Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Capella University Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
The introduction for the Capella University Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
After the introduction, move into the main part of the Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Slide 1: Title Slide
Greetings, everybody. My name is ___________, and I work as a care coordinator at the community care center in our locality. It is a privilege to be present today to examine the ethical and policy concerns that are vital in managing care, particularly about homeless shelters.
Slide 2: Introduction
Care for the Homeless has received official recognition from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) as a Level 3 Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) (Treglia et al., 2019). A more profound understanding of these difficulties is crucial for improving the health and welfare of susceptible groups, such as homeless persons, and guaranteeing fair and equal access to high-quality healthcare treatments (Chen et al., 2021). This analysis will explore the effects of several policies and ethical factors on care coordination. Additionally, we will discuss how experts in this area may work together to tackle these challenges and foster beneficial transformations in our community.
Slide 3: Governmental Policies and Their Impact on Care Coordination
Treglia et al. (2019) have supposed that government policies have a significant effect on the health and safety of our communities, and they also directly influence the coordination of care for those who are vulnerable. An example of this would be the “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA),” which safeguards the privacy of individuals’ health information and ensures that it is kept secure (Chen et al., 2021). This policy affects homeless shelters since it requires them to preserve the personal health information of their residents and coordinate treatment with other healthcare experts while maintaining confidentiality (Benavides & Nukpezah, 2020). This policy influences shelters for people experiencing homelessness.
Slide 4: Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Consider the “Affordable Care Act (ACA),” which expands access to medical coverage for millions of individuals in the United States, including those who are homeless (Chen et al., 2021). This is an additional example of a policy that impacts the coordination of treatment. According to Benavides and Nukpezah (2020), the Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes a variety of initiatives, one of which is the expansion of Medicaid. This makes it possible for states to give health insurance coverage to more individuals with low incomes, including those who are homeless. As a consequence of increased access to insurance, it is now possible for homeless shelters to better coordinate treatment with healthcare specialists. This ensures that the people in these shelters get the necessary medical treatments.
Slide 5: McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act
Furthermore, the “McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act” allocates funds for services and housing programs to assist the homeless population, directly impacting the resources accessible for coordinating care in homeless shelters (Chen et al., 2021). This legislation assists the “Continuum of Care (CoC)” Program, which seeks to advance community-wide initiatives to eradicate homelessness by allocating financial resources to charitable organizations, states, and local governments. The CoC Program enhances care coordination for homeless persons by facilitating access to mainstream services and maximizing their self-reliance. These policies exemplify the interdependence of health and safety in communities since they immediately impact the accessibility and organization of healthcare for homeless persons. To effectively address the difficulties of delivering comprehensive care to vulnerable people, care coordinators may enhance their ability by comprehending the consequences of these policies.
Slide 6: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies
When navigating the many different policies that exist at the national, state, and local levels, we could come into ethical concerns or difficulties that directly influence the coordination of care. According to Benavides and Nukpezah’s research from 2020, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) creates ethical difficulties because it allows for variations in Medicaid expansion at the national level. As some states have opted to expand Medicaid while others have not, there is a coverage gap for those with low incomes who do not qualify for Medicaid and who cannot buy private insurance (Paat et al., 2021). People who are homeless are particularly affected by this imbalance, which raises issues about the equality of access to healthcare services and resources.
Slide 7: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies
Different ways of financing and providing mental health services at the state level might lead to moral conundrums for care coordination. According to Treglia et al. (2019), states that have restricted financing for mental health care services may find it difficult to provide sufficient assistance to homeless people who need mental health treatment. This discrepancy may prolong cycles of homelessness and poor health outcomes by increasing dependence on emergency services and providing insufficient long-term care.
Local laws that criminalize homelessness—for example, by making it illegal to sleep in public places, loiter, or panhandle—present moral dilemmas (Clifford et al., 2019). Due to the possibility of penalties or even imprisonment, these regulations may make it more difficult for homeless people to get shelter and healthcare services. Potential infringement of human rights and a worsening of health inequities among the homeless population are two ethical ramifications of these municipal policies.
