NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Class, the tools that we use to collect data need to be reliable and valid. Define these terms with respect to research and explain why they are important.

We will be working on the following: 2 Course OutComes:

CO(s) to which it is mapped:

CO2: Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. (PO: 4, 8)

CO4: Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and clinical significance related to evidence-based practice. (PO: 4, 8)

Consider data collection and measure methods as you read the following online or after you download it.

American Nurses Association. (2014). Fast facts: The nursing workforce 2014: Growth, salaries, education, demographics & trends. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursin

NR 439 Week 5 Data Collection and Measurement

g/workforce/Fast-Facts-2014-Nursing-Workforce.pdf

1. Review these facts and describe what the results say about this sample of the nursing workforce.
2.What do you believe was the intent of the researcher who designed the survey?

Define these terms with respect to research, and explain why they are important.

4.Consider data collection and measurement methods for your nursing clinical issue. Explain how you would collect data and what measurement methods you would use.

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Sample Answer for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

When doing research and presenting information, it is always imperative to use data that is considered valid and reliable. The term valid is defined as “well-grounded or justifiable: being at once relevant and meaningful” (Merriam-Webster.com, 2017). Information that is considered valid, is information believed to be precise and accurate. When information is considered to be reliable, it is known to be true/ factual with data to prove so. If there is ever any doubt I the validity and reliability in the information being presented, the confidence in the study is devalued.

After reviewing the designated study, the intent of the researcher seems to be to give information on the nursing profession using data from actual nurses highlighting both positive and negative data. The data collection method used in this study was psychometric which uses scales and survey. According to this week’s lesson, “Variables must be expressed as numbers in order to analyze them statistically, but different types of numbers have different levels of measurement” (Chamberlain, 2017). The measurement method used is the nominal level of measurement presenting categorized data such as age, gender, salaries, etc.

When collecting data for my nursing clinical issue, I would also use the psychometric method by evaluating the number of readmissions in relation to patients that receive 48- hour post discharge calls. The measurement method I would use is ratio showing a decrease in readmissions of newly diagnosed HF patients with 48-hour post discharge phone calls. I would collect data by locating newly diagnosed HF patients, administer 48-hour post discharge call, and monitor readmission rates of designated patients within a 30-day period for 3 months at a time. I would then compare the data against HF patients that never received 48-hour post discharge calls and the rate of readmission.

References

Chamberlain College of Nursing (CCN). (2017). NR-439- Week 5 Lecture: Reading Research Implementing the Study, Data Collection Methods [Online lesson]. Downers Grove, IL: DeVry Education Group

Valid. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/valid

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Sample Answer 2 for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

Based on the ANA (2014) report, the nursing workforce is highly concentrated in the south, which has the lowest average(mean) in the nursing occupation. However, the west has a high annual growth with highest salaries for nurses. Nursing demand has increased because of the need for more new nurses and replacement of nurses leaving the occupation. Even though the percentage of male nurses has increased, there is still a low percentage of male nurses compared to female nurses. Working nurses over 50 years old carry a high concentration of nurses in the work force, however, the percentage of nurses under 40 years old declined over a five-years period, according to ANA (2014).

I believe the Researcher’s intent in designing this survey was to give a quantitive design, an empirical design research report that shows statistical result and comparison of nurses based on education, age, demographics, and salary, giving nurses a clearer picture of the areas of nursing demands(shortages) and surpluses. The researcher also base this report on the economy when he mentioned annual growth rate. Nurses retained employment status when the economy is in a recession. Because at this time, employment rate decreases and unemployment rate increases.

I would consider my nursing clinical issue to be tardiness in the workplace. Data collection would be of the mixed method, qualitative and quantitative design. measurement would involve collecting and using “qualatitive data to explore quantitative findings”, Wisdom & Creswell (2013). My sample will be employees. I will obtain permission for my data collection. I will ask open ended questions and use statistical measurements. Data collection could also be done by a survey. The information obtained has to be proven reliable and valid.

Wisdom; J., Creswell; J., W. (2013). Mixed Methos. Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centered Medical Home Models. Evidence od Evaluation. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850, http://www.ahrq.gov/Links to an external site.

