HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
Grand Canyon University HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
After the introduction, move into the main part of the HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Search the GCU Library and find one new health care article that uses quantitative research. Do not use an article from a previous assignment, or that appears in the Topic Materials or textbook.
Complete an article analysis and ethics evaluation of the research using the \”Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics\” template. See Chapter 5 of your textbook as needed, for assistance.
Sample Answer for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
Although my specialty is cardiac nursing, I often care for patients who are either being admitted for a stroke, or they have a past medical history of a stroke. As you mentioned, time is tissue and every minute counts in these scenarios. Once brain tissue has been without oxygen for too long, there is no reversing that. My facility is stroke certified and we have an average door to CT table time of 10 minutes with our fastest time being 4 minutes. This is something we pride ourselves on since time is so important. According to the Centers for Disease Control, one in four stroke survivors have another stroke within five years (2022). This is why stroke rehabilitation is also of the utmost importance to begin as soon as possible, since some of the lasting effects can be minimized with the proper therapy.
Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
| Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format) |
Chen, Y. S., Tan, Y. J., & Zhou, L. S. (2019). Clinical effect of maternal voice stimulation in alleviating procedural pain in hospitalized neonates. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 21(1), 58-63.
Permalink: https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc7390185 |
| Point | Description |
| Broad Topic Area/Title | The main topic of the study is the clinical effect of maternal voice stimulation in alleviating procedural pain in hospitalized neonates. |
| Problem Statement
(What is the problem research is addressing?) |
The main problem being addressed in the above study is associated with the procedural pain among the hospitalized neonates. In most cases, neonates experience intense pain due to lack of evidence-based practices as well as the professionals involved in the treatment process. Painful procedures and treatments are associated with the management of neonates in different healthcare settings. |
| Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?) |
The main objective or purpose of the study is to investigate the clinical effects of alleviating procedural pain among the neonates during the processes of heel blood collection. Also, the study aims at describing and quantifying the nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches applied in reducing pain or stress among the neonates during healthcare processes in intensive care units. |
| Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?) |
What are the clinical effects of maternal voice stimulation in alleviating procedural pain in hospitalized neonates? |
| Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used) |
Null Hypothesis (HO): Maternal voice simulation has no significant effects in alleviating procedural pain among the hospitalized neonates.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Maternal voice simulation has significant effects in alleviating procedural pain among the hospitalized neonates.
|
| Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables | Independent variable: Maternal voice simulation (categorical variable)
Dependent variable: Level of procedural pain among the hospitalized neonates |
| Population of Interest for Study | The population of interest in the study is the newborn or neonates in the intensive care units from different hospitals. |
| Sample | The sample size used in the study included 72 newborns (neonates) from various healthcare settings. |
| Sampling Method | Simple random sampling methods was used in the study process. |
| Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were collected |
The data was collected from the hospital databases; in most cases, after the admission into different healthcare settings, data are always collected and stored in the databases. This study involved the application of data obtained from the healthcare databases. |
| Summarize Data Collection Approach |
Data collection process involved development or creation of forms about the required information. Some of the information collected included Apgar score at one five minutes of life, data of birth, sex, weight, among other factors. |
| Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables. |
In the process of data analysis, descriptive statistics was applied to show the attributes of variables under consideration in the study process. Both dependent and independent variables were considered in the process of data analysis. Frequencies as well as percentages were applied in the process of data analysis. Hypothesis testing was tested at p = 0.05. |
| Summarize Results of Study |
From the study, there was a significant reduction in the heart rates in the participants identified in control groups. The study also showed a significant increase in the blood oxygen saturation (Chen et al., 2019). On the other hand, the incidence of crying as well as the pain score were significantly reduced among the intervention groups during the procedure of heel blood collection. The study showed that maternal voice stimulation aids in the reduction of procedural pain as well as the maintenance of stable vital signs among the neonates.
|
| Summary of Assumptions and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author. |
One of the assumption is that the data collected were normally distributed with a standardized mean and variance. It was also assumed that the hypothesis were tested in a cost-effective manner. Finally, it was assumed that that research environment was perfect for the studies identified.
