DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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NUR 513 Topic 4 DQ 1
Compare and contrast two nursing theories. How do they differ based on their intent, scope, and goals? Which one might be more relevant to your future role, and why?
According to Petripin (2023), nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing”. They are developed to explain and describe nursing care, guide nursing practice, research and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The two nursing theories I will discuss are of the two theorists Jean Watson and Madeleine Leininger’s nursing theories of which originated under the Developmental Model branch.
Jean Watson’s Human Caring Nursing Theory focuses on the principle of caring. It explains the importance for the patient and nurse to have a caring compassionate relationship. Furthermore, Waston’s theory addresses the concerns of how nurses care for their patients and that patients are not objects but valued human beings. Watson refers to human beings as a valued person to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood, and assisted. According to Gonzalo (2023), her theory stresses the humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice. She also emphasizes the importance of promoting health, caring for the sick, and treating diseases. Watson devised 10 caring needs specific carative factors critical to the caring human experience that need to be addressed by nurses with their patients when in a caring role (Gonzalo, 2013).
Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory focuses on nursing care to fit with or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds (Gonzalo, 2023). It involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people’s cultural values health-illness context (Gonzalo, 2023). According to McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah (2019, as cited in McFarland, 2018c; McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015), the Cultural Care Theory was designed to help guide nurse researchers in discovering new meanings, patterns, expressions, and practices related to culture care that have influenced the health and well-being of individuals, families, and cultural groups. The goal of Leininger’s theory is for nurses to be knowledgeable in providing transcultural nursing care that will assist the patients’ well-being, health, assisting them to face disabilities and death. Leininger developed three cultural care decisions and actions for nurses to succeed and provide culturally friendly care. They are cultural preservation, cultural care accommodation or negotiation, and cultural care repatterning or restructuring (Petripin, 2023).
Comparing Transcultural and Human Caring Theories, they both fall under the Developmental Model branch of which assumes that there is a process of growth or maturation that is directional and has some orderly purpose (Tourville & Ingalls, 2003, p. 28). Leininger and Watson both identify nursing as a humanistic science with the concept of caring being the central unifying domain of nursing (Cohen, 1991, p. 908). Both have demonstrated their artistry in their individual portraits of change and in their contributions to the development of nursing knowledge (Cohen, 1991, p. 909).
The origin of both nursing theories was developed from Watson’s and Leininger’s different background experiences. With that said, both have a different view regarding caring in which they demonstrate a difference in emphasis on philosophical, cultural, and empirical concerns. For example, Leininger stresses the importance of nurses to be knowledgeable in caring for people with different cultural backgrounds because they have different values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors. On the other hand, Watson has focused on the philosophic (existential-phenomenological) and spiritual basis of caring and sees caring as the ethical and moral ideal of nursing (Cohen, 1991, p. 909).
As I look forward to the future of becoming a nurse educator, I feel that Leininger and Watson’s nursing theories will be essential to my future profession. However, Leininger’s nursing theory is more applicable to my practice because it involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people’s cultural values health-illness context (Gonzalo, 2023). My practice consists of working in the outpatient and in the inpatient settings in which we see many patients from around the world with different cultural backgrounds. This nursing theory will be essential to our wound and ostomy team because it will guide us to provide optimal cultural patient care not only to the patients but also to their families as well.
References:
Cohen, J. A. (1991). Two portraits of caring: A comparison of the artists, Leininger and Watson. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(8), 899–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01794.x
Gonzalo, A. (2023b) Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring. Nurseslabs. Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring – Nurseslabs
Gonzalo, A. (2023). Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing. Nurseslabs. Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Theory – Nurseslabs
McFarland, M. R., & Wehbe-Alamah, H. B. (2019). Leininger’s theory of Culture Care Diversity and universality: An overview with a historical retrospective and a view toward the future. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(6), 540–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659619867134
Petiprin, A. (2023). Madeleine Leininger. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Madeleine-Leininger.php
Tourville, C., & Ingalls, K. (2003). The Living Tree of Nursing Theories. Nursing Forum, 38(3), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0029-6473.2003.t01-1-00021.x
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The interactive model of Hildegard Peplau and systems model of Callista Roy’s adaptation theory are comparable and contrasting in many ways. Through all the nursing theories, an individual can be immersed into a deeper sense of understanding and relational concepts of the nurse patient relationship. Different components weave together a structure of higher-level reasoning and prompts introspection of one’s own professional practice. Every individual nurse has a unique personality, and I feel as though nursing theories help fill the internal gaps associated with things such as upbringing, learned behaviors, healthy relationships and effective communication.