Sample Answer 3 for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

According to the ANA (2014), RN job growth will be at least 15 percent. Also, 1.13 million additional RNs are needed to fill the new jobs and replace those retiring or leaving the workforce. It looks like more jobs will be available than there are RNs to fill them. This looks like a nursing shortage to me. It looks like the northeast and west pay nurses the most with California taking the top five spots. Thirteen of the lowest paid RN salaries are in the south. Florida was not listed, so they must be somewhere in the middle.

I was amazed to learn that the job with the most annual job openings that require at least “an associate’s degree for entry” is RN (ANA, 2014). Another interesting fact is that RN’s rank number 5 for the jobs with the largest employment. The average nurse lives in the city, is 50 years old and female. Males have had a substantial increase in their numbers, now up to 11 percent. Urban nurses also have a higher level of education than rural nurses.

More nurses are passing their boards all the time. The south has the highest percent of job offers at 68 percent compared to job offers for all professions at 29.3 percent. 43.7 percent of hospitals require all new hires to have their BSN, and those healthcare employers with a “strong preference for BSN graduates is 78.6%” (ANA, 2014). BSN graduates with at least 4-6 months of employment as nurses have an 89 percent rate of hire.

With the nursing shortage, what does the outlook look like for nursing schools and teacher shortages? Not good. Nearly 80,000 qualified applicants were turned away for what looks like a shortage of nursing professors. There is an 8.3 percent faculty vacancy and the average age of professors are 57.2-61.3 years with over 72 percent over the age of 50. What is going to happen in another 10-20 years when these nurses retire?

One final statistic of note. The Institute of Medicine has a goal that “80% of RNs will hold a bachelor’s degree or higher by 2020” (ANA, 2014). So where do we stand as of 2014 – at 55 percent.

I think the intent of the study was to show that nurses make good money and that nurses have a high hiring rate right out of college, especially ones BSN educated. They wanted to show that nurses find job all over the country and that more men are becoming nurses too. I also think they were trying to show that there is and will continue to be a nursing shortage, so nurses as a profession, will be in demand for a long time.

For something to be reliable or have reliability related to research, then whatever is measured must measure precisely and “consistently” between all types of measurements (individuals, raters, over time). Research must be repeatable and the tools used to measure something must be considered to have reliability or the research cannot be considered true or accurate or trustworthy (Houser, 2018, pp. 202-203). Validity should go hand in hand with reliability because while an instrument may measure something consistently, it may not be measuring the right thing. That is what validity is, it is about ensuring that what is being measured is the right thing. For example, I could be consistently getting the same weight for my lump of coal, but if my scale is off and not accurate, then I am not measuring what I am supposed to measure. For research to be true and accurate, it must have both reliability and validity (Houser, 2018, pp. 204-205.

My previous nursing clinical issue and PICOT question was “Does compliance with hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers reduced hospital acquired infections? To start researching my question, I would collect data from both primary and secondary sources. For primary, I would use a survey because I need to have data collected directly from nurses about their “experiences, behaviors, attitudes, or perceptions” (Houser, 2018, p. 225). For my secondary data, I can use “data sets that were originally collected for purposed other than research” (Houser, 2018, p. 224). My hospital for one should have numerical data they have collected that will work for my clinical question.

References

American Nurses Association. (2014). Fast facts: The nursing workforce 2014: Growth, salaries, education, demographics & trends. ANA. http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/workforce/Fast-Facts-2014-Nursing-Workforce.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing Research, Reading, Using, and Creating Evidence. (4th ed.) Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sample Answer 4 for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

The American Nurses Association research termed as ‘FAST FACTS’ explores the various variables and trends in the nursing profession in the whole of U.S.A. Some of the aspects of the nursing jobs studied in the article are, the job growth rate, the mean and median salaries of employees in the occupations, the number of job opportunities available every year, the turnover in the job among many other variables (American Nurses Association, 2014). The facts presented in the article illuminate vital facts of the industry and how these data varies from one geographical region of the country to the next one. These records are fundamental in tracing trends in the industry and also implementing policies that even the playing field in the industry.

