DQ: What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program?
NRS 429V Week 3 Discussion 2
Compare and contrast the three different levels of health promotion (primary, secondary, tertiary). Discuss how the levels of prevention help determine educational needs for a patient.
There are three different levels of health promotion, primary, secondary and tertiary. “Primary prevention refers to actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease” (About, 2018). This would include such things as vaccinations, healthy eating habit or educating on the importance of not smoking. “Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred” (Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention | Institute for Work & Health, 2000). In order to do this, it is imperative to detect the problem early on in order to halt the disease process. Secondary prevention would include regular mammograms and pap smears or taking low dose aspirin to prevent a second heart attack or stroke. “Tertiary prevention aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects” (Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention | Institute for Work & Health, 2000). This is when the damage is already done and care is aimed at lessening the long term effects of the problem. This would include things like physical or occupational therapy following a stroke or heart attack. The levels of prevention can help determine the educational needs for each patient. For instance you would want to educate young people on the dangers of smoking to include primary prevention in your education. Education of secondary prevention would include teaching women how to give themselves breast exams for early detection of breast cancer. Tertiary prevention education would be aimed at individuals following a stroke on how to rehabilitate themselves.
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
The Life approach to Health promotion and disease prevention contributes to greater awareness and healthier lifestyle, and subsequently improves health and quality of life. A healthy diet, physical activity, the reduction of stress as well as access to preventive health care contribute to a healthier lifestyle. Preventive measures for all age groups reduce treatment and care cost throughout the life course, particularly in old age. One can distinguish between primary, secondary and Tertiary preventive care.
Primary Prevention– Primary prevention is the protection of health by implementing personal and community wide action such as practices good hand hygiene, adequate nutrition, regular check up or screening tests, proper immunizations, proper physical activity and exercise. This is done by preventive exposures to hazard that cause disease or injury, alternating unhealthy and unsafe behavior leading to disease or injury. Nurse can educate the people to get proper immunization, about hand hygiene practices, proper sanitation.
Secondary Prevention- Encompasses early detection of disease of departures of department from good health and for prompt and effective corrective action. Mainly secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating disease or as soon as possible to slow its progress. Example nurse can educate the people for regular mammograms for the women above age oof 50 and colonoscopy for the men above 55years old , papsmear for women after 30years of her age , patient with family history of heart disease can check their Blood pressure regularly at home.
Tertiary Prevention- consists of measures to reduce and eliminate the long term impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering caused by existing departure from good health and promote the patient’s adjustment to irremediable conditions. This is done by helping people manage long term health problems such as stroke patients or patient with arthritis, In this level Nurse can involve the family members in rehabilitation care. Various therapies can be involve in tertiary prevention such as occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy.
Refernce.
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. (n.d.). https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-prevention
About. (n.d.). Who emro | health promotion and disease prevention through population-based interventions, including action to address social determinants and health inequity | public health functions | about who. http://www.emro.who.int/about-who/public-health-functions/health-promotion-disease-prevention.html
DQ: What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program?
DQ: What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program?
RESPOND HERE
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
Primary Health Promotion: Aimed at keeping those healthy people healthy, preventing problems down the line. This can encompass everything from health fairs, exercise programs, encouraging proper diet, vaccinations, washing hands, wearing a mask, to more general public health decisions like helping to pass a law requiring helmets or ban smoking (Falkner, 2018) (IWH, 2015).
Secondary Health Promotion: This level is more individualized and is based in early detection and treatment of a condition, which is where health screenings such as a prostate exam or pap smear come on, like when someone has their annual check up with their primary care physician. Prevention of and/or progression with the help of nurses is key (Falkner, 2018).
Tertiary Health Promotion: The patient has already suffered from an ailment and the goal is now to help them return as close to optimal health as possible, while keeping complications at a minimum. This is the involvement of most hospital level nurses. There may already be permanent changes to the patient’s way of life that the nurse must help educate and acclimate them to with help from the other hospital resources like physical therapy or occupational therapy (Falkner, 2018).
