.0000000000000701
REPLY
Thank you for your post, I agree with you that databases are used to store large quantity of data, such as for record keeping of patient information. Databases in healthcare sectors provide a proper system for storing, organizing, and managing critical health statistics such as labs, finances, billing and payments, patient identification, and more. This information must remain confidential to the public, but easily accessible for the healthcare professionals who use this data to save lives. The importance of database technology in healthcare cannot be overstated, it’s crucial for doctors, providers, and management teams to access in-depth health data quickly and without error. Healthcare operations, from large-scale to individual processes, depending on the accuracy and efficiency of healthcare databases. A healthcare database management system is an essential tool for databases in healthcare industries (Newman, D. 2019).
Databases used in the healthcare industry can store loads of information and can assist with several tasks, including the most important healthcare mission of saving lives. Along with supporting the daily operations of healthcare professionals, databases must also be efficient so that healthcare professionals can quickly and easily access relevant information when necessary.
Chronic heart failure (CHF)serves as a hospitalization’s primary cause for individuals beyond age 65, thereby representing burdens – such as economic and clinical. In addition, about half of hospital re-admissions are related to co-morbidities, polypharmacy, and disabilities associated with CHF (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Age: Coinciding with age advancement resides the risk of heart, the primary reason for hospitalization among individuals 65 years and beyond (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Gender: Males present a higher inclination towards heart failure than their female counterparts. In contrast, females present themselves with a higher disposition towards developing diastolic heart failure (heart muscle fails to enter a relaxed state) (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Demographics: Heart disease trends indicate an increased likelihood of possessing a causal relationship with differences from either race or geography, dealing with treatment concerning heart disease prevention. Case in point, researchers had uncovered that within the Deep aspects of the South, traits such as the absence of physical activity, heightened blood pressure, as well as obesity was deemed conventional (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Ethnicity: African-Americans are presented at a higher likelihood than their white counterparts of heart failure development prior to age 50 and pass away (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Genetics and Familial history: Individuals who are possessors of cardiomyopathies familial history (diseases inducing heart muscle injuries) see a higher heart failure likelihood. Researchers undergo investigation of genetic variants hailing from varying natures, which are accountable for the heightened potentiality of heart failure (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Comorbid Conditions: Diabetes, IHD, accompanied by hypertension, has undergone consistent reporting as a condition of comorbid nature, occurring within the initial heart failure hospitalization (Tahhan et al., 2018). Furthermore, individuals with diabetes see a high inclination toward heart failure, especially if individuals are also possessors of either increased blood pressure or even coronary artery disease (Tahhan et al., 2018). In addition, some instances of diabetes medications like rosiglitazone (Avandia) alongside pioglitazone (Actos) coincide with the potentiality of either worsening or inducing heart failure (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Furthermore, the increase of risk pertaining to heart failure is indicative of how diabetes is accountable for inducing kidney disease. Hypertension served as the most conventional comorbid condition (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Socioeconomic Status: We assessed Medicaid eligibility as a potential surrogate for socioeconomic status that might affect survival. African American patients were three times more likely to be eligible for Medicaid than were Caucasian patients. In addition, women were possessors inclining twice as high to qualify for Medicaid compared to their male counterparts (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Lifestyle Factors: Immobile livelihoods, engagement in smoking, consumption of alcohol, and drug abuse can heighten heart failure. Obesity is associated with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, placing people at risk for heart failure. Evidence strongly suggests that obesity is a significant risk factor for heart failure, particularly in women (Tahhan et al., 2018).
Reference
Tahhan, A. S., Vaduganathan, M., Greene, S. J., Fonarow, G. C., Fiuzat, M., Jessup, M., … & Butler, J. (2018).
Enrollment of older patients, women, and racial and ethnic minorities in contemporary heart failure clinical trials: a systematic review. JAMA cardiology, 3(10), 1011-1019.failure clinical trials: a systematic review. JAMA cardiology, 3(10), 1011-1019.
Healthcare databases are very essential in the sense that they assist with diagnosis and treatment, manage documentation and billing, and help reduce errors in medical operations and management. (DNSstuff.com, 2021). The patient information needed in a database will include age, ethnicity, gender, social lifestyle, comorbidities, and family history. Databases store data regarding diseases, diagnosis, treatments, medication, medical devices, medical practices, and other pertinent details about medical professionals. With the progressive advancements in technology, databases have become more technologically advanced and complex. Carter states that a server can provide a wide range of basic data types that can store data in various forms such as numeric, alphanumerical, and binary data (Carter, 2018).