Reliability in a study would refer to the consistency of findings in the same survey if it were to be carried out again by a different, person, group, or institution (University of California, 2017). A good example is that of a study carried out to determine the average income in a particular region. If such a study would be conducted again within a relatively close period, the finding should not significantly vary from the initial study. On the other hand, the Validity of a study is established from the credibility of the survey. A good example can be seen by considering our previous income example. The finding on the average earnings may be consistent, but they may also be invalid if the average income is used as a measure of individual intelligence quotient. This is because the two factors do not have a direct relationship and therefore the study may not be credible. Validity and reliability of research are critical since without them the finding of a study are not useful for the intended purpose.

When conducting a study on a clinical issue such as “Does implementation of Fall Prevention Programs reduce Hospital falls” various factors should be taken into consideration for the study to be valid and reliable. The first on is that the sample one uses should be taken from a group of people that are affected the subject under study. This is because qualitative studies do not use random sampling but instead uses purposive sampling (Devers & Frankel, 2000). Also, the sample size should be of the acceptable size for such a study since small samples may lead to bias in information while significantly large samples may result in errors. The method used to collect the required information should also be appropriate in acquiring the relevant information. Access to previous studies conducted on the subject under research is also critical to the researchers.

References

American Nurses Association. (2014). FAST FACTS the Nursing Workforce 2014: Growth, Salaries, Education, Demographics & Trends. Retrieved from. FastFacts_NsgJobGrowth-Salaries_UPDATED8-25-15_1_3_.pdf

Devers, K. & Frankel, R. (2000). Study Design in Qualitative Research-2: Sampling and Data Collection Strategies. Education for Health, Vol. 13, No.2 pp.263-271. Retrieved from. http://search.proquest.com/openview/64668cf525ee1e12d59e52d244b53625/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=33821

University of California. (2017). Reliability and Validity. Retrieved from. http://psc.dss.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/intro/validity.htm

Sample Answer 5 for NR 439 Week 5: Data Collection and Measurement

“Scope of the Problem and Strategies for Expanding the Supply, published by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)Links to an external site.(http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/facultyshortageFS.pdfLinks to an external site.). This article summarizes the faculty shortage from its start to the present, identifying factors contributing to the shortage and strategies to expand the current nursing faculty workforce. In their 2012-2013 report of Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing, U.S. nursing schools turned away 78,089 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2013 due to an insufficient number of faculty, clinical sites, classroom space, clinical preceptors, and budget constraints (http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/facultyshortageFS.pdfLinks to an external site.).

The Lienhard School of Nursing leadership at Pace University chose to address the challenges of the faculty shortage as they directly affect our institution, in a number of creative ways, moving through different models over time, while endeavoring to continue to provide a quality education for our growing population of undergraduate and graduate students. We believe, however, that the ideas are transferrable to other nursing programs and universities as a whole. The school is situated in a medium-sized private multicampus institution. The nursing program itself is located on the two main campuses, which are 40 miles apart. Faculty is assigned to a home campus; however, faculty is expected to, and many do, travel between campuses to teach courses within their specialty areas. Extensive videoconferencing helps to bridge the two campuses for many meetings; however, courses are for the most part delivered within a single location.

During the period from 1998 to 2004, our enrollments plummeted because of a confluence of the following factors: closure of our associate degree program in 1997 (with about 250 students enrolled), layoffs and downsizing of nursing staff in local hospitals and medical centers as a result of changes in reimbursement systems, and an ensuing precipitous fall in traditional undergraduate enrollment as one response to questioning job security in nursing, mirroring the national decline. Shortly after closure of the associate degree program, a retirement incentive program at the university yielded a retirement of eight faculty members in nursing, and another four faculty members left for various reasons, all in the same calendar year. The smaller faculty body turned out to be a temporarily good fit to accommodate the smaller enrollments and helped keep us financially stable.”(Feldman, H.R., Greenberg, M.J., Jaffe-Ruiz, M., Kaufman, S.R., Cignarale,S., 2015)

Feldman, H.R., Greenberg, M.J., Jaffe-Ruiz, M., Kaufman, S.R., Cignarale,S.(2015)Hitting the nursing faculty shortage head on:strategiesmto recruit, retain, and develop nursing faculty.Journal of Professional Nursing V 31