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NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

Walden University NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

The introduction for the Walden University NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

Introduction

¡Addiction is a complex disorder

¡ Uncontrolled use of a substance

¡Rx- pharmacotherapy & psychotherapy

¡The presentation will analyze an article on addiction treatment

¡Target population & intervention

¡Study findings & limitations

Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by uncontrolled use of a substance in spite of harmful consequences.

NRNP 6645 Assignment Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders
NRNP 6645 Assignment Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

Various treatment approaches are available to treat addiction disorders, including Detoxification, Therapeutic communities, Outpatient medication management and psychotherapy, Intensive outpatient programs, Residential treatment, Mutual-aid group, and Self-help groups that have family members (Kalin, 2020).

This presentation will analyze an article that discusses a therapeutic approach for treating patients with an addictive disorder, including target population, intervention used, study findings, and limitations.

Article Overview

¡E-cigarettes vs. NRT in nicotine addiction

¡The study examined 1-year efficacy

¡Limited evidence on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes vs.NRT

¡Two-group, pragmatic, multicentre RCT

NRNP 6645 Assignment Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders
NRNP 6645 Assignment Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

¡Randomization of 886 participants

¡Primary outcome- sustained abstinence for 1-year

¡E-cigarettes vs. NRT in nicotine addiction

¡The study examined 1-year efficacy

¡Limited evidence on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes vs.NRT

¡Two-group, pragmatic, multicentre RCT

¡Randomization of 886 participants

¡Primary outcome- sustained abstinence for 1-year

Hajek et al. (2019) examined the 1-year efficacy of refillable e-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) when given to adults seeking help on smoking cessation and combined with face-to-face behavioral support. The study was informed by the limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of e-cigarettes compared with that of nicotine products approved for the treatment of smoking cessation. The researchers conducted a two-group, pragmatic, multicenter, individually randomized, controlled trial (RCT). The study randomized 886 participants (Hajek et al., 2019). Randomization occurred on the cessation date to limit differential dropout. The primary outcome was sustained abstinence for one year, which was confirmed biochemically at the final visit.

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Population under Consideration

¡Target- Adults seeking help on smoking cessation

¡Adult smokers were invited to the study

¡Criteria: Not pregnant/lactating

¡No strong preference for e-cigarettes or NRT

¡Currently not using e-cigarettes or NRT

The study’s target population was adults seeking help on smoking cessation. The researchers invited adult smokers to participate in the study if they were not pregnant or lactating, had no strong preference to use or not to use nicotine replacement or e-cigarettes, and were currently not using either NRT or e-cigarettes (Hajek et al., 2019).

Specific Intervention Used

¡NRT group selected preferred product

¡Used patch+ short-acting oral product for 3 months

¡E-Cigarette Group- given a starter pack +30-ml e-liquid

¡Taught on using refillable e-cigarette products

¡Weekly behavioral support for both

¡Both interventions have previously been studied

Participants were randomly assigned to either a Nicotine-Replacement Group or an E-Cigarette Group. Participants in the Nicotine-Replacement Group were educated on nicotine-replacement products, such as patch, lozenge, gum, nasal spray, inhalator, mouth spray, mouth strip, and micro tabs, and chose their preferred product. Use of combined products was encouraged, mostly the patch and a short-acting oral product (Hajek et al., 2019). They were also free to switch products. The nicotine replacement supplies were provided for up to 3 months.

Participants in the E-Cigarette Group were provided a starter pack (One Kit) to encourage the initial use and teach them how to use refillable e-cigarette products. They were also given one 30-ml bottle of e-liquid containing nicotine at 18 mg per milliliter (Hajek et al., 2019).

Treatment entailed weekly behavioral support for at least four weeks for both groups.

The E-cigarette and Nicotine replacement interventions have previously been studied, but there is limited evidence comparing their effectiveness.

Author’s Claims

¡The study would show a stronger effect of e-cigarettes than previous trials

¡Previous trials provided limited or no face-to-face support

¡Previous trials used 1st generation cartridge products

¡Refillable devices are more efficient at nicotine delivery

The authors claimed that the RCT study would show a stronger effect of e-cigarettes than previous trials. This is because they included smokers seeking help in quitting, provided face-to-face support, and used refillable e-cigarettes with free choice of e-liquids (Hajek et al., 2019). They also asserted that previous trials provided limited or no face-to-face support and used first-generation cartridge products.

Besides, they argued that refillable devices are generally more efficient at nicotine delivery.

