DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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DNP 815 Topic 3 DQ 1
Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement. Provide examples and literature support. Explain how these theories guide nursing practice and how nursing practice and theories guide research.
Sample Answer for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Types of Nursing Theories
Dickoff and James (1968) described four types of theory: (1) descriptive, (2) explanatory, (3) predictive, and (4) prescriptive.
Descriptive theories are the first and most important level of theory development as they determine what will be perceived as the essence of the phenomenon under study. Descriptive theories describe, observe, and name concepts, properties, and dimensions but they don’t explain the interrelationships among concepts or propositions, and they don’t indicate how changes in one concept affect other concepts. There are two major types of descriptive theories. The first one is Naming Theories which describe the dimensions or characteristics of a phenomenon. The second type of descriptive theories is Classification Theories which describe dimensions or characteristics of a phenomenon that are structurally interrelated and are sometimes referred to as a typologies or taxonomies. Descriptive theories are generated and tested by descriptive or exploratory research.
Explanatory theories are the second level in theory development. They relate concepts to one another and describe and specify some of the associations or interrelations between and among the concept. This type of theories attempt to tell how or why the concepts are related and may deal with causality, correlations, and rules that regulate interactions.
Predictive theories intend to describe precise relationships between concepts and are the third level of theory development. Predictive theories are generated and tested by experimental research and are able to describe future outcomes
Prescriptive theories which are the highest level of theory development prescrib
e activities necessary to reach
defined goals. In nursing, prescriptive theories address nursing therapeutics and predict the consequences of interventions. Prescriptive theories have three basic components: (1) specified goals or outcomes, (2) explicit activities to be taken to meet the goal, and (3) a survey list that articulates the conceptual basis of the theory.
Kolcaba’s Theory
Krinsky, R., Murillo, I., & Johnson, J. (2014). A practical application of Katherine Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory to cardiac patients. Applied Nursing Research, 27, 147-150. Doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2014.02.004.
In this article, Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory is applied to cardiac nursing. The specific intervention of “quiet time” is described as a potential intervention for patients who are suffering from multiple symptoms from cardiac syndromes.
Sample Answer 2 for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Kolcaba’s Theory in Action: Optional Activity
Nursing theories are meant to stimulate and support knowledge development related to effectively exploring, predicating, describing, defining, and (sometimes) controlling nursing phenomena.
Kolcaba’s work is ground breaking in that she created a theory to facilitate deepened understanding of a common, yet critical concept that is often unexamined because it is considered a by-product of good nursing care rather than end in itself. The two publications listed below, which are electronically accessible in the major database, demonstrate Kolcaba’s theory in action:
March, A. & McCormack, D. (2009). Modifying Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory as an institution-wide approach. Holistic Nursing Practice, 23(1), 75-80. Doi:10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181a1105b.
The authors of this article discuss how slightly modifying Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory could facilitate its interdisciplinary use to support continuity of care within one institution.
Sample Answer 4 for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
I really like this article. I truly believe that healthcare providers, whether it be doctors or nurses, need to provide care in a holistic stance. This means we must take care of the client in more than just a medical or physical sense. We need to understand that the client is another human being that needs support and help much like we would in the same situation. We are to take that understanding and provide a holistic sense of care to ensure we are healing the client fully rather than placing a bandaid on a wound. Now, this article talks about how collaboration amongst healthcare workers is one of the ways to provide holistic care to the client. In my project, this is precisely what I am focusing on. I am focusing on the proper communication amongst the staff nurses between shifts to ensure that everyone is on the same page and that the client is getting the care he or she needs based on the collaboration amongst staff members. Collaboration, as we all know, begins with proper communication. My approach is to standardize this communication to ensure things are no longer missed, and errors are prevented in care. This will, in turn, increase the client’s healing ability and health and decrease the length of stay in the hospital setting.