Slide 8: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies
These instances demonstrate tangible moral ramifications and outcomes of specific policy measures in care coordination at the national, state, and local levels. The national-level discrepancies in Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) create a gap in coverage for low-income individuals who are ineligible for Medicaid and cannot afford private insurance. This disproportionately impacts homeless individuals and raises concerns about fairness in accessing healthcare services and resources (Clifford et al., 2019). Insufficient financing for mental health care services at the state level poses ethical challenges for coordinating treatment, which may result in insufficient assistance for homeless persons with mental health issues and perpetuate cycles of unfavorable health outcomes. Local policies that criminalize homelessness may result in human rights abuses and worsen health inequalities among the homeless community, making it more difficult for them to receive healthcare services and shelter.
Slide 9: Impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses on Care Coordination
The Code of Ethics for Nurses significantly influences the coordination and continuity of care, offering guidance to nursing practitioners in delivering services to vulnerable populations, including homeless shelters. By following the Code of Ethics, nurses guarantee fair and excellent care to all persons, irrespective of their social or economic standing.
The Code of Ethics places significant emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants of health, as emphasized in Healthy People 2030 (Treglia et al., 2019). These variables include socioeconomic status, education, physical environment, employment, social support networks, and access to healthcare. Nursing practitioners may identify and address the root causes of health disparities by considering these aspects. This will eventually improve care coordination and overall health outcomes for vulnerable groups. Research suggests that homeless persons often encounter obstacles when trying to receive healthcare services, including limited transportation options, lack of insurance coverage, and absence of identification. Nurses demonstrate their commitment to the Code of Ethics and enhance care coordination by acknowledging these obstacles and promoting legislative reforms that target these hindrances.
Slide 10: Impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses on Care Coordination
Furthermore, the Code of Ethics for Nurses underscores the significance of cultural competency in care coordination. It is necessary to comprehend and respect the varied cultural origins of patients and customize healthcare to suit their distinct requirements (Clifford et al., 2019). According to research by Benavides and Nukpezah (2020), patients who received treatment from culturally competent healthcare practitioners reported higher satisfaction levels and better health outcomes. Nurses can enhance the coordination and continuity of care for vulnerable people by promoting cultural competency, which helps overcome communication and comprehension barriers (Paat et al., 2021).
Slide 11: Conclusion
It is essential to tackle the intricate ethical and regulatory challenges that affect the structure and uniformity of healthcare for those experiencing homelessness in order to enhance their health outcomes and overall welfare. As proponents of homeless shelters and nurse practitioners, we must consider the determinants that impact health outcomes, fight for equitable legislation, and adhere to the Code of Ethics for Nurses. By engaging in partnership, we can effectively tackle the inequalities in healthcare and establish a more robust and all-encompassing community for individuals. We value your dedication to this important undertaking, and let us continue our collaborative endeavors to enhance the well-being of the folks we support.
Slide 12: References
Benavides, A. D., & Nukpezah, J. A. (2020). How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942062
Chen, K. L., Chen, K., Holaday, L. W., & Lopez, L. (2021). Assessing Concordance Across Nonprofit Hospitals’ Public Reporting on Housing as a Community Health Need in the Era of the Affordable Care Act. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, Publish Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001357
Clifford, B., Wilson, A., & Harris, P. (2019). Homelessness, health, and the policy process: A literature review. Health Policy, 123(11), 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.08.011
Paat, Y.-F., Morales, J., Escajeda, A. I., & Tullius, R. (2021). Insights from the shelter: Homeless shelter workers’ perceptions of homelessness and working with people experiencing homelessness. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 32(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2021.1969719
Treglia, D., Johns, E. L., Schretzman, M., Berman, J., Culhane, D. P., Lee, D. C., & Doran, K. M. (2019). When Crises Converge: Hospital Visits Before And After Shelter Use Among Homeless New Yorkers. Health Affairs, 38(9), 1458–1467. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05308
Sample Answer 2 for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Ethical and policy factors intersect to promote the required interaction between nurses and patients in care provision. Besides their instrumental role in enabling health care providers to meet the desired health outcomes, ethics are central to ensuring coordination and continuum of care in health care facilities. In the broader health practice, government-based policies and state provisions influence care coordination for patients and communities. As central players in the health practice, nurses’ mandate and conduct are regulated by ethical standards and policies. Since ethics and policy guidelines apply to all nurses irrespective of where they work, knowledge of factors applicable in care coordination is vital in a nursing home.
