NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

Grand Canyon University NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved-Step-By-Step Guide

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How to Research and Prepare for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

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After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mr. C.\’s potential diagnosis and intervention(s). Include the following:

Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mr. C.
Describe the potential health risks for obesity that are of concern for Mr. C. Discuss whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention.
Assess each of Mr. C.\’s functional health patterns using the information given. Discuss at least five actual or potential problems can you identify from the functional health patterns and provide the rationale for each. (Functional health patterns include health-perception, NRS 410V Case Study Mr C Solved, nutritional, metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive-perceptual, self-perception/self-concept, role-relationship, sexuality/reproductive, coping-stress tolerance.)
Explain the staging of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and contributing factors to consider.
Consider ESRD prevention and health promotion opportunities. Describe what type of patient education should be provided to Mr. C. for prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status.

Explain the type of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care and the type of multidisciplinary approach that would be beneficial for these patients. Consider aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues.

Sample Answer for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

Introduction

Understanding the pathophysiology of different disease processes enables the registered nurse to understand the clinical manifestations and treatment approaches. The presented case scenario presents an obese man who seeks more information about bariatric surgery as a treatment approach for obesity. In this paper, I will review his clinical manifestations, assess him using the functional health patterns, explain the staging of end-stage renal disease, discuss health promotion and prevention of ESRD, and identify various nonacute resources and multidisciplinary approach strategies from which ESRD patients can sap limitless benefits.

Clinical Manifestations

Mr. C is a 32-year-old male client who has been obese since childhood, gaining about 100 pounds within 2-3 years. Currently, he is working at a catalog phone center. He has visited the hospital to enquire more details about possible bariatric surgery due to his obesity. Over the last six months, Mr. C has experienced pruritus, swollen ankles, and increased shortness of breath when carrying out physical activities. Previous medical evaluations have not revealed any metabolic diseases. However, he reports that he has high blood pressure and sleep apnea. He restricts his dietary sodium intake to control the two conditions.

On physical assessment, Mr. C has pitting bilateral edema (3+) on the ankles and feet, blood pressure of 172/98 mmHg, total cholesterol levels of 250 mg/dl, and fasting blood sugar levels of 146mg/dl. His serum creatinine levels are at 1.8mg/dl, triglycerides at 312 mg/dl, high density lipoproteins at 30 mg/dl, and he weighs 134.5 kgs.

Potential Health Risks for Obesity

Obesity is a global health issue associated with several comorbidities. Genetics and behaviors such as dietary patterns, medication use, physical inactivity lead to obesity. Obesity is associated with reduced quality of life, poor mental health outcomes and is the leading cause of deaths globally and in the United States (CDC, 2021). Fruh (2017) asserts that obese individuals have a significant risk for developing several comorbid conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea and other respiratory conditions, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, muscular and joint disorders, and psychological and mental health issues. Mr. C has a risk of developing the stated conditions.

Mr. C has a history of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (172/98 mmHg). Additionally, he is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, more prevalent in hypertensive and obese patients. He has an elevated blood sugar level (146mg/dl) against the normal values, which should not exceed 108 mg/dl (Mathew & Tadi, 2020). Besides, he has elevated cholesterol levels reflected in the high triglycerides and HDL levels, increasing patients’ risk of developing insulin resistance (Fruh, 2017). Obesity also causes obstructive sleep apnea and respiratory problems (Safaei et al., 2021). Mr. C has increased shortness of breath with physical activities and sleep apnea. Obesity reduces chest wall compliance, decreasing the functional residue capacity and total lung compliance (Fruh, 2017). Besides, obesity leads to cardiac failure, evidenced by bilateral pitting edema in the ankles and feet (3+) and dyspnea on exertion. Furthermore, hypertension and diabetes are significant health risk factors for kidney failure. This is reflected in Mr. C’s elevated BUN and serum creatinine levels.

Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery is intended to accomplish weight loss in severely obese patients. The surgery promotes weight loss, improves the quality of life, and improves comorbidities related to obesity (Kang & Le, 2017). Requirements for the surgery include a BMI above 40 or a BMI above 35 with at least one comorbid condition, either type 2 diabetes, hypertension, GERD, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, or hyperlipidemia (Kizy et al., 2017). A patient must also give informed consent. Bariatric surgery is appropriate for Mr. C, who has a BMI of 46.4 and comorbid conditions such as hyperlipidemia, elevated blood sugar levels, sleep apnea, and hypertension. The surgery may help improve his overall health condition.

Functional Health Patterns

Activity-exercise pattern

Mr. C has increased dyspnea on exertion. This is associated with reduced chest wall compliance, total lung compliance, and functional residue capacity (Fruh, 2017).

Sleep-rest apnea

The client has sleep apnea which interrupts his sleep and resting patterns. Sleep apnea in obese patients occurs from the deposition of excess fat in the upper respiratory tract, narrowing the airways (Jehan et al., 2017).

Elimination pattern

Mr. C is at risk of impaired excretion following renal failure. The elevated BUN and creatinine levels reflect impaired kidney function, following complications of high blood pressure and blood sugar levels. If not corrected, it can progress to end-stage renal disease, depriving the patient of his renal excretory capabilities.