|
Ethical Considerations
There are different ethical considerations that are ought to be considered in the research process. These ethical procedures or considerations are often applied in guiding the procedures as well as research processes. From the study identified above, there was consideration of confidentiality of information. In most cases, researchers are required to maintain the confidentiality of data through the protection of databases (Maciel et al., 2019). During the processes of acquiring data from the databases, most of the data were encrypted so as to avoid or reduce unauthorized access from the third parties. While undertaking research processes, there was no recording or mentioning of names of the participants (Goto et al., 2020). Only codes were used to represent the identity of the respondents. In other words, the identify (ID) of the respondents were applied in the identification of the study respondents. Another ethical practice shown in the study process was consent. Before collecting information from the databases, consents were obtained from the representatives and the officials from the healthcare institutions. While undertaking the research processes, it is also necessary to present the consent documentation so as to seek approval or confirm the willingness of the study participants to take part in the study. In the above quantitative research, researchers managed to seek consent from parents so that the newborns could be involved in the study process. The process of data analysis was conducted in line with the required procedures to ensure accuracy in the outcomes. Security of data obtained from the databases were maintained at all levels in the research process.
References
Chen, Y. S., Tan, Y. J., & Zhou, L. S. (2019). Clinical effect of maternal voice stimulation in alleviating procedural pain in hospitalized neonates. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 21(1), 58-63. https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc7390185
Goto, T., Inoue, T., Kamiya, C., Kawabe, H., Higuchi, M., Suyama, M., … & Yamada, Y. (2020). Neonatal pain response to automatic lancet versus needle heel‐prick blood sampling: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics International, 62(3), 357-362. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ped.14142
Maciel, H. I. A., Costa, M. F., Costa, A. C. L., Marcatto, J. D. O., Manzo, B. F., & Bueno, M. (2019). Pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures of pain management and treatment among neonates. Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva, 31(1), 21-26. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6443311/
Sample Answer 2 for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
| Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format) |
Article 1
Fernandes, S., Fond, G., Zendjidjian, X. Y., Baumstarck, K., Lançon, C., Berna, F., Schurhoff, F., Aouizerate, B., Henry, C., Etain, B., Samalin, L., Leboyer, M., Llorca, P., Coldefy, M., Auquier, P., & Boyer, L. (2020). Measuring the patient experience of mental health care: A systematic and critical review of patient-reported experience measures. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 2147-2161. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s255264 |
| Point | Description |
| Broad Topic Area/Title | Measuring the Patient Experience of Mental Health Care: A Systematic and Critical Review of Patient-Reported Experience Measures |
| Problem Statement
(What is the problem research is addressing?) |
The number of patients requiring mental healthcare continues to rise; therefore, the healthcare systems must be better equipped to handle the emerging health needs. A serious concern is linked with the low quality of mental health. Most healthcare institutions are not well equipped to handle mental disorders such as schizophrenia and major depression. Besides, patients with mental illnesses also have a low life expectancy and this calls for the development of better methods and systems for handling mental health issues among the populations. The patient-reported experience measures are commonly used in determining the patients’ experience with the quality of healthcare services they receive. Using such tools helps in identifying the areas of healthcare delivery processes that must be addressed to improve the management and treatment of mental illnesses. The research explores the usefulness of the PREM tool in measuring the experiences of patients with mental health. |
| Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?) |
The purpose of the research was to identify the PREMs used in measuring the mental healthcare experiences and analyze their methodological quality. Furthermore, the study aimed at exploring the contents and the psychometric properties of the PREMs. |
| Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?) |
The research questions include:
What are the components of the PREMs tools and how effective are they in assessing the experiences of the patients with mental health issues? |
| Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used) |
Patients with positive experiences and PREMs report have improved health outcomes.
The methodology quality of the PREMs instruments varies depending on their contents. |
| Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables | The dependent variables include the contents of the PREMs while the independent variables included the satisfactory rate in meeting the |
| The population of Interest for Study | The study focused on the articles written on the development and validation process of the mental healthcare quality assessment instruments. |
| Sample | The study recruited a total of 86 articles |
| Sampling Method | The sampling method involved a systematic literature review where articles were screened and their eligibility for the study determined. The search words included patients’ satisfaction, the patients’ experiences, the mental health services, instrument, and psychometric among others. |
| Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were collected |
The data collection involve a literature review of the selected articles |
| Summarize Data Collection Approach | The relevant information from the articles was recorded in excel. The data included authors, publication years, instruments, and sample population among others. |
| Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables. |
The descriptive statistics were developed from the data collected. |
| Summarize Results of Study | The results indicated a significant variation in the PREMs tools. Only four papers used the statistical methods from the item response theory. The key contents in the instruments included interpersonal relationships, dignity, access, and care coordination, psychological care, drug therapy, information, and the care environment. On the other hand, only a few handled information on patients’ satisfaction. |
| Summary of Assumptions and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and limitations of the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author. |
The sample used in the research was obtained from a single database and this could cause biases in the results. Furthermore, the study assumed that patient experience was the best keyword to be used in the search. Though, the term is relatively recent and so studies applying it were also few.