The interactive model of Hildegard Peplau emphasizes the fact that the patient is ultimately in charge of their plan of care. The patient needs to be respected as a proactive member of their proposed treatment plan. Peplau characterizes three phases of the nurse-patient relationship; Orientation, working and termination. Orientating one’s self to the patient as the nurse is a very important process. This phase defines trust, compassion and solidifies positive repour within the nurse patient relationship. Working with the patient, you are providing not only physical care, but also education, support and counseling. This phase is not just task oriented, but focuses on the important position the nurse has in being a vital resource within all areas of the patients needs. Terminating treatment is referring to the discharge process, and many times is crucial to the patient’s continued health and well-being. The discharge plan is thoroughly looked over by the whole medical team and adjusted as necessary (Tourville, 2003).
The systems model of Callista Roy’s adaptation theory focuses on the influence of en
vironment on the patient, and the level of adaptability within the surroundings. There are four modes of adaptation that include physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Increased ability to adapt to different biological, psychological, and social situations can have a huge influence on healing and recovery (Tourville, 2003).
Both theories incorporate the importance of individuality and self-sufficiency within the patient’s body, mind and spirit. Both these theories open up deeper aspects of the healing process which can help lead the nurse to identify and stabilize any rectifiable weaknesses the patient may be experiencing. Peplaus approach uses a step-by-step with intervals while Roys approach is environmental and affirms the great importance of atmosphere and becoming comfortable with the inevitable changes of day to day life.
As a nurse educator, Roys adaptation theory may be more relevant to my future APN role. The Systems Model is used by many schools of nursing as the basis for their curricula (Tourville, 2003). Setting a positive healthy tone and energy within a room full of students directly influences the ability and motivation to learn and retain information. Positive environments help lead the way for openness and adaptation.
DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories Reference:
Also Check Out: DQ 2: How will your worldview and cultural and spiritual competence affect your role and scope of practice as an advance registered nurse?
Tourville, C., Ingalls, K. (2003). The living tree of nursing theories. Nursing Forum. 38(3), 21-30, 36. DOI:10.1111/j.0029-6473.2003.t01-1-00021.x
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Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort functions under the concept that the immediate desired outcome of nursing is comfort and focuses on mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional comfort of the patient. Per Kolcaba’s theory there are three ways that patients experience the goal of comfort. They are relief, ease, and transcendence. Comfort can manifest itself in the physical, environmental, sociocultural, and psychospiritual realms. (Nursing theory, n.d.-a)
Nightingale’s Environment Theory focuses on manipulating the patient’s physical environment to positively affect their health and achieve healing of disease. There are ten integral elements to the Environmental Theory, also known as Nightingale’s Canons. A few of Nightingale’s Canons are Ventilation and warming, cleanness, offering hope and advice, and observation. (Nursing Theory, n.d.-b)
Nightingale’s theory focuses on tangible, measurable actions, and outcomes whereas Kolcaba’s theory focuses on the patient’s perception of comfort and discomfort. They both have physical and emotional components. The Kolcaba’s theory makes provisions to manipulate the patient’s physical environment and provide medical intervention to provide physical comfort. Nightingale’s theory seeks to manipulate the patient’s physical environment to promote disease and wound healing. Both theories also have emotional components. Nightingale’s theory does discuss offering hope and advice but is not as heavily focused on psychological elements as Kolcaba’s theory.
I feel that Nightingale’s Environment Theory will be more relevant to my future role as an advanced registered nurse with a focus in Public Health because the ten cannons relevance is timeless. Components such as cleanliness, warmth ventilation and hope continue to prove relevant in promoting individual and community health.
DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories Reference:
Nursing Theory. (n.d.-a). Kolcaba’s theory of comfort. Retrieved from https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/kolcaba-theory-of-comfort.php
Nursing Theory. (n.d.-b). Nightengale’s environment theory. Retrieved from https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/nightingale-environment-theory.php
The APA writing template is a great tool for all students, but especially helpful for students who have not been in an academic program for some time. APA formatting is complex and requires the writer to pay close attention to detail. According to the American Psychological Association (2020), APA style helps writers present information in clear, precise, and inclusive manners. The APA writing template is a helpful guidance tool that allows the writer to format an academic paper properly, without getting overwhelmed by formatting rules.
In the APA template, there are also reference examples from different sources along with the respective in-text citations. I find this most helpful as this seems to be the most challenging aspect of APA style writing. The checklist is nice as it highlights what the expectations of the format are. I will also take advantage of the APA workshop that the library at Grand Canyon University (GCU) offers, to reinforce what I have learned about APA so far. I am hopeful that the combination of these resources will help me build a strong foundation and understanding of APA style writing.
