NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

The article I chose is “The importance of adhering to high standards of research ethics”. There are a few reasons that are necessary to adhere to high standards of ethics, but one important reason is to keep patients safe and protect their rights.

This can be done by following the guidelines of the Commission on Ethics in Science, 2012, according to Stefaniak & Mazurkiewicz(2017), which can be beneficial to researchers by preventing misconduct, falsification, and plagiarism. ” Doing the right thing from the beginning of a study is the best way to avoid legal and ethical accusations” according to Houser (p.68, 2018). The high standard of care starts when the researcher develops a design for the research. The researcher has to adhere to the laws related to research when designing the research and during the research.

Dangers of conflict of interest can cause bias to be introduced to the research. Dangers of conflict of interest would be getting financial benefit from the research or trying to achieve the best result in the shortest time possible, according to Stefaniak & Mazurkiewicz(2017). Abiding by the law and ethical standards can prevent a researcher from being in a conflict of interest situation with the research.

An example of bias in a research is nurse researcher should not do a research with a group that i

ncludes a subject that is under the primary nursing care of the nurse researcher. This can cause bias to be maximized, which can occur in the design of the research or during a research.

Houser, J. (2015). Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett

Stefaniak, M., & Mazurkiewicz, B. (2017). The importance of adhering to high standards of research ethics. British Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 62. Retrieve the article: http://proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=120706824&site=eds-live&scope=siteLinks to an external site.

Sample Answer 2 for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

to which can be beneficial to researchers by preventing misconduct, falsification, and plagiarism ” Doing the right thing from the beginning of a study is the best way to avoid legal and ethical accusations” according to Houser (p.68, 2018). The high standard of care starts when the researcher develops a design for the research. The researcher has to adhere to the laws related to research when designing the research and during the research.

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The dangers of conflict of interest would be bias introduced to the research. Others would be getting financial benefit from the research or acceleration the time of the research to achieve the best result, according to Stefaniak & Mazurkiewicz(2017). Abiding by the law and ethical standards can prevent a researcher from being in a conflict of interest situation with the research. Example, nurse researcher should not do a research with a randomized group that includes a subject that is under the primary nursing care of the nurse researcher. This can cause bias to be maximized, which can occur in the design or during the reasearch.

Houser, J. (2015). Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett

I read the second article: Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016). Ethical issues: Responsibilities and dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71(1), 86.

NR 439 Week 5: Reading Research Literature (graded)

NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

NR 439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper (graded)

NR 439 Week 7: Applying and Sharing Evidence to Practice

NR 439 Week 8: Where Do You Go From Here?

Solved: NR 439 Literature Review and Searching for Evidence

Solved: NR 439 Florence Nightingale era Evidence Based Practice Paper

SOLVED: NR 439 Problems/Picot/Evidence Search PPE

Sample Answer 3 for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

Questions for the second article:

Discuss the difference between ethical responsibility and ethical dilemma:

Ethics is the study of right and wrong. It teaches what one might do when faced with issues where values, rights, personal beliefs, or societal norms may be in conflict (Houser, 2015).The first thing we need to do is determine whether it is an ethical issue when faced with a challenging situation, especially in the workplace. The first question we must ask ourselves if the situation concerns right and wrong, rights and responsibilities, human welfare, or individuals best interest. If the answer to each of these question is “no”, then the situation is not an ethical issue, but if any of the questions is yes, then the situation becomes an ethical issue. (Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016).

Ethical responsibilities are mandates that are clearly spelled out in the NAEYC code of ethical conduct. It describes what one must do and must not do. It is similar to legal responsibilities in that they require or forbid a particular action.

According to (Houser, 2015), anytime someone determines that a situation involves ethics and does not think it is a responsibility, it is likely to be a dilemma. A dilemma is a situation for which there are two possible resolutions, each of which can be justified in moral terms. In a dilemma, a person is obligated to choose between two actions. Ethical dilemma s are sometimes known as situations that involve two rights.

Share an experience of ethical dilemma or moral distress in nursing today:

I work in a nursing home, and often times I see families making decisions for their own interest instead of the best interest of the patient. I had a patient with End Liver disease. The advance directives stated Full Code. We organized a care plan meeting because the patient’s prognosis was very poor. The interdisciplinary team together with the Physician suggested to the family to change the code status because the patient was in and out of the hospital. The hospital had recommended hospice, but the family was adamant. The family wanted tube feeding to be inserted so their mother can be fed via tube despite the fact that the physicians have clearly stated the patient will not benefit from any artificial nutrition. In this situation, the family members were making the decisions not in the best interest of their mother but for fear of losing her. The family thought, they could prolong her life instead of thinking of the quality of her life at that particular time. The issue of respecting the patient’s advance directives during end of life is always an ethical dilemma that nurses are confronted with, as families always try to go against the wishes of their loved ones by trying to change the advance directives.

References

Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016). Ethical issues: Responsibilities and dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71(1), 86. Retrieve the article: http://proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=114680496&site=eds-live (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing research: reading, using, and creating evidence (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sample Answer 4 for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

I read the second article: Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016). Ethical issues: Responsibilities and dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71(1), 86.

Questions for the second article:

Discuss the difference between ethical responsibility and ethical dilemma:

Share an experience of ethical dilemma or moral distress in nursing today:

References

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing research: reading, using, and creating evidence (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sample Answer 5 for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

This is very interesting Charles! Wow! Such a sad situation! It is full of ethical issues! I really wished that the UK would have allowed the Little Charlie to come to the U.S. and to have received experimental treatment! There were no definite results! Then, the quality of life and continued treatment costs were other things to consider! My heart goes out to the parents! Thanks for sharing!