Nursing education is theory driven. Theories are derived from the humanities, sciences, and Biblical concepts. Nursing knowledge, theory, research, and health promotion are influenced by spiritual perspectives, and ethical, legal, political, historical, and social influences. The faculty values excellence in teaching with an individual focus on the learner. Teaching includes a variety of methods, learning modalities, and practice situations. Faculty provide opportunities for students to give comprehensive care to diverse client populations, and the learning environment is created and arranged to meet individual learning outcomes that are consistent with the College of Nursing and Health Care Professions program outcomes. The College of Nursing and Health Care Professions supports life-long learning endeavors and fosters an appreciation of diversity among traditional and nontraditional learners. Students are educated to provide, direct, and evaluate client-centered care while focusing on the person as an integrated whole.
Government Policies and Coordination of Care
The US health care system is policy-based.
Medicare and Medicaid are among the significant policy frameworks.
Others include VHA and SCHIP.
Relevance: regulating government finances (Synovitz & Larson, 2018).
Regular policy updates helps to reduce illness, disability, and illness burdens.
For a long time, several federal policies have greatly influenced the US health care system. Medicare and Medicaid have been among the main policies significantly affecting care coordination. Other programs with a significant impact include the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and State Children’s Health Insurance Programs (SCHIP). To a huge extent, these policies influence the coordination of care by ensuring that the finances that government allocates to support health care through different programs are spent as expected (Synovitz & Larson, 2018). To improve the desired outcomes, the government implements and update policies regularly to help reduce the illness, disability, and injury burdens.
Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Select a community organization or group that you feel would be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Then, develop and record a 10–12-slide, 20-minute presentation, with audio, intended for that audience. Create a detailed narrative script or speakers notes for your presentation, 4-5 pages in length.
As coordinators of care, nurses must be aware of the code of ethics for nurses and health policy issues that affect the coordination of care within the context of the community. To help patients navigate the continuum of care, nurses must be proficient at interpreting and applying the code of ethics for nurses and health policy, specifically, the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Being knowledgeable about ethical and policy issues helps ensure that care coordinators are upholding ethical standards and navigating policy issues that affect patient care.
This assessment provides an opportunity for you to develop a presentation for a local community organization of your choice, which provides an overview of ethical standards and relevant policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Completing this assessment will strengthen your understanding of ethical issues and policies related to the coordination and continuum of care, and will empower you to be a stronger advocate and nursing professional.
It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health: Ethical Decision Making activity prior to developing the presentation. The activity provides a helpful update on the ethical principles that will help with success in this assessment.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 4: Defend decisions based on the code of ethics for nursing.
Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care.
Competency 5: Explain how health care policies affect patient-centered care.
Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care.
Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination.
Competency 6: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead patient-centered care.
Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included.
Preparation
Your nurse manager at the community care center is well connected and frequently speaks to a variety of community organizations and groups. She has noticed the good work you are doing in your new care coordination role and respects your speaking and presentation skills. Consequently, she thought that an opportunity to speak publicly about contemporary issues in care coordination would be beneficial for your career and has suggested reaching out to a community organization or support group to gauge their interest in hearing from you, as a care center representative, on a topic of interest to both you and your prospective audience.
