DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
Grand Canyon University DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DQ: Review the different models and frameworks that can be used to facilitate change
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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NUR 590 Topic 3 DQ 2
The Star Model explains how specific forms of knowledge, such as the systematic review and the clinical practice guideline, are solutions for moving research into practice. It is a model for understanding the cycles, nature, and characteristics of knowledge that are utilized in various phases of EBP in moving evidence into clinical decision making. The clinical scholar model was developed and implemented to promote the spirit of inquiry, educate direct care providers, and guide a mentorship program for EBP and the conduct of research at the point of care. It began as an interactive, outcomes-oriented educational program for nurses but has evolved into an interdisciplinary educational program for direct care providers (Melnyk, 2019). In my evidence-based practice proposal, the Star Model would be most beneficial. This model reviews current practice and applies knowledge for change. For my proposal, there is a lot of research on both patient and nurse dissatisfaction with the current bereavement process when a patient experiences a miscarriage in the ED. There is not a lot of research on implementation of better practice and protocols. Therefore, the Star Model will allow for me to take the knowledge of the subject and develop a change.
Resource:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
Change facilitation requires forethought and intentional planning and execution if a well-supported, sustainable change is going to be made on a larger scale – especially in healthcare. Evidence-base practice models may include theoretical models grouped into evidence-based practice/research utilization and knowledge transformation processes, strategic organizational change theory or knowledge exchange and synthesis for application and inquiry (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). However, it is becoming more widely acknowledged that a formalized approach must be considered to successfully implement these evidence-based models.
Nurses strive to provide the best possible care to diverse clients under consistently changing conditions. From the medications administered to the type of dressing used to heal a wound, nurses apply procedures that have been tested through research and deemed appropriate according to evidence-based standards of practice. Through foundational knowledge related to research methods, translation of research data is used to improve nursing practice and, ultimately, patient outcomes. Therefore, nurses must become familiar with the specific language of scientific research and the research process. As health care professionals, nurses seek to provide their patients with the best possible health care. To determine which approaches to care result in the best possible care, the effectiveness of each approach specific to a chosen population must be investigated. The pursuit of knowledge is the basis for research. Researchers seek to find answers to various scientific questions, but there are the boundaries associated with the pursuit of knowledge (Helbig, 2018).
Eight different models have been identified as key drivers for evidence-based integration and change management. These include: 1. The Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice, 2. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice, 3. The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change, 4. The Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) model for implementation and sustainability of EBP, 6. The Clinical Scholar Model, 7. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model, and 8. The Stevens Star Model of Knowledge Transformation (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019).
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Upon comparing the Stetler Model and Johns Hopkins Model, the Stetler Model has been regularly revised, and involves integrating evidence-base practice information into practical, sustainable day to day standards for patient care. With critical thinking and utilization of both internal and external evidence to support practice change, the Stetler Model hinges on five phases, and multiple steps to identify and support use of evidence, determined by critical thinking (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). A “toolkit” of sorts has been developed to implement consensus guidelines and evidence-base practice change. Upon comparison, the Johns Hopkins Model supports its use by bedside registered nurses with aim to implement research results in an evidence-based practice format. The key objective is to make it easy for direct caregivers to make change at a grass-roots level, while positively impacting patient outcomes in a meaningful way. A problem-solving approach to address clinical questions, the 18-step process allows for non-randomized control trial designed evaluations and quality improvement initiatives to take place(Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019).. With mindfulness that registered nurses encounter challenges that require a fix “tomorrow”, with potential use of nonresearch evidence by use of four pathways.
For my PICOT with aim to reduce occurrence of CLABSIs in patients with a central line, I believe either model could be used to implement meaningful change. However, the Stetler model is better suited for a randomized control trial approach, which is the method I believe to be best suited to gain the most sound, valid and reliable results. By way of using critical thinking and various types of evidence (internal AND external), the Stetler model allows for easy implementation of evidence gathered by way of a toolkit and use of consensus guidelines and policy change.
