NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

The introduction for the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Describe the issues and a possible solution in a 3-5-page paper.

Sample Answer for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

Medication Errors

In recent times, there have been concerns regarding patient safety while in the care environment since patients are exposed to various hazards and events that can endanger their lives and also reduce patient satisfaction. Bodies like the World Health Organization have made several efforts to improve patient safety, and therefore, patient safety is being used as the fundamental care quality dimension (Mieiro et al., 2019). One of such concerns is medication errors which have largely been referred to as any preventable event that can lead to or cause an inappropriate use of medication or patient harm while the medication is the control of the consumer, patient, or healthcare professional. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to formulate an annotated bibliography on medication errors and the current efforts to address the situation.

Interest in the Topic and Professional Experience

As a professional, I believe in the safety of patients and that patients need to be satisfied with the nature or kind of patient care offered in the care setting. The implication is that the nurses and other healthcare professionals need to do their absolute best in ensuring that the patient gets the best. This topic is of interest since medication errors are largely preventable. Recent findings indicate that medication error is among the primary causes of patient mortality and morbidity and that in the USA alone, medication errors cause up to 7,000 deaths every single year while also leading to substantial intangible and tangible costs (Mieiro et al., 2019). Therefore, efforts are needed to explore more robust strategies to control and prevent medication errors. I have had a professional experience with medication errors, where a former staff member was involved in a medication error involving preparation and dispensing leading to medication overdose. The error negatively impacted the Patient’s life and had to be admitted to the emergency department to help negate the impacts of the overdose. The facility was later served with litigation papers followed by a costly court case.

The Annotated Bibliography

The annotated bibliography was created after conducting a comprehensive literature search from various databases. The following databases were searched using relevant keywords; Google Scholar was used as one of the search sites in addition to other important databases such as TRIP database, Cochrane Library, Dynamed, PubMed, and CINHAL.

Huckels-Baumgart, S., Baumgart, A., Buschmann, U., Schüpfer, G., & Manser, T. (2021). Separate medication preparation rooms reduce interruptions and medication errors in the hospital setting: a prospective observational study. Journal of patient safety, 17(3), e161-e168. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000335

ThiIS article by Huckels-Bumgart et al. (2021) was written with the major aim of examining the impact of using separate medication rooms on the interruptions when preparing medications and on the rates of self-reported medication errors. This article has been included as part of the annotated bibliography because it is peer-reviewed and explores one of the interventions addressing medication errors. The intervention explored was preparing medications in separate rooms to address the problem of distractions which have been shown to cause medication errors. The

NHS FPX4000 Assessment 1 Applying Ethical Principles Capella

researchers used a pre-and post-intervention study directly observing nurses during medication preparation (Huckels-Bumgart et al., 2021). The study took 122 days where a total of forty-two nurses were recruited to participate in the study, and they prepared one thousand four hundred and ninety-eight medications. During the time of the study, a total of two hundred and eight medication errors were reported. Upon the use of separate rooms for preparation, the researchers noted that the rates of interruptions significantly reduced for fifty-two to thirty per hour while the preparation free of interruption substantially increased to 2.5 minutes from 1.4 minutes (Huckels-Bumgart et al., 2021). Worth noting is that there was a significant drop in medication error rates per day as only 0.9 errors per day were observed as compared to 1.3 errors observed before the intervention. This study, therefore, showed that the use of separate medication preparation rooms significantly decreased cases of medication errors.