|
Ethical Considerations
The article explored the usefulness of the PREMs tool in assessing the quality of care delivery to people with mental health issues. The article seeks to provide important information for improving the patients’ experiences. However, research works are always guided by ethical principles. The common ethical principles in research include justice, respect for autonomy and confidentiality and ”do not harm”. The nature of the research conducted by Fernandes et al. (2020) presents limited ethical concerns considering that no invasive procedure was involved. The study involved a systematic review. On the other hand, complying with the copyright issues and ensuring to recognize the authors of all the sources used is critical. The study complied with the ethical guidelines and cited all the data used in the research accordingly. Furthermore, the study methodology was appropriate to provide reliable and credible findings. The study reviewed a total of 86 articles and this was a large sample population to provide an accurate conclusion on the research topic.
The ethical aspect of the study can also be analyzed based on the usefulness of the research. The principle of beneficence requires that the research bear positive outcomes to the population of interest. In this case, the research aims to define the components of the PREMs tool and their effectiveness in meeting the patients’ experiences. Findings from the study will be used in strengthening the framework of care delivery to the patients with mental health issues and ensure the most beneficial outcome in their treatment interventions
Article analysis involves consideration of different factors, including methodology, the process of data collection, data analysis, sampling process, and the conclusion or the research findings. The validity and applicability of quantitative research depend on the accuracy of the methodology, data collection, and data analysis. The quantitative article selected for this analysis is, Impact of Sleep Characteristics and Obesity on Diabetes and Hypertension across Genders and Menopausal Status by Matsumoto et al. (2018). The article investigates the effects of sleep characteristics and obesity on high blood pressure and obesity. The article adheres to the quantitative approaches; it incorporates methodology, hypothesis, research questions, sampling processes, data analysis, and findings. The purpose of this assignment is to undertake article analysis and evaluation of the research ethics.
Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
| Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format) |
Matsumoto, T., Murase, K., Tabara, Y., Gozal, D., Smith, D., Minami, T., … & Chin, K. (2018). Impact of sleep characteristics and obesity on diabetes and hypertension across genders and menopausal status: the Nagahama study. Sleep, 41(7), zsy071.
Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy071 |
| Point | Description |
| Broad Topic Area/Title |
The effect of sleep characteristics and obesity on diabetes and hypertension across genders and menopausal status |
| Problem Statement
(What is the problem research is addressing?) |
The main problem being addressed in the research study is the increased hypertension and diabetes due to obesity and sleep characteristics. |
| Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?) |
The purpose of the study is to determine the potential relationships between sleep disordered breathing, obesity, objective sleep duration, and high blood pressure for different genders, as well as the impacts of pre or post-menopausal status. |
| Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?) |
Is there a strong relationship between sleep disordered breathing, obesity, objective sleep duration, and high blood pressure for different genders?
Is there positive impacts between sleep disordered breathing, obesity, objective sleep duration, and high blood pressure on pre or post-menopausal status? |
| Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used) |
Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no strong correlation between sleep disordered breathing, obesity, objective sleep duration, and high blood pressure for different genders
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a strong correlation between sleep disordered breathing, obesity, objective sleep duration, and high blood pressure for different genders |
| Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables | Independent variable: blood pressure (continuous variable)
Dependent variable: breathing rates, body weight, and sleep duration (continuous variable) |
| Population of Interest for Study | The population of interest in the study included middle-aged to elderly citizens. |
| Sample | A large sample size of 9850 was used in the study. |
| Sampling Method | Simple random sampling was used in the study process. |
| Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were collected |
The data used in the study was collected by the use of questionnaires. Each participant had a questionnaire where detail of body weight, breathing rates, sleep duration, and blood pressure were recorded. |
| Summarize Data Collection Approach | The process of data collection involved administration of questionnaires to the identified research participants. Healthcare professionals were involved in the measurement and determination of blood pressure, body weight, breathing rates, and sleep duration. |
| Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables. |
Descriptive statistics including mean, median, and mode were used to determine the distribution of variables involved in the study processes. For instance, the mean age of men with normal blood pressure was 56.1 years with a standard deviation of 12.4 years. Also, given that this was a correlation research, correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Strong correlation between variables were found to be greater than 0.5. In other words, there were strong relationship between the variables under the study. Student t-test and Mann–Whitney U-tests were also used to determine or assess the group difference.