Study Findings/Outcomes

¡E-cigarettes were more effective

¡High rate of continuing e-cigarette

¡The E-cigarette group was more likely to decrease smoking

¡E-cigarettes- throat/mouth irritation; NRT- nausea

¡The study will translate in managing nicotine addiction patients

¡Recommend e-cigarettes for successful outcomes

E-cigarettes were more effective in promoting smoking cessation than NRT. The rate of continuing e-cigarette use was relatively high. Among participants in the trial in whom full abstinence was not met, those in the e-cigarette group were more likely to decrease their smoke intake than those in the NRT group (Hajek et al., 2019). E-cigarettes were associated with more throat and mouth irritation, while NRT caused more nausea. More subjects in the e-cigarette group than in the NRT group reported respiratory adverse events.

The study findings will translate into my practice when managing clients with nicotine addiction, aiming at quitting tobacco use. I can recommend e-cigarettes to these patients to promote more successful outcomes.

Impact of Limitations in Using the Findings

¡Product assignments could not be blinded

¡Lack of blinding could affect the results

¡CO validation detects only over the past 24 hours

¡Limitations will not affect the use of findings

¡NRT interventions were provided under expert guidance

Limitations in the study include: Product assignments could not be blinded, affecting the results. Positive expectations partially affect long-term abstinence, but if NRT was viewed as an inferior option, participants in the NRT group could have put less effort into their cessation attempt than those in the e-cigarette group (Hajek et al., 2019). Validation of carbon monoxide detects smoking only over the past 24 hours, and therefore there may have been some false-negative results. The study’s limitations will not affect my ability to use the findings because the NRT interventions were provided under expert guidance.

Conclusion

¡The article compared the effectiveness of E-cigarettes vs.NRT

¡E-cigarettes had better ratings than NRT

¡Primary outcome- smoking abstinence for 1 year

¡Participants were offered face-to-face support

¡Established that E-cigarettes are more effective

¡Intervention can be applied in patients with nicotine addiction

References

Hajek, P., Phillips-Waller, A., Przulj, D., Pesola, F., Myers Smith, K., Bisal, N., … & McRobbie, H. J. (2019). A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. New England Journal of Medicine380(7), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779

Kalin, N. H. (2020). Substance Use Disorders and Addiction: Mechanisms, Trends, and Treatment Implications. American Journal of Psychiatry177(11), 1015-1018. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20091382

Sample Answer 2 for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

Introduction

Gambling disorder (GD) is the only addictive disorder included in DSM-5 as a diagnosable condition. It manifests with repeated problem-gambling behavior, which causes problems for the individual (Potenza, 2023). Individuals have difficulties controlling their gambling. GD is associated with severe psychological, social, and economic consequences (Solé-Morata et al., 2023). This presentation will analyze a research article that examines a psychotherapy approach for managing clients, families, or groups with GD.

Article Overview

Mide et al. (2023) examined the effectiveness of Internet-delivered Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with therapist guidance and compared it to an active control treatment for gambling disorder. The study employed a parallel group randomized controlled trial (RCT). The researchers used a single-blinded design and randomized 71 treatment-seeking gamblers (18–75 years) diagnosed with gambling disorder to 8 weeks of Internet-delivered CBT guided by telephone support or 8 weeks of Internet-delivered motivational enhancement paired with motivational interviewing via telephone (IMI).

Population under Consideration

The target population for this study was persons with a gambling disorder.

Eligible participants for this study included every person seeking treatment for gambling problems at the Clinic for Gambling Addiction and Screen Health. A person could be a referral or self-referral, with a first visit at the clinic between May 2019 and November 2022.

Participants had to have access to the Internet and a device to interact with the treatment, like a computer, smartphone, or tablet.

Specific Intervention Used

The interventions used in the study were Internet-delivered CBT guided by telephone support and Internet-delivered motivational enhancement paired with motivational interviewing via telephone (IMI).

Each intervention comprised eight modules implemented over 8 weeks. The participants received a new module every week. In both interventions, the participants received telephone support from their therapist once a week for a maximum of 15 minutes. When a new module was started, they received a short text message reminding them of the new module.

The CBT treatment modules comprised psychoeducation, motivational exercises, reflecting on reasons for gambling, exercises involving significant others in the treatment, working on economic problems, making plans to handle risk situations, and other general CBT interventions.

IMI had considerably shorter modules, which did not have any CBT techniques. The modules mainly focused on general psychoeducation. It also included motivational exercises obtained from an MI framework, which reflected on the advantages and disadvantages of changing one’s gambling behavior and exploring important values in one’s life.

Author’s Claims

Primary hypothesis: The ICBT treatment would prove significantly more effective at reducing symptoms of Gambling disorder than the control treatment.