You have agreed that this is a good idea and have decided to research a community organization or support group that might be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues related to the coordination of care. Your manager has suggested the following community organizations and support groups, but acknowledges that the choice is yours.
Homeless shelters.
Local religious groups.
Nursing homes.
Local community organizations (Rotary Club or Kiwanis Club).
To prepare for this assessment, you may wish to:
Research your selected community organization or support group.
Review the Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements and associated health policy issues, specifically, the ACA.
Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure you understand the work you will be asked to complete.
Allocate sufficient time to rehearse your presentation before recording the final version for submission.
Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft presentation to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.
Recording Equipment Setup and Testing
Check that your audio speaker and PowerPoint software are working properly. You can record audio directly to your slides, using PowerPoint or other presentation software.
Note: Technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes, can be found on Campus\’s Microsoft Office Software page.
If using Kaltura, refer to the Using Kaltura tutorial for directions on recording and uploading your presentation in the courseroom.
Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@capella.edu to request accommodations.
Instructions
For this assessment:
Choose the community organization or support group that you plan to address.
Develop a PowerPoint with typed speaker notes (the script for your voice recording) and audio voice-over recording, intended for that audience. Video is not required.
Note: PowerPoint has a feature to type the speaker notes directly into the presentation. You are encouraged to use that feature or you may choose to submit a separate document. See Microsoft Office Software for technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes.
For this assessment, develop your presentation slides and speaker notes, then record your presentation. You are not required to deliver your presentation to an actual audience.
Presentation Format and Length
You may use PowerPoint (recommended) or other suitable presentation software to create your slides and add your voice over. If you elect to use an application other than PowerPoint, check with your faculty to avoid potential file compatibility issues.
Be sure that your slide deck includes the following slides:
Title slide.
Presentation title.
Your name.
Date.
Course number and title.
References (at the end of your presentation).
Your slide deck should consist of 10–12 slides, not including a title and references slide with typed speaker notes and audio voice over. Your presentation should not exceed 20 minutes.
Create a detailed narrative script for your presentation, approximately 4–5 pages in length.
Supporting Evidence
Cite 3–5 credible sources from peer-reviewed journals or professional industry publications to support your presentation. Include your source citations on a references page appended to your narrative script.
Grading Requirements
The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination Scoring Guide, so be sure to address each point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.
Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of the community affect the coordination of care.
Provide examples of a specific policy affecting the organization or group.
Refer to the assessment resources for help in locating relevant policies.
Be sure influential policies include the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA).
Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination.
What are the implications and consequences of specific policy provisions?
What evidence do you have to support your conclusions?
Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care.
Consider the factors that contribute to health, health disparities, and access to services.
Consider the social determinants of health identified in Healthy People 2020 as a framework for your assessment.
Provide evidence to support your conclusions.
Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included for a proficient score; both speaker notes and the audio voice over are included for a distinguished score.
Present a concise overview.
Support your main points and conclusions with relevant and credible evidence.
Additional Requirements
Before submitting your assessment, proofread your presentation slides and speaker notes to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your presentation.
Portfolio Prompt: Save your presentation to your ePortfolio. Submissions to the ePortfolio will be part of your final Capstone course.
NURS FPX 4050 Assessment 2 Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination PS
Defining Care Coordination (McDonald et al., 2007)
Importance of Care Coordination
Factors that play a role in Care Coordination
Consequences of poor Care Coordination
- Care co-ordination is defined as the process in which the different participants involved in the care of a patient interact and correspond with one another to give better outcomes and quality of services (“Care Coordination,” 2014). This involves the cooperation of different healthcare professionals during instances of transit such as the transfer from hospital to home or vice versa.
- The importance of Care Coordination is unequivocal, since the absence of proper cooperation between different participants can lead to destructive results, leaving the patient mentally and physically marred. Smooth transitioning from being in the care of one professional to another is conducive to better recovery.
- When providing health care, there are many different ethical factors that come into play. When deciding on which course of action to take, the nurses can practice priority based on age, gender and previously underlying medical condition.