Lance, S., Travers, J., & Bourke, D. (2021). Reducing medication errors for hospital inpatients with Parkinsonism. Internal medicine journal, 51(3), 385-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14782

Authored by Lance et al., 2020, this article aimed at determining the efficacy of an awareness campaign and a multimodal education in lowering the incidences of medication errors among patients with Parkinsonism. This article has also been included since it explores interventions for preventing medication errors, hence sheds more light on addressing medication errors. The researchers carried out an audit of the facility’s medication error chats to obtain the baseline data for medication error rates. They then offered the participants an intervention that contained higher priority for patient drug charts, pharmacist review, sticker alert system, and staff education. The baseline data revealed that the medication error rate at the facility was 22.5%, while the complications were found to be forty-five percent (Lance et al., 2020). Upon the implementation of the intervention, the medication error rates significantly reduced to 9%, while the complications due to the errors went down to 38%. Besides, the average length of hospital stay before the intervention at baseline was 13 days. This figure was significantly reduced to 8 days upon the implementation of the intervention. Therefore, this study shows the efficacy of the educational intervention in significantly lowering the rates of medication errors, reducing complications, and lowering the average in-hospital stay by the patients.

Høghaug, G., Skår, R., Tran, T. N., Diep, L. M., & Bredal, I. S. (2021). Three-month follow-up effects of a medication management program on nurses’ knowledge. Nurse Education in Practice, 51, 102979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102979

The article “Three-month follow-up effects of a medication management program on nurses’ knowledge” was recently published by Høghaug et al., 2021. The main aim of this study was to explore the impact of medication management programs on nurses’ knowledge of the management of medication. This article was also included as part of the bibliography since, apart from the fact that it is peer-reviewed, it explores ways of enhancing nurses’ knowledge to help lower the problem of medication errors (Høghaug et al., 2021). The researchers employed a quasi-experimental study design where a total of 57 nurses took part and answered multiple-choice tests after three months of implementing the intervention and immediately after implementing the intervention.

McNemar’s test was used in assessing the changes in test scores between immediate post-intervention and at three months. From the analysis, it was noted that at three months, a lower number of nurses answered various categories of questions correctly. For example, questions on observing patients after administering opioids, documentation of opioid administration, and medication administration documentation were all answered correctly by fewer nurses three months after the intervention. However, more nurses answered the question on administering medication with food. These results, therefore, show that for better medication errors prevention and management, there should be continuous training and medication management (Høghaug et al., 2021). In addition, the training and management should focus on the clinical practice routines and theory-based knowledge

Berdot, S., Vilfaillot, A., Bezie, Y., Perrin, G., Berge, M., Corny, J., … & Sabatier, B. (2021). Effectiveness of a ‘do not interrupt’vest intervention to reduce medication errors during medication administration: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC nursing, 20(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00671-7.

This article focused on evaluating the impact of an initiative “do not interrupt” on the medication administration error rates. This research has been included as part of the bibliography since it is peer-reviewed and addresses possible strategies for addressing medication errors. The researchers used a randomized controlled trial with 1346 patients and 178 nurses taking part in the study. Data was collected using trained observers using direct observation (Berdot et al., 2021). The analysis revealed various significant results. Upon the use of the intervention, the medication errors related to administration in the intervention group were 6.23%, while in the control group, it was 7.09%. The study also identified risk factors to medication errors as an interruption, unit exposition, nurses’ workload, nurses’ experience, and patent age. In addition, the main error noted during the study in both the experimental and the control group was a wrong-dosage error.

Summary

Valuable knowledge was learned when researching medication errors and formulating the annotated bibliography. One of the points learned is that medication errors are among the top cause of mortality and morbidity among patients and that they cause up to seven thousand deaths in the USA alone. Various research efforts have also been put in place to look for better ways of addressing the situation. The annotated bibliography is composed of four articles that explored various interventions that can be used to address the problem of medication errors. The sources contribute invaluable knowledge to help individuals know more about medication errors. For instance, there is a need for continuous nurse training and education on medication management to result in a sustained effect of lower medication errors.

References

Lance, S., Travers, J., & Bourke, D. (2021). Reducing medication errors for hospital inpatients with Parkinsonism. Internal medicine journal, 51(3), 385-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14782.

