NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
Grand Canyon University NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Week 6 Assignment
Benchmark – Part B: Literature Review
In Part A, you described the population and quality initiative related to your PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time to achieve the outcome) statement. In this assignment, you will formalize your PICOT and research process.
Use the GCU Library to perform a search for peer-reviewed research articles. Find five peer-reviewed primary source translational research articles.
In a paper of 1,250-1,500 words, synthesize the research into a literature review. The literature review should provide an overview for the reader that illustrates the research related to your particular PICOT. Include the following:
Introduction: Describe the clinical issue or problem you are addressing.
Methods: Describe the criteria you used in choosing your articles
Synthesize the Literature: Part A: Discuss the main components of each article (subjects, methods, key findings) and provide rationale for how this supports your PICOT; Part B: Compare and contrast the articles: Discuss limitations, controversies, and similarities/differences of the studies.
Areas of Further Study: Analyze the evidence presented in your articles to identify what is known, unknown, and requires further study.
You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Sample Answer for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of heartbeat abnormalities. In a normal heart, all four chambers are expected to work steadily and rhythmically. However, in the case of atrial fibrillation, electrical signals are disorganized, causing the two upper chambers of the heart to quiver, with very fast contractions in an irregular way. The rapid irregular beating of the upper chambers also causes the lower chambers to beat more rapidly and irregularly. Atrial fibrillation can be very dangerous as it increases the risks of stroke significantly. Studies show that about 15 to 20% of all strokes are a result of atrial fibrillation (Chen et al., 2018). The heart of a patient with atrial fibrillation is unable to move blood completely from chamber to chamber hence increasing the chances of clotting which leads to thromboembolic stroke. However, this can be avoided by adopting a healthy lifestyle with adequate exercise. This study thus examines the significance of dietary and light exercise programs in helping reduce the risk of thromboembolic stroke, among patients with atrial fibrillation within three months.
Methods
Several internet sources were available discussing the same subject as the study at hand. As such, inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized to ensure that the most appropriate, directly linked articles were arrived at for literature review. The keywords that were used to search for the relevant articles were atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic stroke, preventive measures for thromboembolic stroke, and the significance of dietary and exercise interventions in reducing the risks for thromboembolic stroke (Proietti et al., 2017). For inclusivity, articles that were strictly peer-reviewed, in English language and published within the last 5 years, were selected. All the articles that were published more than 5 years ago, and in languages other than English were excluded. However, the articles that met these inclusion criteria were still huge. As such, only articles that involved a study with atrial fibrillation patients were selected. To narrow down to five articles, only those talking about thromboembolic stroke concerning dietary and exercise interventions were picked.
Synthesize the Literature
Part A: Components of Each Article
The first article by Chen et al. (2018) highlights the fact that individual understanding of AF is based on previous studies which only evaluate AF in a binary fashion without discussing the AF burden. As such, Chen et al. (2018) decided to conduct a study aimed at elaborating the methods that can be used in defining and measuring the burden as a result of AF, the relationship between such burden to neurological and cardiovascular aspect and the effect of lifestyle changes in the modification of the AF burden. The researcher conducted a thorough literature review to come up with the research findings, which support the PICOT question of this project. It was discovered that lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise reduce the chances of stroke among patients with atrial fibrillations.
The second article by Jiang et al. (2019) was based on the notion that lifestyle changes and risk factors management can help improve the outcomes in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. The researchers carried out a cohort study, examining the prevalence of modifiable AF risk factors and how they impact the patient’s clinical outcome. The research findings confirmed that controlling the risk factors reduces the risk of death and stroke in patients with AF. Such risk factors are controlled through the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. This article relates to the PICOT question as one of the ways of controlling the risk factors is through diet and exercise, which are confirmed to reduce the chances of stroke in AF patients.
In the third article, Lavie et al. (2017) points out the rise in both AF and obesity epidemic proportions, hence increasing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease events. Obesity displays adverse effects on cardiac structure and functioning, even though AF patients who are overweight and obese exhibiting a better prognosis. As such, Lavie et al. (2017) conducted a thorough literature review and confirmed that physical activity/exercise training, weight loss, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial in preventing complications of AF, and improving the prognosis of the disorder among obese patients. The finding is directly linked to the project’s PICOT question.