|
| Summarize Results of Study |
Severity of sleep disordered breathing or obesity was strongly related to the shorter sleep duration. Besides, SDB showed a significant association with systematic high blood pressure, particularly in men. The severity of SDB strongly related to diabetes, however, this was only evident in women. There was no significant association between short sleep duration and diabetes. |
| Summary of Assumptions and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author. |
Assumption of normality of data was applied in the study. In other words, it was assumed that the dataset used was normally distributed. Additionally, it was assumed that the study was undertaken under perfect environment where all the factors were constant. Limitation of the study was based on the time consumption and cost of operation. Also, there was difficulty in determining or verifying authentic and applicable information.
|
Ethical Considerations
The success of the quantitative research process relies on adherence to ethical practices. Besides, for research outcomes to be considered valid and applicable, there is the need for ethical consideration in undertaking different processes or procedures in the course of the study (Alderson & Morrow, 2020). Ethical practices often start from the planning, data collection, data analysis, and at the point of data presentation. Confidentiality of information is one of the ethical considerations that must be considered in the course of quantitative research (Edwards, 2020). While designing quantitative studies, there is always the need to consider processes and procedures that will ensure the security of data/information collected. In the above research study, the confidentiality of information was observed at all levels; therefore, the outcome of the research can be considered valid, applicable, and reliable (Yang et al., 2020). In the process of data collection, the respondents or participants were recognized by the unique codes assigned before the data collection processes. This aids in the protection of personal information that was captured. In general, the confidentiality of information collected was achieved through the use of coded language.
The signing of consent is another ethical practice that ought to be considered in the course of research processes. While recruiting study respondents, there is the need for the researchers to consider their willingness to take part in the study and to give relevant information that can be used to enhance the reliability of outcomes (Ingels et al., 2017). In the above study, research participants were involved in signing consent to confirm their readiness to give appropriate information/data. There was no form of coercion, those who found it difficult to give their personal information were dropped at the initial stages of the research. Also, those who changed their minds in the course of the study were dropped, and this led to the change in the sample size.
Conclusion
The outcomes/findings of the quantitative research are valid, applicable, and reliable given the approaches that were taken in the study. Researchers adhered to ethical practices while planning and undertaking data collection processes. Confidentiality of information is one of the ethical considerations that was considered in the course of quantitative research. Seeking consent is another ethical procedure that was considered in the research process. Although the research outcomes were valid, reliable, and applicable, the entire research process proved to be expensive and time-consuming.
References
Alderson, P., & Morrow, V. (2020). The ethics of research with children and young people: A practical handbook. Sage.
Edwards, J. R. (2020). The peaceful coexistence of ethics and quantitative research. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(1), 31-40. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-019-04197-6
Ingels, J. S., Misra, R., Stewart, J., Lucke-Wold, B., & Shawley-Brzoska, S. (2017). The effect of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss: using HLM to model weight loss over time. Journal of diabetes research, 2017. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2017/6951495/
Yang, L., Magnussen, C. G., Yang, L., Bovet, P., & Xi, B. (2020). Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review. Hypertension, 75(4), 948-955. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14168
Sample Answer 3 for HLT-362V Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Solved
| Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format) |
MacPhee, M., Dahinten, V. S., & Havaei, F. (2017). The impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on patient and nurse outcomes. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 7.