Secondary hypothesis: The ICBT treatment would be more effective at reducing other gambling-related outcomes of amount of money bet/week and time spent gambling/week, alleviating co-occurring symptoms of depression and anxiety, alleviating gambling-related cognitive distortions, and increasing self-rated quality of life.

Study Findings/Outcomes

At post-treatment and 6-month follow-up, there were no differences between the CBT and IMI groups for any outcome measure.

In the post-treatment, there were no clinical gambling symptoms in either group.

No difference was seen between the treatment groups on the amount of money bet and time spent gambling post-treatment or at follow-up.

No significant group differences were found in depressive and anxiety symptoms, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and quality of life.

Some deterioration was identified between post-treatment and 6-month follow-up on gambling symptoms, depression, and anxiety.

The largest decrease in gambling symptoms was between the first assessment and baseline.


Translating the Intervention into Practice

Both CBT and IMI were found to be highly credible. The therapeutic alliance was scored highly in both groups, and the mean numbers of completed modules were also high, with no difference found between the groups.

These outcomes will translate into practice with my clients since I have identified the psychotherapy interventions established as effective in addressing GD. I may implement online psychotherapy treatments, which have been identified as useful for gambling disorder (Milic et al., 2022). The study has provided evidence that therapy with therapist guidance has better outcomes than unguided treatments. Thus, I will strive to provide guided treatments when dealing with patients with gambling disorders to achieve better outcomes.

Impact of Limitations in Using the Findings

The main limitation of this study was that the researchers made faulty assumptions about the possible between-group differences and likely baseline scores.

The second limitation was that the study used no inclusion criteria regarding the degree of gambling symptoms when starting the treatment. This led to many participants having minor to no symptoms pre-treatment.

The limitations will not impact my ability to apply the study findings since the study establishes that both CBT and IMI are effective in lowering symptoms of gambling disorder.

References

Mide, M., Mattiasson, J., Norlin, D., Sehlin, H., Rasmusson, J., Ljung, S., Lindskog, A., Petersson, J., Saavedra, F., & Gordh, A. S. (2023). Internet-delivered therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in psychiatry14, 1243826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243826

Milic, J., Lohan, A., Petch, J., Turner, W., & Casey, L. (2022). The Effectiveness of a Motivational Interviewing Treatment for Help-Seeking Problem Gamblers in a Community Organization. Journal of Gambling Studies38(2), 607–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10045-y

Potenza, M. N. (2023). Online Behavioral Addictions in 2023: An Overview and Current Considerations. European Psychiatry66(Suppl 1), S37. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.140

Solé-Morata, N., Baenas, I., Etxandi, M., Granero, R., Gené, M., Barrot, C., Gómez-Peña, M., Moragas, L., Ramoz, N., Gorwood, P., Fernández-Aranda, F., & Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2023). Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Gambling Disorder Severity: A Pathway Analysis Considering Genetic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Variables. Nutrients15(2), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020418

Sample Answer 3 for NRNP 6645 Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders

INTRODUCTION

Among the conditions that have been shown to cause complexities in people’s daily lives is addiction. Various types of addiction, but the underlying theme is that they result into negative health outcomes for the affected individuals. In addition, in some cases, these addictive orders come with other mental health complications that the patient has to deal if they are to have better health outcomes. Despite the evident adverse effects, there is still a debate which started from earlier days concerning the treatment choice for this group of patients. While some regard addiction as a choice, it is important to understand that when an individual displays addictive behavior, it means that it is disease manifestation. It is common knowledge that addiction is one of the most difficult things to move away from. As such, an adequate treatment requires a coordination of the health care professionals and bringing on board the affected individual. Among the options for management is psychotherapy.

ARTICLE OVERVIEW

As earlier indicated, among the strategies used in managing patients with addictive disorders is through the use psychotherapy. One of the recently published articles on the use of psychotherapy techniques for patients with addictive disorders is the article by Epstein et al, entitled “A randomized trial of female-specific cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol dependent women”. The population discussed in this research is very specific; females who have alcohol addiction disorder and dependent on alcohol use. From the description by the researchers, the participating females were recruited through the use of community outreach, advertisements and media articles. The participants had to be at least eighteen years old be in a heterosexual relationship. In addition, the qualifying participants must have consumed alcohol in the thirty days before the screening would be done. Gross cognitive impairment and dependence on other drugs such nicotine or marijuana, or having experience psychotic symptoms in the past six months were some of the exclusion criteria.