References
Melnyk, B.M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN-13:9781496384539
The Iowa Model for Evidence-based practice (IMEBP) implementation has been used effectively to implement hundreds of evidence-based research projects as it provides direction through decision points for priority, resources, amount of supporting evidence, research designing, piloting then integration and sustaining (Buckwater, Cullen, Hanrahan, Kleiber, McCarthy, Rakel, Steelman, Tripp & Tycker, 2017). This model thoroughly considers the creation and lifespan of implementation of EBP which is why it can commonly be seen and used in a research setting (Buckwater et al., 2017). Compared to the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model (JHNEBPM), there is similarity in the process of implementing and evaluating EBP research. The JHNEBPM however is more specific in applying to the nursing perspective as well as increasing the understanding that an initial exploratory inquiry is a separate step from the PET (practice question, evidence, translation) process (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). This model appears more organized for clinical decision making for EBP in nursing as it can be similar to the nursing process in both clinical and research settings.
It is more appropriate to use the JHNEBPM as a framework to my EBP research project as the goal is to provide change in education from nursing to a population. Since the model provides more considerations for critical thinking, more health outcomes or more types of education can be produced to achieve research goals (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).
Upon reviewing the different frameworks and models for organizational change two were identified that are helpful to my EBP project. The first one is Lewin’s Change Management Model. This model is referred to as the 3-Stage Model of Change, which are Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze. In other words, 1) unfreeze is the stage in which there is an understanding that a change is needed, 2) Change is when the process of initiating the change starts, and finally, 3) refreeze is when the change is fully established and put into the organization’s daily practices (Barrow et al., 2023). Considered by many a very effective framework model.
The second framework is the ADKAR Change Management Model. This model is a bottom-up model that Jeffrey Hiatt created. This model focuses on the people behind the change (“10 Proven Change Management Models (2023),” 2022). In this model, each letter represents a goal that the organizations must reach. 1) A-awareness of the need to change, 2) D-desire to participate in and support the change, 3) K-knowledge of how to change, 4) A-ability to implement required skills and behaviors for the change, and 5) R-reinforcement to sustain the change (“10 Proven Change Management Models (2023),” 2022).
After comparing these two models, it is challenging to choose which would be the best choice for the EBP project. Both can help tremendously in organization change, referring to the PICOT statement and how this project can come to reality because it involves both; theLewin’s model focuses on the organization’s need for change, which is crucial for my project, and the ADKAR model, which focuses on the people at the lower organizational levels, which are the moving forces for an organizational change. At this point, due to the nature of the PICOT the Lewin’s framework would be the most beneficial out of both, due to the need of the organizational change that needs to take place to reduce the incidents relating to violence at work.
References
10 Proven Change Management Models (2023). (2022, September 5). The Whatfix Blog | Drive Digital Adoption. https://whatfix.com/blog/10-change-management-models/
Barrow, J. M., Annamaraju, P., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2023). Change Management. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459380/
The ADKAR Model emphasizes tackling individual resistance and ensuring people have the awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement they need to embrace and sustain change. To drive organizational change, Kotter’s model emphasizes the significance of strong leadership, effective communication, and a focus on creating a feeling of urgency. It provides a methodical path that assists stakeholders in mobilizing and aligning efforts toward the desired transformation.
Because it emphasizes urgency, stakeholder participation, and maintaining change, Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model is better suited for an evidence-based practice proposal. It offers a structured framework for driving and embedding evidence-based practices throughout an organization, allowing for successful implementation and long-term acceptance. The ADKAR Model is ideal for an evidence-based practice suggestion. Its emphasis on personal development, behavior modification, and resistance management is consistent with the problems and requirements of implementing evidence-based practices in healthcare settings (Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).
Kotter’s 8-Step Transition Model is an appropriate framework for efficiently facilitating early ambulation in post-op patients. The 8-Step Change Model developed by Kotter provides a structured framework for implementing early ambulation after surgery as an evidence-based practice. It emphasizes creating urgency, forming a guiding coalition, developing a strategic vision, gaining support, reducing barriers, achieving victories, and maintaining change.
Reference:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-Based Practice in nursing and Healthcare (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.