- Poor care coordination can lead to discrepancies in the treatment procedure, which can lead to unfavorable results.
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Sample Answer 2 for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Introduction
Example of ethical factors that play a role in healthcare – Choosing between two patients
Role of ethical Code of Conduct in making healthcare decisions
- An example that can be served to delineate this point is if two patients are to simultaneously enter a hospital, only to find one bed to be free, it would resolve to the administration to assess and evaluate the involved ethical factors to decide what course of action to take. These sorts of decisions and responses are governed by the Code of Conduct, which will be discussed in detail in this paper.
- The Code of Conduct enables the nurses to evaluate and realize the circumstances and the condition of the patients in order to prioritize the order in which the patients have to be tended. This is in relation to the example given before.
Effect of Governmental Policies
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (Regis College Online, 2021)
Effect of Government policies on care coordination and healthcare
In the United States, the provision of healthcare and care coordination is vastly governed by the governmental policies. There are a number of different policies that are active in the United States as a result of the efforts of the Department of Health and Human Services (Regis College Online, 2021)
- Government policies can lay out various guidelines and instructions for institutes and healthcare professionals to follow. The reason behind the enforcement of certain guidelines from the government can be to enhance the provision of healthcare, safeguarding the rights of the patients and so forth. Furthermore, policies can encourage professionals to adopt certain measures when dealing with patients. Similarly, policies can also act as a motivation for professionals to pursue a certain mode of treatment or interaction when dealing with patients
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Hospital Readmission Reduction Program
What is HRRP? – Defining what HRRP is
Purpose of HRRP – What is the aim of HRRP
Effect of HRRP – How does HRRP help care coordination?
To further understand how government policies effect care coordination, the example of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program can be taken. The main function of the HRRP is to reduce the number of readmissions. This is done by encouraging the healthcare service provides (nurses, doctors etc.) to efficiently and expertly discuss post-discharge plans with patients in order to help them recover better, in turn enabling them to avoid readmissions for problems that are manageable (CMS.gov, n.d.).
The way this policy affects care coordination is that it encourages the different healthcare service providers to actively and expertly communicate with one another, and the patients with the objective of delineating to them the various aspects necessary for the after-discharge recovery and treatment. By keeping the motivation of reduced readmissions, this policy serves to improve the quality of coordination and collaboration between patient and professional.
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Policy Provision in Scrutiny
Affordable Care Act (Regis College Online, 2021)
Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (CMS.gov, n.d)
( No notes for this slide. Simply the names of these two acts. )
Policy Provisions that raise ethical dilemmas
Affordable Care Act – The History of ACA (Regis College Online, 2021)
Purpose of ACA – why the ACA was introduced
What did the ACA entail – obligation and levying of fines
What ethical issues did the ACA raise?
There are a few policy provisions that can raise ethical dilemmas, and create implications for care coordination. The first policy provision that can be scrutinized is the Affordable Care Act of 2010. The essence of the Affordable Care Act was the obligation and enforcement of securing health insurance, the failing of which would culminate in the levying of fines (Regis College Online, 2021). From an unbiased perspective, it is quite apparent what ethical complications and dilemmas the ACA can bring about. The ethical corruption of the ACA can be attributed primarily to the aspect of religion. The concept of insurance is an aspect of prohibition in the fastest growing religion in the world viz. Islam. Since the concept of insurance is subjected to prohibition in the third largest religion in the USA, the ACA which is advocating and stressing upon insurance can be seen as an aspect causing ethical unrest and dilemmas. Coming to the effect this has on care coordination, since the lack of insurance will result in fines and penalties, a person who is not insured will not be able to get treated and medically aided. When such discrepancies can occur on the basis of insurance, it can lead to turbulence in the process of care coordination. It can get exceedingly hard for a person without insurance to get treated. If such a person can get partially treated, he can face complications going forward, based on the lack of insurance.