Mieiro, D. B., Oliveira, É. B. C. D., Fonseca, R. E. P. D., Mininel, V. A., Zem-Mascarenhas, S. H., & Machado, R. C. (2019). Strategies to minimize medication errors in emergency units: an integrative review. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 72, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0658

Sample Answer 2 for NHS-FPX4000 Assessment 1: Applying Ethical Principles Capella

Nurses have a vital function in medicine, dedicating 70% of their time to patient care and closely monitoring the effectiveness of treatments (Leland et al., 2024). Frequently, they are presented with patient inquiries, allowing them to attend to worries and provide high-quality healthcare. To enhance their confidence and establish their authority, nurses might use research to progress treatment methodologies and improve patient results. This may include assisting with evidence-based care and supervising initiatives. Nurses with solid research abilities may immediately apply state-of-the-art research to patient care, influencing the present and future of healthcare. This paper aims to provide research results on promoting evidence-based practice in managing staffing shortages in nursing.

Staffing Shortages

Hospitals face a severe public health crisis due to substantial nurse staffing challenges. According to the International Centre on Nurse Migration, there is a projected shortfall of 13 million nurses by 2030 (Griffiths et al., 2021). This problem significantly impacts hospital administrators and patients’ overall well-being, especially in emergency departments, pediatrics, and critical care units. To tackle these difficulties, top-level managers must develop novel tactics to guarantee enough personnel levels and enhanced patient care. As a medical professional, I know staffing shortages impact practitioners, patients, and the healthcare industry. Insufficient staffing leads to employee fatigue, extreme tiredness, insufficient interpersonal relationships, and subpar quality of care for patients. Based on my firsthand observation, a nurse at the same clinic administered incorrect medication to a female, exacerbating her health condition. The nurse had a prolonged period of overwork due to a lack of enough time to provide patient care. Personnel shortages concern me and my colleagues due to their potential impact on us.

Article Selection Process

I conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed Central and the American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research to find scholarly articles that have undergone peer review. To filter down the extensive resources, I searched using specific keywords related to healthcare staffing shortages, such as nurse shortages, medical personnel shortages, worker burnout, clinician shortages, the standard of care, the healthcare labor market, patient safety, and skill gaps. By using Boolean operators, I was able to enhance the effectiveness of my search by combining phrases. When searching for literature on the consequences of nurse shortage, I used keywords such as patient safety, healthcare staff shortfall, and quality of care (Tamata et al., 2021). By giving priority to ‘journal articles’ and focusing on nursing as my topic, I limited my search to peer-reviewed publications.

Assessing Credibility

I used the CRAAP test to evaluate the trustworthiness of the source. This examination evaluates sources’ currentness, pertinence, credibility, precision, and intention. To verify the relevance of each source to my subject, I examined the publication date, ensuring that it fell within a five-year timeframe. I selected sites that extensively cover my issue and are based on a thorough study to ensure their relevance. I assessed the reliability of the sources by confirming the writers’ trustworthiness and competence in healthcare staffing. I ensured that the premises and assertions of the sources were substantiated by evidence and adequately referenced. Ultimately, I verified the sources to ensure that the data was free from any bias (Shamsi & Peyravi, 2020).

Annotated Bibliography

Leland, N. E., Prusynski, R. A., Shore, A. D., Cary, M. P., Falvey, J., Mroz, T., & Saliba, D. (2024). Skilled nursing facility staffing shortages: Sources, strategies, and impacts on staff who stayed. Health Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14355

The research conducted by Leland et al. (2024) examines the insufficiency of personnel in skilled nursing facilities during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study included 94 skilled nursing facility executives who participated in individual interviews. The results revealed deficiencies in staffing levels across all positions, including direct care, support services, administrative workers, and leadership. The shortages were attributed to salary competition, familial caring obligations, and fatigue. The research suggests that implementing policies is necessary to assist skilled nursing facilities personnel in various positions, including addressing overarching factors like wage disparities and burnout. Additionally, it recommends using approaches like cross-training and work role flexibility to maximize effectiveness.