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Again, primary is where a person will receive education on a subject or condition they may not necessarily be concerned about but is a preventable with the right effort put into place. If there is a family history of diabetes, the nurse explains how controlling caloric intake, eating nutrients, and not living a sedantary lifestyle will potentially help the patient avoid a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. At the secondary level, this same patient may be further concerned about DMT2 and after being educated decides it is important to have continious healthcare checkups to check their A1C level and confirm their blood sugar is under control. On the tertiary level, this same patient may be admitted to the hospital with a newly diagnosed DM2 and diabetic ketoacidosis, requiring use an insulin drip. They will need education on their new oral medications during their stay along with demonstration of checking their blood sugar so they are fully prepared to go home.
DQ: What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program?
Falkner, A. (2018). Health Promotion: Health & Wellness Across the Continuum. https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/health-promotion_health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum_1e.php
IWH Staff (2015). Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-prevention#:~:text=Primary%20prevention%20aims%20to%20prevent,or%20injury%20should%20exposure%20occur.
RESPOND HERE
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
There are three different levels of health promotion, primary, secondary and tertiary. “Primary prevention refers to actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease” (About, 2018). This would include such things as vaccinations, healthy eating habit or educating on the importance of not smoking. “Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred” (Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention | Institute for Work & Health, 2000). In order to do this, it is imperative to detect the problem early on in order to halt the disease process. Secondary prevention would include regular mammograms and pap smears or taking low dose aspirin to prevent a second heart attack or stroke. “Tertiary prevention aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects” (Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention | Institute for Work & Health, 2000). This is when the damage is already done and care is aimed at lessening the long term effects of the problem. This would include things like physical or occupational therapy following a stroke or heart attack. The levels of prevention can help determine the educational needs for each patient. For instance you would want to educate young people on the dangers of smoking to include primary prevention in your education. Education of secondary prevention would include teaching women how to give themselves breast exams for early detection of breast cancer. Tertiary prevention education would be aimed at individuals following a stroke on how to rehabilitate themselves.
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Compare and contrast the three different levels of health promotion (primary, secondary, tertiary). Discuss how the levels of prevention help determine educational needs for a patient.
In health promotion there are three levels of prevention to help determine educational needs for the patient. After assessing and concluding what level of health the individual is currently within a primary, secondary or tertiary strategy for health promotion can occur.
Primary prevention focuses on health promotion or interventions an individual can make to avoid or protect against the development of disease or prevent contraction of illness. This level of prevention is actively or passively engaged, and participation aids in the avoidance of disease. Some examples would be flu vaccinations or by promoting public health strategies to enable individuals to make informed choices regarding a healthier lifestyle (Faulkner et al, 2022).
Secondary prevention refers to early detection and treatment of disease process to deter progression of irreversible damage or to stop the onset of more serious symptoms from occurring (Faulkner et al, 2022). Health screenings, early diagnosis and treatment enable the prevention of further complications to occur. A “pap smear is a form of secondary prevention aimed to diagnosis cervical cancer in its subclinical state before progression” (Kisling et al, 2022). The goal in secondary prevention is to prevent progression or comorbidities from occurring.
Tertiary prevention strategies are used when the presence of disease is current and permanent aiming to provide a better quality of life (Faulkner et al, 2022). This level of prevention is done by managing long-term, often complex health problems or injuries to improve functioning abilities or life expectancy. Some examples of this would be cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management or support groups.
Overall, the main difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary is the existence or non-existence of disease or illness. Primary protects, while secondary interventions prevent progression and lastly tertiary aims to reduce, manage or support present lasting damage due to illness or injury. Each play an important role and are crucial for the healthcare professional to identify in order to properly educate and intervene allowing for optimal client care outcomes.
Faulkner, A. (2018). Health Promotion in Nursing Care. Grand Canyon University. Retrieved May 12, 2023, from https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/1000000000585/epub/Chapter2.html#pp35-37
Kisling, L. A., & M Das, J. (2022). Prevention Strategies. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725907/