The fourth article by Proietti et al. (2017) affirms the effectiveness of physical activity in reducing the instances of cardiovascular disease events among both those at high risk of cardiovascular diseases and the general population. However, given that studies have failed to elaborate the relationship between physical activity and its outcome on AF patients, Proietti et al. (2017) decided to carry out an EORP-AF Pilot study, aimed at analyzing this relationship in a real-life situation in addition to the impact of physical activity on the progression of arrhythmias. It was discovered that AF patients engaging in regular physical activity were associated with reduced incidences of cardiovascular complications and death. The findings support the PICOT question of the current project, in terms of physical exercise reducing the chances of stroke among AF patients.
The last study elaborates on the impacts that lifestyle modifications have on patients with AF. Wingerter, Steiger, Burrows, and Estes (2020) carried out a comprehensive literature review using google scholar and PubMed to search for articles from 1998 to date, for adequate information on how life modification impacts patients with AF. The researchers discovered that lifestyle changes such as diet and physical exercises reduce the risks of the symptoms and burden of AF. The study relates to the PICOT question of this project, as one of the burdens of AF is a thromboembolic stroke which can be reduced by diet and exercise.
Part B: Compare and Contrast the Articles
For a better study outcome, it is important to conduct a thorough literature review to be able to anticipate the research findings based on previous studies. All the reviewed articles support the idea that lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet and enrolling in a physical activity program reduce the chances of adverse effects such as thromboembolic stroke, among patients with AF. However, some of these articles varied in terms of their approach towards elaborating the impact of diet and physical exercise on patients with AF. For instance, according to Lavie et al. (2017), obese patients with AF have a better prognosis as compared to underweight individuals. However, the study still proved that exercise and diet can help improve the prognosis of obese patients with AF. The reviewed articles also varied in terms of the study methods that were used to reach the respective findings.
Some of these studies displayed some limitations. For instance, the study carried out by Wingerter et al. (2020) utilized data within a limited database range, hence reducing the chance of accessing a wide range of articles. Lastly, the study by Lavie et al. (2017) was quite controversial, as it explains the benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle and weight reduction on obese patients diagnosed with AF, while at the same time illustrating that obese patients with AF have a better prognosis as compared to underweight patients with AF.
Areas of Further Study
Based on the research findings as depicted by the reviewed articles, AF is a serious cardiovascular condition which requires maintenance of risk factors which are well controlled for better clinical outcome. Such risk factors include age, obesity, alcoholism, smoking, family history, heart diseases, and high blood pressure among others. Some of these risk factors such as age and family history can not be modified. However, both the general population and those at high risk of AF are encouraged to maintain well-controlled risk factors, through lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and adequate physical exercise, to avoid the burden associated with the disease such as thromboembolic stroke (Wingerter et al., 2020). However, most studies have failed to elaborate on the magnitude and relationship between physical activity and its impact on the clinical outcome of AF patients. For instance, AF reduces exercise tolerance. Some studies also claim that vigorous exertion and endurance training increases the chances of AF. As such, there is a need to conduct studies elaborating the different kinds of exercise among other specific lifestyle modifications, in relation to distinct impact on clinical outcome for patients with AF.
References
Chen, L. Y., Chung, M. K., Allen, L. A., Ezekowitz, M., Furie, K. L., McCabe, P., Noseworthy, P. A., … Turakhia, M. P. (January 01, 2018). Atrial Fibrillation Burden: Moving Beyond Atrial Fibrillation as a Binary Entity: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 137, 20.) https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000568
Jiang, C., Lan, D. H., Du, X., Geng, Y. P., Chang, S. S., Zheng, D., Chen, J. B., … Ma, C. S. (December 01, 2019). Prevalence of modifiable risk factors and relation to stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the China atrial fibrillation registry study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 30, 12, 2759-2767. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14231
Lavie, C. J., Pandey, A., Lau, D. H., Sanders, P., & Alpert, M. A. (October 17, 2017). Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Prognosis: Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70, 16, 2022-2035. DOI/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.002
Proietti, M., Boriani, G., Laroche, C., Diemberger, I., Popescu, M. I., Rasmussen, L. H., Sinagra, G., … EORP-AF General Pilot Registry Investigators. (January 01, 2017). Self-reported physical activity and major adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the EURObservational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation (EORP-AF) General Registry. Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 19, 4, 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euw150
Wingerter, R., Steiger, N., Burrows, A., & Estes, N. A. M. (January 15, 2020). Impact of Lifestyle Modification on Atrial Fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology, 125, 2, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.10.018
Week 8 Assignment
Benchmark – Population Health Policy Analysis
Select a current or proposed health care policy that is designed to improve a specific population’s access to quality, cost-effective health care. In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words, include the following:
Explain the policy and how it is designed to improve cost-effectiveness and health care equity for the population. Is the policy financially sound? Why or why not? How does the policy account for any relevant ethical, legal, and political factors and the nursing perceptive one must consider when implementing it?