Permalink: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/7/1/7
|
| Point | Description |
| Broad Topic Area/Title | The main topic of the article in: The impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on patient and nurse outcomes. |
| Problem Statement
(What is the problem research is addressing?) |
The main problem that the research is addressing is the poor patient outcomes that result from the heavy nurse workloads. In most cases, heavy workload may not allow nurses to have sufficient time required to perform different tasks; a scenario that may effective patient outcomes as well as their safety. |
| Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?) |
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of heavy nurse workloads on patient and nurse outcomes. |
| Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?) |
i. What is the relationship between heavy workload, nursing tasks left undone, workflow interruptions, and professional compromised standards on patient outcomes? ii. What is the impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on professional working standards? |
| Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used) |
Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no relationship between heavy workload, nursing tasks left undone, workflow interruptions, and professional compromised standards on patient outcomes
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a relationship between heavy workload, nursing tasks left undone, workflow interruptions, and professional compromised standards on patient outcomes
|
| Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables | Independent variables: Heavy workloads (nursing tasks left undone, workflow interruptions, and professional compromised), the variable is continuous, numerical data
Dependent Variable: patient outcomes, the variable is categorical, ordinal. |
| Population of Interest for Study | acute care nurses from British Columbia, Canada |
| Sample | The sample size used was 472, in other words, 472 acute care nurses from British Columbia, Canada. |
| Sampling Method | Stratified random sampling |
| Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were collected |
The data used in the study were extracted from the web-based survey about nurse’s perceptions of their working environment, patient outcomes, quality of nursing care, as well as nurse outcomes among the population under the study. |
| Summarize Data Collection Approach | The process of data collection involved acquisition of information from already established databases. The databases consisted of information from the previous research processes as well as the information that have been stored overtime. All the data and variables from obtained from these databases. |
|
Discuss Data Analysis Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables. |
i. The process of data analysis involved the application of descriptive statistics for instance, the mean age of the predominantly female sample was 38.4 years. ii. There was also the use of frequencies and percentages in the descriptive statistics, for example, 56% of the participants had a nursing degree. iii. Chi-square test was also used on the categorical variable i.e., χ 2 = 15.2, p < 0.001) (MacPhee et al., 2017) iv. Odds ratios and regression analysis were also used in data analysis. |
|
Summarize Results of Study |
i. From the study, there was weak association between the higher patient-RN ratios and the three diverse patient outcomes. ii. The job-level perceptions of task-level interruptions and heavy workloads had significant direct impacts on nurse and patient outcomes. iii. From the study, the tasks left undone mediated the relationships between heavy workloads as well as patient and nurse outcomes. |
| Summary of Assumptions and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author. |
From the article, it was assumed that the data used were normally distributed. It was also assumed that the sample size used was a true reflection of the characteristics of the population under the study. The limitation of the study arises from the use of secondary data that have been collected; this data may not be robust enough to examine or explain complex issues in the research process. Other assumption may include generalizability. The results obtained were assumed to be the representation of the population under study. The use of secondary data may be difficult to understand. |
Ethical Considerations
While undertaking research processes, there is always a need to consider different ethical issues. In other words, researchers ought to adhere to ethical standards to ensure a valid, accurate, and applicable research outcome. Research processes often involve different people, including research participants, who must confirm their willingness to take part in the study process. Some of the common ethical issues in the research processes include beneficence, informed consent, respect for confidentiality and anonymity, as well as respect for privacy (Alderson & Morrow, 2020). When undertaking the research process, researchers always focus on preventing harm to the participants, focusing on caring, as well as protecting the dignity of the respondents, which often calls for defending the rights of the study subjects. Ethics in research is critical in ensuring accurate, valid, and applicable research outcomes.
From the research study under consideration, informed consent was used to confirm the participant’s willingness to participate in the study process. Each of the participant identified in the study was presented with the form of consent where they signed to confirm their preparedness or readiness to take part in the study. The researchers also observed the confidentiality of information. The information obtained from the databases was handled with care to avoid access from unauthorized sources. Passwords were used to protect databases to avoid information access by third parties or those not directly involved in the study process. In most cases, respondents often prefer remaining anonymous in the study; thus, protecting their information is necessary. For instance, the real names of the respondents were not used. Instead, participant’s IDs were used.
References
Alderson, P., & Morrow, V. (2020). The ethics of research with children and young people: A practical handbook. Sage.
MacPhee, M., Dahinten, V. S., & Havaei, F. (2017). The impact of heavy perceived nurse workloads on patient and nurse outcomes. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 7. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/7/1/7