HRRP as an ethical complication
Chance of misdiagnosis
Chance of misunderstanding
Wrongful denial of readmission
Another policy that can be enumerated in this regard is the HRRP discussed previously. While the concept behind the HRRP was seen to be advantageous, as it encouraged doctors and nurses to better engage and communicate with the patients (CMS.gov, n.d.), there is the chance of ethical complications erupting from it. The complications that can rise from the HRRP can culminate from the possibility of a patient getting misunderstood, or the condition misdiagnosed, which can lead to denial of admission.
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Code Of Ethics of Nurses
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Non-Maleficence
Autonomy means to hand over the decision making to the patients (as far as possible)
Beneficence means to do good. Which is conducive to good relationships.
Justice means to act with equality and without any trace of prejudice
Non-Maleficence means to ‘do no harm’
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NURS FPX 4050 Assessment 2 Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination PS
How Autonomy helps care coordination – Better understanding for patient
How beneficence helps care coordination – Creating good relationship
How justice helps care coordination – better relationships will be formed
How non-maleficence helps care coordination – formation of trust
Firstly comes the factor of Autonomy. The discretion and the decision-making is to be handed over to the patient as far as deciding between different treatments and medications etcetera is concerned. It is imperative for the nurse to present the viable options to let the patient choose on his or her discretion (Gaines, 2020). This impacts coordination and continuum of care as it helps the patient know all about how he is being treated. Since he is making the decisions, he will be able to properly portray and explain the treatment process to any future doctor.
Then, there is the beneficence factor which helps in creating good relationships between nurses and patients, which in itself is conducive to better cooperation (Gaines, 2020).
Then follows the Justice factor. This aspect of the code of ethics demands that the nurses don’t act out of any degree or trace of racism or prejudice. Regardless of age, gender, race and ethnicity, the care given by the nurses must be the same (Gaines, 2020). This helps in care coordination and continuum as better bonds will be formed between the patient and nurse.
Finally, there is ‘Non-maleficence’ which means to cause no harm (Gaines, 2020). This point means that the nurses must opt for ways which are least deteriorative and harmful to the patient. This helps in the coordination of care as trust will be created between the patient and nurse.
Conclusion
Summarizing the effect of government policies
Summarizing the effect of nurse’s code of ethics on care coordination
Governmental policies can affect care coordination vastly. In this paper, the purpose was to describe how exactly governmental policies effect coordination of care along with some examples. Policies like the ACA and HRRP were enumerated and elucidated.
Furthermore, the nurses’ code of ethics also features some points and aspects that has an impact on the care coordination. These points, along with the perceived effects, were enumerated.
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References
Care Coordination. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/care/coordination.html
CMS.gov. (n.d.). Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP). Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/Readmissions-Reduction-Program
Gaines, K. (2020). What is the Nursing Code of Ethics? Retrieved June 18, 2021, from https://nurse.org/education/nursing-code-of-ethics/
Regis College Online. (2021, April 22). 8 Important Regulations in United States Health Care. Retrieved June 18, 2021, from https://online.regiscollege.edu/blog/8-important-regulations-united-states-health-care/
McDonald, K. M., Sundaram, V., & Bravata, D. M. (2007). Closing the Quality Gap: A Critical Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies (Vol. 7: Care Coordination). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
Sample Answer 3 for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
Spirituality is the way to find meaning, hope, comfort, and inner peace in life. Many people find spirituality through religion. Some people find it through music, art, or a connection with nature. Others find it in their values and principles. Spirituality involves the recognition of a feeling or sense or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature.
Healthy spirituality gives a sense of peace, wholeness, and balance among the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of our lives. However, for most people, the path to such spirituality passes through struggles and suffering and often includes experiences that are frightening and painful. Positive beliefs, comfort, and strength gained from religion, meditation, and prayer can contribute to well-being. It may even promote healing. Improving your spiritual health may not cure an illness, but it may help you feel better.