To what state, federal, global health policies or goals is this particular policy related? How well do you think the policy is designed to achieve those goals?
Finally, discuss the advocacy strategies you would employ on behalf of your population to ensure they have access to the benefits of the policy. Explain, from a Christian perspective, the professional and moral obligation of advanced registered nurse to advocate for and promote health and prevent disease among diverse populations.
You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Sample Answer 2 for NUR550 Translation Research and Population Health Management Week 6 and 8 Assignment
The disease burden of chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease continues to make the cost of care expensive and out of reach for many Americans. For instance, recent figures on heart disease by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that the condition remains a public health issue that requires effective interventions through healthcare policies meant to expand access to prescription drugs (CDC, 2020). The implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 as a transformative healthcare policy was meant to enhance access to public health, especially for the uninsured individuals and those with pre-existing conditions. The policy and its subsequent changes under different bills and frameworks has enhanced access to health care, improved quality care delivery, reduced medical costs and provided new consumer protections (Blewett et al., 2018). With improved and expanded eligibility, over 25 million Americans without medical insurance got insured and benefit from the program (Keith, 2021). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the ACA is designed to enhance access to quality and cost-effective health care for individuals with chronic health conditions like heart disease and diabetes.
Cost-effectiveness of the Affordable Care Act 2010
The cost projection for implementing the ACA was estimated to be about $940 billion for the period of the first ten years, from 2010 to 2020. According to the policy, federal and state government would reduce health budget deficit by over $ 140 billion. With reforms of the ACA through legislations and Biden’s administration’s executive orders, there are premium subsidies to higher-income individuals that previously did not qualify for 2021 and 2022 (Blewett et al., 2018). The reforms also increase premium subsidies for lower-income individuals eligible for the period and provides maximal subsidies for those getting unemployment benefits.
Through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the current administration is focused on giving a new lease of life to the ACA 2010 through the marketplace premium subsidies. The act also covers Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) subsidies and modernizes the marketplace with an allocation of $ 20million to fund state-based marketplaces as a way of providing financial support to implement changes required to comply with the act (Keith, 2021). As such, the ACA is a cost effective policy that provides increased health care equity for the population. Imperatively, patients suffering from chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease require close monitoring and regular check-ups (Pollitz, 2021). Through the program, these individuals with pre-existing condition can access medical services, increased allocation for prescription drugs under the expanded Medicare and Medicaid programs. Better and enhanced access to healthcare services leads to improved prognosis. From the cost-effect perspective, the policy makes substantial financial sense to patients and the entire health care system, especially in managing and mitigating the cost burden of chronic conditions.
Access to healthcare services depends on different factors that include socioeconomic status and social determinants of health. The policy works to fill the existing gaps and health care disparities for populations, especially individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes as they can access prescription drugs and emergency room services. The implication is that the policy addresses ethical and legal aspects of healthcare provision based on numerous interpretations when the previous administration was keen on its repeal and replacement. The policy accounts for ethical and legal factors by increasing choice and ensuring that individuals have relevant information when choosing their health plans under Medicare and Medicaid programs (Hilliard et al., 2018). For instance, recent changes in the act through the Rescue Plan Act are meant to ensure that the policy aligns with existing state and federal health legal frameworks. The policy is relevant politically as it has been amended several times in Congress to expand benefits and ensure that it delivers on political promises by the current administration.
From a nursing perspective, one must consider access, cost, and quality as a key aspects of effective care delivery and improving the health of the population, especially individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease. Nurses are essential in maximizing the financial returns through their organization using programs like reimbursements. The implementation of the ACA 2010 and subsequent changes to the law are critical in enhancing access to quality and affordable care as critical considerations for patients by nurses as their care advocates and providers.