Sample Answer 5 for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Over the past 50 years, middle-range theories have been developed which are guiding nursing practice (Liehr & Smith, 2017). The push towards evidence-based practice in Magnet Hospitals and DNP programs has brought to light the importance of these theories. In looking at middle-range theories for a chronic illness or congestive heart failure (CHF|), Riegel’s Theory of Self-Care of Chronic illness describes how self-care is performed when someone is healthy and with chronic illness (Riegel et al., 2019). There are three concepts to Riegel’s theory which include self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. Those who perform different self-care activities regardless of their health status will have a higher quality of life. For someone which a chronic illness such as CHF, self-care may be able to decrease any exacerbations and treat symptoms appropriately. This model aids nursing in assisting the patient in understanding that the decisions they make in their care will positively or negatively impact their quality of life. Riegel’s Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness can be a foundation for direct practice improvement for congestive heart failure, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
In contrast, Jean Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring is focused on the care that nursing gives to the patient and how caring interventions can be delivered to the patient through therapeutic communication and human touch (Wei et al., 2019). Using Watson’s theory in the daily practice of nursing benefits the patient and the nurse through nursing satisfaction, nursing practice, and patient safety. A foundation for a facility that provides quality patient care is an organization that provides a caring environment to colleagues and patients. The impact on patient safety comes from caring attitudes towards each other, confidence building, and maximizing teamwork and professionalism. As nursing turnover continues to increase, Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring needs to be incorporated into nursing programs, preceptor, and mentor programs to ensure that we care for our patients and each other.
References
Liehr, P., & Smith, M. J. (2017). Middle range theories. In J. Fitzpatrick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of nursing research (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Credo Reference: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/spennurres/middle_range_theories/0?institutionId=5865
Riegel, B., Jaarsma, T., Lee, C. & Strömberg, A. (2019). Integrating Symptoms Into the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 42 (3), 206-215. https://oce-ovid-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/article/00012272-201907000-00006/HTML
Wei, H., Fazzone, P. A., Sitzman, K., & Hardin, S. R. (2019). The Current Intervention Studies Based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: A Systematic Review. International Journal for Human Caring, 23(1), 4–22. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.20467/1091-5710.23.1.4
Sample Answer 6 for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Middle range theory focused on the defined elements of the reality of nursing wherein these theories are composed of concepts that can be illustrated in a model and developed in the circle of research and practice to maintain guidance for daily practice, and the discipline of nursing is rooted into research (Liehr & Smith, 2017).
One of the middle-range theories that could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement is Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing which consists of three parts: theory of nursing systems, self-care, and theory of self-care deficit (Drevenhorn, 2018). Hypotheses for the theory are that individuals should manage to care for themselves needed to maintain continuing daily care by developing and exercising practical and intellectual abilities. Self-care is the capability to take care of themselves which affects their health, interests, and well-being, while self-care deficit is not meeting the components of therapeutic self-care (Drevenhorn, 2018). In hypertension, the self-care deficit means an individual is not willing to perform lifestyle changes or medication compliance. In order to meet the self-care deficit of an individual, nurses developed nursing actions based on patient-centered communication, shared decision-making, and goal setting of what was agreed upon. It is a big challenge for the nurse to help the patient understand the seriousness of the illness. The integration of Orem’s self-care theory is pertinent to patient education.
Newcomb’s Symptom Management Theory (SMT) is another deductive, middle-range theory composed of three factors within the domain of nursing care consisting of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and status outcomes (Shankel & Wofford, 2016).
Patients with chronic conditions such as hypertension deal with persistent and contributing symptoms for a long period of time between visits to their primary provider and are left to interpret their own symptoms through the lens of their knowledge and previous actions, and maybe symptom management strategies that are not evidence-based. Chronic disease telemonitoring is a symptom management strategy itself to fill a needed gap where it recognizes symptom experiences, applying timely and cost-effective leadership strategies for an improved outcome (Shankel & Wofford, 2016). The demand for chronic diseases is rising, and the costs exceed the government’s ability to pay. The adaptation to SMT can provide a structure to meet the needs of a patient in a timely manner, decrease the utilization of healthcare and overall costs, and make sure that it is established in a strong theoretical framework.