Patients who are spiritual may utilize their beliefs in coping with illness, pain, and life stresses. Some studies indicate that those who are spiritual tend to have a more positive outlook and a better quality of life (Bogue, 2020).
Similar to other caring activities and procedures, spiritual care improves people’s spiritual well-being and performance as well as the quality of their spiritual life. Spiritual care has positive effects on individuals’ stress responses, and spiritual well-being such as the balance between physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of self, a sense of integrity and excellence, and interpersonal relationships. Spiritual well-being is important for an individual’s health potential and the experience of illness/hospitalization can threaten the optimum achievement of this potential. Professional nursing embraces spiritual care as a dimension of practice.
Nurses’ practice patterns in the area of spiritual care can be grouped into two categories including religious and nonreligious interventions. Religious interventions include treating patients’ religious beliefs without prejudice, providing them with opportunities for connecting with God and expressing their values and beliefs, helping them practice their religion, and referring them to clerical and religious leaders (O’Brien, et al., 2019). Nonreligious interventions include nurses’ presence for patients and their families, making direct eye contact when communicating with patients, sympathizing with patients and their families, listening to patients and their families attentively, and having love and enthusiasm for patients.
Although spiritual care is meant to help people, I frequently gain as a nurse. Interpersonal trust and a connection with the patient require high emotional intelligence. It’s important to realize that spirituality isn’t always theological care (Ross et al., 2018). Whereas the healthcare industry easily incorporates spirituality into therapy, spiritual care is essential in all sectors of operation. For the sake of our clients, we as caregivers must respect spiritual support, learn the required skills, and schedule time to satisfy these needs.
References
Bogue, D. W., & Hogan, M. (2020). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision making in Health Care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/1
O’Brien, M., Kinloch, K., Groves, K., & Jack, B. (2019, August 9). Meeting patients’ spiritual needs during end of life care: A qualitative study of nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care training. Edge Hill University. Retrieved from https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/meeting-patients-spiritual-needs-during-end-of-life-care-a-qualit-2
Ross , L., McSherry, W., Giske, T., Van Leeuwen, R., Schep-Akkerman, A., Koslander, T., Hall, J., Ostergaard Steenfeldt , V., & Jarvis, P. (2018, August). Nursing and midwifery students’ perceptions of spirituality, spiritual care, and spiritual care competency: A prospective, Longitudinal, correlational European study. Nurse education today. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763841/
Sample Answer 4 for Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination
INTRODUCTION
vIn ethics, the major focus is on the wrong or right of actions and it cuts across into the decision-making procedure of determining the eventual results of the actions an individual engages in.
vIn the face of an ethical dilemma, healthcare ethics enables a nurse to make good decisions and judgements based on the values while at the same time staying within the governing standards and laws.
vCompetent practice with integrity requires that all healthcare professionals have guidelines and regulations within the profession.
vOne of the organizations that have developed the guiding principles and codes of ethics for the purpose of guiding nurses in their professional practice in the American Nurses Association (ANA).
v Nurse practitioners and nurse play a critical and direct role in modification, implementation and assessment of the health policies in their respective communities.
ROLE OF ETHICS
vIn dealing with the patients, nurses must be aware of the ethical principles of nursing practice such as autonomy, justice, confidentiality among others to ensure that they adhere to the standards of practice.
vThe set codes of ethics works as a nurses’ moral standards that are non-negotiable. The standards of ethics are also top on the priority list of what nurses should be considering always in their practice.
vOffering the best possible care as directed by the ethical principles ensure that care coordination is improved.
vEthics dictate that nurses explore patient-centered healthcare and strict adherence to such standards ensures that coordination of care in various health care facilities are better
vOne the other side of the coin, the ethical standards may limit a nurse’s creativity hence impacting negatively on the quality of care coordination.
NURSES, ETHICS AND CARE COORDINATION
vOne of the expectations is that nurses perform their professional duties in the most effective way to ensure care coordination is to the acceptable standards
vNurses are expected to use the ethics and ethical principles to guide them during the decision making process.
vBy acting in good will and within the ethical principles, nurses carry out their duty in care coordination and at the same time show respect for life and appreciating that the immediate and primary concern of patient care is patient wellness.