State, Federal, Global Health Policies and Goals Related to the Policy
State, federal and global health policies and goals focus on enhancing access to care, increased primary care and reducing the cost of health care services. These policies and goals also focus on reducing health disparities and prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease and their associated mortality and morbidity. The goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is to make health care affordable through increased health insurance exchanges and marketplace to people, especially the underserved populations and individuals. The ACA offers consumers subsidies that reduces the costs for households and individuals, including recent changes for those on unemployment benefits (Hilliard et al., 2018). The law expands both Medicare and Medicaid programs and allows individuals with pre-existing conditions to enroll on health plans based on their needs. The law support state programs to expand access by offering support to cater for changes in marketplaces with the aim of increasing access to primary care. The implication is that the ACA goals relate to federal and state goals of increasing access to quality primary care with the aim of reducing disease burden for chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
The ACA covers close to 70% of the health care costs and is designed to provide more Americans with healthcare coverage, reduce medical costs and make health indicators more transparent. The ACA has met these goals by promoting effective care coordination in acute care settings and enhancing preventive measures as appropriate ways to deal with the disease burden arising from chronic conditions. The act has led to the expansion of different care delivery models that include skilled nursing facilities while balancing spending on premiums and out-of-pocket costs (McDermott-Levy et al., 2018). The act has expanded safe and high quality healthcare options and encouraged insurance providers to be more innovative and competitive. The implication is that access to healthcare and expansion of choices of care meet the diverse healthcare needs of the American population.
Advocacy Strategies to Promote Access to the Policy’s Benefits
The realization of the policy benefits needs providing education to the public. Many people fail to go for primary care interventions due to lack of knowledge on the importance of such activities. Provision of information through education is a critical approach to ensure that there is health promotion at different levels. An education population is likely to embrace quality lifestyle that will reduce the incidences of and risks for chronic conditions like diabetes (Bastable, 2017). Education will encourage people to go for testing and screening to enhance the identification and early management interventions of these conditions. Individuals from low-income households and settings are covered by Medicaid program and are more likely to have chronic conditions. When such conditions are treated on time, they get better prognosis.
From an ethical, Christian and professional perspective, advanced registered nurses should advocate for and promote health and prevention of diseases, especially chronic conditions. Through using translational research and evidence-based practice interventions, they develop and customize care plans and education to address certain health needs in the population. Diseases lead to dissonance between individuals and their environment as they affect the body, soul and mind. Holistic and biomedical interventions can be used to provide guidance on health promotion activities among nursing professionals (Bastable, 2017). According to the Biblical and Christian perspectives, health is an essential component of human life because it demonstrates wholesomeness required before God.
The ethical and professional perspectives implore nurses to comply with ethical principles that include beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice. Nurse practitioners should engage in possible interventions to ensure that there are beneficial outcomes to patients. Health promotion strategies should focus om minimizing disease burden through lifestyle changes and enhancing self-care management approaches among patients, particularly those with diabetes.
Conclusion
The ACA 2010 and subsequent changes continue to play a critical role in ensuring that individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease get quality care. The scope and design of the policy ensure that state and federal governments participate in implementation of the law to enhance access. The entire policy has had significant impact on the role of advanced practice nurses as they work to promote it and advocate for its implementation.
References
Bastable, S. B. (2017). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing
practice. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Blewett, L. A., Planalp, C., & Alarcon, G. (2018). Affordable Care Act Impact in Kentucky:
Increasing Access, Reducing Disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 108(7), 924–929. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304413
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020 September 8). Heart Disease Facts.
https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
Hilliard, J. I., Liebenberg, A. P., Liebenberg, I. A., & Ruhland, J. (2018). The market impact of
the supreme court decision regarding the patient protection and affordable care act: Evidence from the health insurance industry. Journal of Insurance Issues, 41(2), 135–167. RePEc:wri:journl:v:41:y:2018:i:2:p:135-167
Keith, K. (2021 March 17). New ACA Subsidies Available On April 1. Health Affairs. Retrieved
from https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20210316.222833/full/
McDermott-Levy, R., Leffers, J., & Mayaka, J. (2018). Ethical Principles and Guidelines of
Global Health Nursing Practice. Nursing Outlook, 66(5), 473-481. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.013.
Pollitz, K. (2021 March 17). How the American Rescue Plan Will Improve Affordability of
Private Health Coverage. https://www.kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/how-the-american-rescue-plan-will-improve-affordability-of-private-health-coverage/