The patient population selected for the database is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients 65 years and older. Kidney failure or chronic kidney disease has become a very serious global health issue. There are currently over 1.4 million patients receiving renal replacement therapy worldwide (Kazancioğlu, 2013). Kidney disease is categorized into stages – stage 1 being the earliest stage and stage 5 being the end-stage that would require dialysis or kidney transplant. The risk factors of CKD are Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Proteinuria, Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular disease, Glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease, Metabolic acidosis, Smoking, and a High-protein diet. These risk factors are considered modifiable factors. The non-modifiable risk factors are old age, Race/ethnicity, Gender, Low birth weight, and Family history. Through various databases, we ascertain that more men have CKD than women, and African Americans are also much more likely to have CKD than Caucasians (Mallappallil, et al, 2015).
When recording information in a database for patients diagnosed with CKD, the most relevant information is the patient’s demographics, and age because older age is a predictor of CKD, and 11% of individuals older than 65 years without hypertension or diabetes have creatinine levels that fall in stage 3 or worse CKD levels. (Mallappallil, et al, 2015). Since race/ethnicity and gender are risk factors, they are important information necessary for recording in the database, CKD is more prevalent among African Americans than among Caucasians, and men are more prone to CKD than women. Together with patients’ demographic information, the health information adds up to a significant amount of data. These powerful, well-designed databases can only be accessed by those who need them and have access to them. Most importantly, the data can be pre-processed so that it arrives in the required form without complexities.
References
Carter, P. (2018). SQL Server Advanced Data Types:
JSON, XML, and Beyondhttps://books.google.com › books
Mallappallil, M, Friedman, E. A. Delano, B. G., McFarlane, S.I, and Salifu. M.O. (2014).
Chronic kidney disease in the elderly: evaluation and … – NCBIhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC4291282
DNSSTUFF.com. (2021). How Important Are Databases in the Healthcare System?
https://www.dnsstuff.com › how-important-database-healt…
Kazancioğlu, R. (2013) Kidney International Supplements
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089662/
Renal patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk for adverse events because oftentimes the CKD is accompanied by other chronic illnesses. For example, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. People with CKD are at increased risk of strokes, heart disease, and heart failure. (CDC, 2022). Medicare cost for CKD is more than 80 billion dollars annually. (CDC, 2022)
The ability technology provides in improving and managing chronic illness would be possible without electronic medical records providing medical databases to monitor patients with multiple chronic illnesses.
Databases provide an organized collection of data that provides useful information. (Newman, D., 2016) Databases provide comprehensive sources of information to assess population health patterns of illness, injury, and healthcare needs, improve the quality of care in healthcare systems, and improve the cost-effectiveness of health care. Databases that are used by healthcare professionals hold various elements such as demographic, administrative, and health risks/status. These elements help to provide a dashboard healthcare professional can use to provide individualized patient care. (Alexander, et al, 2019)
Decision-support systems, specific analyses, reports, mining, and processing to optimize resources to provide quality evidence-based guidelines, and alerts, and that improve safety for patients. (Alexander, et al, 2019)
Relational databases’ long-term data storage and manipulation collaboration across disciplines for the design process, decrease the redundancy of data. (Alexander, et al, 2019).
Elements within relational databases.
Query: used to connect records from multiple indexes. Searching for a list of patients with CKD age 45 and older.
Reports: preconstructed processes for retrieving information from selected data fields. The ability to retrieve well-organized provides efficient workflows when performing quality assurance chart reviews. Having reports to retrieve data for CKD patients age 45 and older monitoring renal function, cholesterol levels, urinalysis, etc. (Alexander, et al, 2019) Performing chart scrubs, this information is valuable and easy to access in the health plan setting. Ensuring that providers/clinicians are accurately monitoring and performing necessary standards of care for the patient.
Forms: Information is entered on forms. This is useful when the member’s name is inserted based on the date of birth and medical record number. The data inserted may alert forms that need to be completed. (Alexander, et al, 2019) Example for CKD patients alerts that it is time to have labs drawn, immunization update, renal imaging, etc.
Integrity and Security: Data, not input correctly can cause many adverse events. Medical databases require specific guidelines to regulate. The fact that the database contains personal health information requires high security. When implementing a new system, it should be properly vetted based on Medicare regulations and incentives for monitoring CKD patients.
The importance of using a relational database is the ability to break it down into models to best utilize inputted data. For example, the entity-relationship (ER) model provides the ability to describe data and relationships. By inserting the name and date of birth, one entity is linked to another forming relationships associated with patient history-medications, diagnosis, gaps in care, etc.
Health care organizations such as health plans are dependent upon the use of databases to monitor the care members receive. Information is obtained for quality assurance, quality improvement, grievances, and to find gaps in care that negatively impacts the member and or company.
Alexander, S., Frith, K. H., & Hoy, H. (Eds.). (2019). Applied clinical informatics for nurses (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13: 9781284129175
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Chronic kidney disease: common-serious-costly. https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/prevention-risk/CKD-common-serious-costly.html
Newman, D. (2016) Healthcare database concepts- databases in healthcare. https://healthcareitskills.com/databases-in-healthcare-database-concepts/