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These are two really important theories. Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort addresses a vital source of strength within our essential nature. I found an interesting article that uses Kolbacas theory in adult patients dependent on hemodialysis. It addresses comfort and fluid retention, and the patient’s adherence to prescribed medication regimens while they are home. Non compliance to medications result in worsening fluid retention and weight gain, which is associated with higher levels of discomfort between dialysis treatments. Utilizing Kolbacas theory, nurses educate patients on the importance of medication compliance by developing the patient’s awareness surrounding the detrimental effects on comfort related to fluid retention. This leads to understanding more deeply the importance of adherence to prescribed treatment regimens and increases the patient’s motivation to remain accountable and responsible within their plan of care (Estridge, 2018).
Estridge, K. M., Morris, D. L., Kolcaba, K., Winkelman, C. (2018). Comfort and fluid retention in adult patients receiving hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal. 45(1) 25-60.
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You are right Crystal, Kolcaba’s theory is one all of us should be using with our patients every day. This theory uses a conceptual approach to achieve comfort for patients. Kolcaba’s comfort theory uses the physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural areas to determine if there has been relief from pain, ease of pain, or transcendence of pain (Khan, 2017). As we all know, if our patients are in pain, nothing else matters to them. We must help ease their pain so they can benefit from the interventions we try. For example, have any of you ever tried to do discharge teaching to a patient who is still in a lot of pain? I have, and this is definitely not the ideal time to teach. I was forced to address the patient’s pain before progressing. Kolcaba recognized this many years ago and wanted to promote a lifestyle free (as much as possible) from pain.
DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories Reference
Khan, A. A. (2017). Application of Katharine Kolkaba comfort theory to nursing care of patient. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 7(3), 104-107. http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0317/ijsrp-p6314.pdf
Based on the required readings for this week, previous lessons and experience as a nurse, it is evident that nursing theory is necessary for nurses to offer quality care and navigate patient needs in the ever transforming and complex nursing profession. Nursing theory provides a framework that guides the nursing practice in using concepts and relationships in patient evaluations and interventions (Butts & Rich, 2018). If nursing practice lacked theory, possibly, there will be loss of separation and clear distinction of the profession. Society has historically considered nursing as a vocational occupation and not a profession where nurses are expected to carry orders by physicians and clinical officers, especially in developing countries, without any form of accountability. However, through the development of theory as proposed by Nightingale in her notes over a century back, nursing is now an evolving profession and academic discipline as well as a science. Pioneers in the profession established nursing theories and models to emphasize the role of nursing profession in enhancing patient outcomes and quality healthcare delivery. Nurses possess critical thinking and scientific knowledge as well as ideas that they can use to improve patient care delivery (Gilbert, 2020). They can develop individualized interventions focused on health promotion, disease prevention and long-term care for patients with terminal conditions.
Nursing theories help to instill identity in nurses, enabling patients and other healthcare providers and professionals as well as managers to appreciate nurses’ roles and individual contributions to healthcare promotion and patient quality care. Nursing theories allow nurses to offer patient-centered care, utilize evidence-based practice interventions in health promotion, and development of professional values and work ethics to attain better patient outcomes (Younas & Quennell, 2019). Nursing theory empowers nurses to understand the transforming health system, address the expanding care demand and improve professional knowledge and skills to attain better patient care. Evidence shows that the use of theory provides structure and organization to nursing knowledge and offers a systemic means of collecting information and data to describe, explain, and predict trends that will shape the nursing practice like the increased of health technologies through telemedicine among others.
DQ 1: Compare and contrast two nursing theories References
Butts, B. J. & Rich, L. K. (2018). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing
practice (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Gilbert, H. A. (2020). Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory and its influence on
contemporary infection control. Collegian, 27(6), 626–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2020.09.006
Younas, A., & Quennell, S. (2019). Usefulness of nursing theory‐guided practice: an integrative
review. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 33(3), 540-555.
DOI: 10.1111/scs.12670.
The theory by Katherine Kolcaba plays a role in the nursing care we provide to patient’s when they have a loss during their pregnancy. This comfort theory describes patient comfort in the physical, pyschospiritual, environmental and sociocultural dimensions (Gaines, 2021). As nurses we strive to provide the tools for mom to help them grieve and try to find comfort. Interventions we practice include placing the baby in the room for the family on a cooling cot. We also make a memory box for the family including pictures, foot prints, measurements and other memorabilia. The staff writes condolences and prayers in cards that are then sent to the mom throughout the year. My institution also has a yearly memorial service that nursing staff and families attend for all losses. This nursing practice and care continues to improve based on research and interventions to help provide comfort for the mom and families affected by pregnancy loss.