ROLE OF HEALTH POLICY
vIn the US, a range of governmental healthcare policies and programs have a substantial impact on how the coordination of care is done.
vThe Federal government jointly with the State governments finance the policy implementation to ensure that the patient care services are correctly and timely delivered to help reduce costs.
vThe government policies also ensure that the potential factors that negatively impact on coordination care are substantially minimized.
vBesides the healthcare programs, government policies also regulate how patients, clinicians, and healthcare providers relate towards both quality improvement and care coordination.
SPECIFIC POLICIES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
vHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), was enacted to help in creating national standards for protecting sensitive patient health information from disclosure without the knowledge or consent of the patient.
vThe HIPAA security rule therefore offers protection to information subset that is covered by the privacy rule.
vMedicaid cover up to 20% of Americans, and is a primary source of Americans’ long-term care coverage source.
vMedicare is divided into three distinct parts with each part offering specific services. While part A takes care of some home healthcare, hospice care and inpatient hospital stays, part B covers preventive services, medical supplies, outpatient care and specific doctors’ services.
vOne the other hand, part D deals with drug prescription coverage, helping in covering prescription drugs’ cost.
POLICIES THAT RAISE ETHICAL QUESTIONS
vVarious healthcare reforms brought by the government policies have brought significant ethical issues and considerations.
vUnder the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, certain provisions set conditions to be met for an individual to be covered, leaving a huge number of immigrants out.
vThe ethical considerations or questions arising from these policies need to be appropriately addressed to ensure that the coordination of care is efficient.
IMPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SPECIFIC POLICIES
vPolicies have various impacts on coordination of care and consequently the quality of patient outcomes
vMedicaid that was later expanded under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) with the intention of extending the eligibility levels for every adult who have incomes of up to one hundred and thirty eight percent of the federal poverty level.
vEven though the financial implication of Medicaid has been huge, it come with various positive impacts on care coordination leading to lower cases of hospital and emergency department use by the population.
v There also reduced rates of cost related care delay cases.
POLICIES AND CARE COORDINATION IN HOMELESS SHELTERS
vOne of the population that needs an improved care coordination is the homeless people.
vExisting policies such as Medicaid and Medicare mainly served the taxpaying population of the American people
vThe homeless individuals who contribute little or do not contribute at all to the US economy has had limited to benefits from the existing care coordination framework.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DISPARITIES AND ACCESS
vHomelessness should be treated with the agency it deserves
vIt has been associated with undesirable conditions and issues such as higher usage of acute hospital services, greater morbidity, poor control of some manageable conditions
vHomeless people also have higher chances of failing to access preventing and primary health services and high risk of late diagnoses of diseases.
CONCLUSION
vA host of government policies exist that influence the care coordination for community and individual care programs such as for the homeless people.
vAmong them is Medicaid and Medicare. Besides, the codes of ethics that guard the interaction between patients and nurses also substantially impact the coordination of care
vUnfortunately , both the existing code of ethics and government policies combine to in most cases impact negatively on the care coordination among the homeless individuals.
REFFERENCES
Ellis, P. (2020). Understanding ethics for nursing students. Sage.
Mazurenko, O., Balio, C. P., Agarwal, R., Carroll, A. E., & Menachemi, N. (2018). The effects of Medicaid expansion under the ACA: a systematic review. Health Affairs, 37(6), 944-950. Doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1491
Preshaw, D. H., Brazil, K., McLaughlin, D., & Frolic, A. (2016). Ethical issues experienced by healthcare workers in nursing homes: literature review. Nursing ethics, 23(5), 490-506. Doi: 10.1177/0969733015576357
Stafford, A., & Wood, L. (2017). Tackling health disparities for people who are homeless? Start with social determinants. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1535. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121535