Griffiths, P., Saville, C., Ball, J. E., Jones, J., & Monks, T. (2021). Beyond ratios – flexible and resilient nurse staffing options to deliver cost-effective hospital care and address staff shortages: A simulation and economic modeling study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, p. 117, 103901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103901

In their research, Griffiths et al. (2021) assessed the cost-effectiveness of several methods for determining the initial number of nurses needed in general medical/surgical units while also incorporating flexible personnel to accommodate changes in demand. A simulation was created using agent-based modeling to represent the movement of hospital inpatient units between states of understaffing, appropriate staffing, or overstaffing in response to staff supply and demand changes. The researchers compared a typical staffing plan and two alternative plans: one with larger baseline rosters, referred to as the “resilient” plan, and another with lower baseline rosters, referred to as the “flexible” plan. The findings indicated that staffing strategies with larger initial rosters resulted in increased expenses but also yielded enhanced outcomes. The research determined that monitoring patient demand shift by shift may help make informed decisions about staff allocation. However, it is crucial to ensure that the initial number of staff members scheduled is enough.

Tamata, A. T., Mohammadnezhad, M., & Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 16(5), e0251890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890

The research conducted by Tamata et al. (2021) centers on the dearth of certified nurses in Vanuatu, a Pacific nation, and its influence on their effectiveness. The study included 25 nurses from three hospitals in Vanuatu, who were questioned using a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Four themes were identified: challenging work environments, characteristics that strengthen or support, and perceived hazards. The survey identified challenging working circumstances in the nursing profession, such as excessive workload, insufficient staff, irregular working hours, inadequate support, and limited chances for professional growth. The perceived hazards included stress, physiological and psychological dangers, and social and familial concerns. The results may assist policymakers in tackling the scarcity of nursing professionals and its consequences by enhancing and creating appropriate policies to fulfill the demand and improve the provision of high-quality healthcare services.

Shamsi, A., & Peyravi, H. (2020). Nursing shortage, a different challenge in Iran: A systematic review. PubMed, 34, 8. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.8

The research conducted by Shamsi and Peyravi (2020) examined the underlying factors contributing to the shortage of nurses worldwide, explicitly focusing on the situation in Iran. The research identified the primary factors contributing to the issue: the aging nursing staff, insufficient training, the aging population, and job abandonment. In Iran, the primary concerns were a need for more interest in pursuing a career in nursing, instances of nurses leaving their jobs, insufficient income, diminished social standing, and a wrong view of the nursing profession. Measures to tackle the scarcity in Iran included augmenting compensation, revamping the work environment, enhancing public awareness, preserving the current nursing personnel, and providing adaptable work arrangements. The research determined that nurse shortages are complex and should be addressed by considering the specific circumstances of each nation.

Lessons Learned/Conclusion

Through this research, I gained valuable insights into the issue of medical staff shortages and identified the primary contributing factors. To address the shortfall in healthcare staffing, it is crucial to implement focused interventions that target the root causes. These interventions should improve work-life balance, enhance pay, and strengthen human resource management and planning. After studying the correlation between limited medical access and the rise in emergency room utilization, I have gained a comprehensive understanding. This was achieved by examining the impact of nurse shortages on emergency room visits. I only understood this concept once I read the article. Creating an annotated bibliography was instrumental in gathering a collection of scholarly journal articles that focused on the issue of healthcare service shortages. I will utilize my resources to locate pertinent information for the research paper. The annotated bibliography highlighted the importance of enacting suitable legislation to support current solutions, such as migrant healthcare workers (Shamsi & Peyravi, 2020). This research highlights the significance of effectively managed and adequately staffed medical professionals in providing excellent patient care and the urgency to address staffing shortages.

References

Shamsi, A., & Peyravi, H. (2020). Nursing shortage, a different challenge in Iran: A systematic review. PubMed, 34, 8. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.8