THE INTERVENTION 

As a form of psychotherapy, the researcher employed cognitive behavioral therapy. They aimed at evaluating the impacts of the two types of cognitive behavioral therapy; the gender neutral cognitive behavioral therapy and female specific cognitive behavioral therapy with the main target of triggering alcohol abstinence among the participants. Having randomly assigned the participants in either of the groups, each strategy was manual-guided with twelve session outpatient. Besides, there was an individual cognitive behavioral therapy offered individually for a period of sixteen weeks. While the first session took a total of ninety minutes, all other sessions went for an hour each. The psychotherapy for individuals in the gender neutral intervention included relapse prevention, motivational enhancement therapy and core cognitive behavioral therapy components. A collaborative therapist style was applied in delivering all the components. While the female specific strategy retained all the components of the gender neutral strategy, there were additional two female specific themes added.

The intervention used by these researcher in managing patient with alcohol use disorder is not new but has been used before. The only difference is that the current study modified the intervention to include female themes and make it be more specific to the patient population. It is worth noting that this is the first study that involved a comparison of the efficacy of the female-specific and gender neutral cognitive behavioral therapies as an intervention among alcohol dependent patients. Previously, Greenfield et al had applied a women specific strategy and a mixed gender group counseling. While there was no observed differences in treatment condition, there was a superior drinking outcome among the women showing the efficacy of the cognitive behavioral therapy. The current intervention employed by these researchers are a modification of what they had previously used. They retained all the components of the previous intervention and added some female-centric themes and components.

AUTHOR’S CLAIMS

This research work done by Epstein et al has various claims. One of the most evident claims is that this work was the first research effort to have directly compared the efficacy of gender specific cognitive behavioral therapy and gender neutral cognitive behavioral therapy. They report that various studies have considered the strategies in isolation. Among the aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in efficacy of the two strategies when it comes to abstaining from alcohol use. The authors also claim that after analyzing their data, they found out that there was no significant difference in the alcohol drinking outcomes between the two strategies used. In efforts to try and explain some of the observations made in the study, the researcher also claim that the comparative study design did not adequately isolate the female specific adaptations, hence in real sense, the female specific intervention could result into more advantages and benefits.

STUDY FINDINGS

The researchers developed a female-specific cognitive behavioral therapy strategy. They hypothesised that the new protocol would be superior to the gender neutral strategy in managing alcohol use and drinking among women patients with alcohol use disorder. After a fifteen month study period, the researchers noted that there was no significant differences in the treatment engagements, motivation to change, self-efficacy for abstinence, alcohol-related copying and changes in drinking. They also found out that women in both treatment strategies were sufficiently engaged and were satisfied with the treatment they were getting. Hence they all reported substantial reduction in alcohol consumption and every other variable used in the study. However, no significant change was reported for the social support for abstinence. When a follow up was done after a year, the researchers noted that the women who were receiving the female specific intervention had increased percentage of those who were abstaining.

TRANSLATION OF THE FINDINGS TO PRACTICE

In most cases, irrespective of the strategy chosen to address alcohol use and addiction among population, the ultimate goal is abstinence. Therefore, the findings reported by Epstein et al is significant. They were able to show that the use of female-specific cognitive behavioral therapy techniques can result into more positive outcomes regarding alcohol abstinence as compared to a general protocol. Therefore, there is an evidence here that using such a tailor-made strategy is beneficial. The findings are therefore translatable to my practice area where we seek to help various populations deal with a range of addictions. As such, the protocol developed by these researchers can be key in coming up with various effective psychotherapy techniques for helping patients. In addition, the results also support the idea that using population specific psychotherapy intervention can be beneficial and may lead to better results and a long term effect of higher rates of abstinence.

IMPACTS OF STUDY LIMITATIONS

Studies usually have various limitations or shortcomings that may to a varied degree affect the utilization of their findings. This research output is no exception since it has various limitations that cannot be overlooked. First, the researchers only recruited married women or those in committed relationships, it would be interesting to see findings obtained among general female population. The study also involve women of Caucasian origin only, with attempts to recruit other from different background failing. These weaknesses bring a problem of lack of generalizability hence, it will definitely affect my ability to use the study findings. The study’s findings did also not give a substantial difference between the two strategies, a limitation which the authors associate with the approach used. In general, I would be more careful if I have to use the results in my practice as i will have to deal with a wide range of individual characteristics such as sex and race

REFFERENCES

Epstein, E. E., McCrady, B. S., Hallgren, K. A., Cook, S., Jensen, N. K., & Hildebrandt, T. (2018). A randomized trial of female-specific cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol dependent women. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors32(1), 1.

Greenfield, S. F., Sugarman, D. E., Freid, C. M., Bailey, G. L., Crisafulli, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., … & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2014). Group therapy for women with substance use disorders: Results from the Women’s Recovery Group Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence142, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.035

Lacey, R. E., & Minnis, H. (2020). Practitioner review: twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores–advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry61(2), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13135