Here’s a timeline of recent events from this case:

“America’s vice president has expressed his sadness for the death of Charlie Gard, the 11-month-old British baby whose fight to seek medical treatment in the United States sparked an international uproar and long legal battle.

U.S. Vice President Mike Pence posted on Facebook: “Saddened to hear of the passing of Charlie Gard. Karen & I offer our prayers & condolences to his loving parents during this difficult time.”

Pence’s boss, President Donald Trump, had offered his support to the child, whose legal battle also attracted the attention of Pope Francis.

Charlie died on Friday, one week shy of his first birthday.

8:05 p.m.

Great Ormond Street Hospital in London has expressed its condolences after the death of Charlie Gard, the terminally ill child who died on week short of his first birthday.

The hospital, which had been at the center of a legal battle with the child’s parents, issued a statement late Friday following news of the child’s death.

The hospital said “everyone at Great Ormond Street Hospital sends their heartfelt condolences to Charlie’s parents and loved ones at this very sad time.”

Charlie suffered from a rare genetic disease, mitochondrial depletion syndrome, which left him brain damaged and unable to move his limbs or breathe unaided.

6:35 p.m.

Medical ethicist Arthur Caplan said the Charlie Gard case shows how the medical profession is struggling to adjust to the age of social media, which puts the general public in the middle of decisions that in the past would have been private issues for doctors and the family.

Caplan, of New York University’s Langone Medical Center says “I do think that in an era of social media, it is possible to rally huge numbers of people to your cause … the medical ethics have not caught up.”

The heated commentary prompted Judge Francis to criticize the effects of social media and those “who know almost nothing about this case but who feel entitled to express opinions.”

Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, Britain’s premier children’s hospital, reported that its doctors and nurses were receiving serious threats over Charlie’s case. London police are investigating.

6:35 p.m.

Under British law, it is common for courts to intervene when parents and doctors disagree on the treatment of a child. In such cases, the rights of the child take primacy over the parents‘ right to decide what’s best for their offspring. The principle applies even in cases where parents have an alternative point of view, such as when religious beliefs prohibit blood transfusions.

Charlie Gard’s case made it all the way to Britain’s Supreme Court as Charlie’s parentsrefused to accept decisions by a series of judges who backed Great Ormond Street. But the Supreme Court agreed with the lower courts, saying it was in Charlie’s best interests that he be allowed to die.

The case caught the attention of Donald Trump and Pope Francis after the European Court of Human Rights refused to intervene. The two leaders sent tweets of support for Charlie and his parents, triggering a surge of grassroots action, including a number of U.S. right-to-life activists who flew to London to support Charlie’s parents.

6:35 p.m.

Charlie Gard’s parents raised more than 1.3 million pounds ($1.7 million) to take him to the United States for an experimental medical therapy they believed could prolong his life. But Charlie’s doctors at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London objected, saying the treatment wouldn’t help and might cause him to suffer.

The dispute ended up in court.

Charlie’s case became a flashpoint for debates on the rights of both children and parents, on health-care funding, medical interventions, the responsibilities of hospitals and medical workers and the role of the state.

After months of legal battles, High Court judge Nicholas Francis ruled Thursday that Charlie should be transferred to a hospice and taken off life support after his parents and the hospital failed to agree on an end-of-life care plan for the infant.

6:35 p.m.

Charlie Gard, the terminally ill British baby at the center of a legal and ethical battle that attracted the attention of Pope Francis and U.S. President Donald Trump has died. He was one week shy of his first birthday.

Charlie suffered from a rare genetic disease, mitochondrial depletion syndrome, which left him brain damaged and unable to move his limbs or breathe unaided.

A family spokeswoman, Alison Smith-Squire, confirmed Charlie’s death on Friday, a day after a judge ordered he be taken to a hospice for his final hours.

His mother Connie Yates said in a statement “our beautiful little boy has gone, we’re so proud of him.”

Reference

The Associated, P. (2017). The Latest: Catholic groups praise Charlie Gard’s parents

Sample Answer 6 for NR 439 Week 4: Ethical and Legal Issues

I chose the article, “Ethical Issues Responsibilities and Dilemmas,” by Stephanie Feeney and Nancy Freeman. This article shed light on the difference between an ethical responsibility and dilemma. An ethical responsibility is one in which there is one clear choice which one is mandated to follow according to codes. For example, not preforming an action that will clearly result in harm towards a child. However, an ethical dilemma is not clear cut-two potential choices exist, both of which will result in pros and cons.

I work in a Psychiatric Unit and I have worked with patients who have faced multiple types of abuse. An ethical dilemma I have faced is when I see patients who are abused by significant others yet refuse to press charges. I am not legally able to report the abuse- as it does not involve child or elderly abuse and is up to the adult patient in terms of what legal parameters they wish to follow. Another example of a dilemma I personally face is finding compassion for a known child abuser. It is important for a nurse to know his/her limitations in order to ensure that a patient receives necessary care. For me, I ask the charge nurse to assign me a different patient because I am self aware of my biases.

A great example of this article would be the issue occurring in England in which the parents fought to transport their toddler into the US for experimental therapy. The court ruled against the parent’s wishes and mandated that life support would be withdrawn because the toddler would receive no benefit from the continued medical intervention. I think, as parents, we would all fight for any chance of improvement.

Feeney, S., & Freeman, N.K. (2016) Ethical Issues Responsibilities and Dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71 (1), 86.