References
Drevenhorn, E. (2018). A proposed middle-range theory of nursing in hypertension care. International Journal of Hypertension, 2018, 1-11.
https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1155/2018/2858253
Liehr, P. & Smith, M. J. (2017). Middle range theories. In J. Fitzpatrick (Ed). Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Credo Reference.
Shankel, E.C., & Wofford, L. G. (2016). Symptom management theory as a clinical practice model for symptom telemonitoring in chronic disease. Journal of Theory Construction &
Testing, 10 (1), 31-38.
Sample Answer 7 for DQ 1: Compare and contrast a minimum of two middle range theories and describe how one of these middle range theories could serve as a foundation for direct practice improvement
Middle-range theories are basic usable structures of ideas and are more conceptual than empirical generalizations. (Liehr & Smith, 2017) Nursing theories considered middle range can be applied across populations and to persons with complex health conditions, often using qualitative research. (Liehr Smith, 2017). The Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) is a conceptual model focused on the individual and how health can be managed and improved through changing environments (Rice, 2012) (Van Patten, R.R , & Bartone, A. S., 2018). This theory is classified as a middle-range theory and is grounded in concepts that may be generalizable across populations that enhance nursing care (Tomey and Alligood, 2006) (Van Patten, R.R, & Bartone, A. S., 2018). Studies have shown the benefits of using RAM to guide projects and develop into other middle-range theories of chronic pain (Dunn, 2005) (Liehr Smith, 2017) and adaptation to diabetes (Whittmore & Roy, 2002) (Liehr Smith, 2017). These studies show the usefulness of Roy’s model as a guide for nursing research and support the credibility of the model. Using RAM as a basis to guide a quality improvement project for ESRD will be by understanding and identifying predictors of adaptation of illness. ESRD patients on dialysis have to adjust to a new normal. Diet changes, medication changes, changes to the quality of life. RAM is useful to both the basic and clinical sciences of nursing. (Liehr& Smith, 2017). The Roy Model includes three stimuli classified as Focal Stimuli, which individual is immediately confronted with; Contextual Stimuli, which refers to other contributing stimuli; and Residual Stimuli, which include factors from the environment, all comprising the combined effect of the adaptation level (Nursing Theories, 2013; Rice, 2012) (Van Patten, R.R, & Bartone, A. S., 2018). When using RAM, nursing interventions are conceptualized as the management or control of stimuli (Roy & Andrews, 1999)(Liehr & Smith, 2017).
Neuman’s systems model (NSM) is also a conceptual model that provides flexible comprehensive systems-based frameworks for nursing. Like RAM, NSM provides a holistic perspective to nursing research, practice, and education. (Nadeau & Walker, 2017). Other similarities between NSM and RAM are they are adaptable to use in changing health care systems globally. (Nadeau & Walker, 2017). NSM is used in other health disciplines such as occupational therapy and interdisciplinary health care teams. (Clark & Lowry, 2012; Memmott, Marett, Bott, & Duke, 2000). (Nadeau & Walker, 2017).
Drevenhorn, E. (2018). A proposed middle-range theory of nursing in hypertension care. International Journal of Hypertension, 2018, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2858253
Liehr, P., & Smith, M. J. (2017). Middle range theories. In J. Fitzpatrick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Credo Reference.
Nadeau, C., & Walker, P. H. (2017). Neuman’s systems model. In J. Fitzpatrick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of nursing research (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Credo Reference: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/spennurres/neuman_s_systems_model/0?institutionId=5865
VanPatten, R.R., Bartone, A. S. (2018). The impact of mentorship, preceptors, and debriefing on the quality of program experiences, Nurse Education in Practice, Volume 35, 2019. Pages 63-68. ISSN 1471-5953. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147159531830249X