Coping-stress tolerance pattern

Mr. C is at risk of psychological issues such as stress due to his health conditions. Obesity and comorbidities reduce the quality of life (Safaei et al., 2021), which causes psychological burdens. Additionally, the client is single, indicating a potential lack of sufficient support systems by a spouse.

Health perception-health management pattern

Mr. C perceives his condition as severe and affecting his ability to function. He believes that taking action, in this case, bariatric surgery, will improve his health outcome. He believes that taking action will make a difference. This is reflected by him going to the hospital to inquire about bariatric surgery.

Staging of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

ESRD is the result of longstanding kidney conditions. Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating condition, and its progression to the terminal state (ESRD) is a significant source of premature mortality and reduced life quality. CKD is classified into five stages depending on the level of the glomerular filtration rate (Benjamin & Lappin, 2021). These are stage 1 in which the kidneys are damaged but with a normal GFR above 90 ml/min, stage 2 with a mild reduction in GFR between 60-89 ml/min, and stage 3a and 3b with a moderate decrease in GFR between 40-59 ml/min and 30-44 ml/min, respectively. In stage 4, patients have a severe reduction in GFR ranging between 15-29 ml/min. Lastly, stage 5 renal failure is characterized by GFR below 15 ml/min.

Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of renal failure (Clements et al., 2020). Other causes of CKD include heart disease, hypertension, vascular disease, and certain medications. Mr. C’s health state puts him at significant risks of these conditions, which are strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of ESRD.

ESRD Health Promotion and Prevention Strategies

Mr. C is at significant risk of deteriorating kidney function, which may ultimately result in ESRD. Therefore, patient education on health promotion and prevention strategy is vital in managing Mr. C. Patient education improves outcomes and reduces the patients’ concerns. Strategies for promoting healthy kidneys for Mr. C include losing weight, taking medications (blood pressure and diabetes drugs) as instructed, reducing salt intake, taking more fruits and vegetables, and staying in the targeted cholesterol level (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). The education strategies will enable Mr. C to be more actively involved in managing his health condition to prevent ESRD.

Resources for ESRD Patients and Multidisciplinary Approach

ESRD is a substantial health burden associated with premature deaths, high hospital costs, and increased hospitalization rates. An interdisciplinary team approach to care promotes effective care, which improves outcomes (Fluck & Taal, 2018). The multidisciplinary team should include a nephrologist, advanced practitioner, pharmacists, dietician, palliative care personnel, general surgery, and a transplant team. Each member plays a unique role that promotes the safety and quality of life for patients with ESRD.

Nonacute care is meant for patients who suffer from chronic conditions to promote their quality of life, prevent complications and death. Baker and Fatoye (2019) observe that several community-based resources assist patients requiring critical care and those managing long-term illnesses. These include funds, personnel, appropriate medical equipment, education, and facilities. The patient also benefits from dialysis and transport services. These enable patients to access high-quality care that promotes their well-being and satisfaction, improving their holistic quality of life.

Conclusion

Mr. C is obese with a BMI of 46.4. He has other comorbid conditions related to obesity. He seeks more information about bariatric surgery, which will be appropriate as a weight reduction strategy. Mr. C has elevated blood pressure and blood sugar levels, associated with kidney disease reflected in the patient’s altered lab values. Patients with renal failure, including ESRD, benefit from various resources. These include health education, health facilities, medication, dietary modifications, and physical activities. A multidisciplinary approach in managing patients with ESRD promotes effective and safe care, improving clinical outcomes.

References

Baker, E., & Fatoye, F. (2019). Patient perceived impact of nurse-led self-management interventions for COPD: A systematic review of qualitative research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 91, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.12.004

Benjamin, O., & Lappin, S. L. (2021). End-Stage Renal Disease. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499861/

CDC. (2021). Adult Obesity Causes & Consequences. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Chronic Kidney Disease Initiative: Prevention & Risk Management. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/prevention-risk.html

Clements, J. M., Rosca, M., Cavallin, C., Falkenhagen, S., Ittoop, T., Jung, C. K., Mazzella, M., Reed, J. A., Schluentz, M., & VanDyke, C. (2020). Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Conditions Disparities in Medicare Beneficiaries in the State of Michigan. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 359(4), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.01.013

Fluck, R. J., & Taal, M. W. (2018). What is the value of multidisciplinary care for chronic kidney disease? PLOS Medicine, 15(3), e1002533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002533

Fruh, S. M. (2017). Obesity: Risk factors, complications, and strategies for sustainable long-term weight management. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(1), S3–S14. https://doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12510

Jehan, S., Zizi, F., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Wall, S., Auguste, E., Myers, A. K., Jean-Louis, G., & McFarlane, S. I. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity: Implications for Public Health. Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal, 1(4), 00019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836788/#:~:text=In%20obese%20people%2C%20fat%20deposits

Kang, J. H., & Le, Q. A. (2017). Effectiveness of bariatric surgical procedures. Medicine, 96(46), e8632. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000008632

Kizy, S., Jahansouz, C., Wirth, K., Ikramuddin, S., & Leslie, D. (2017). Bariatric Surgery: A Perspective for Primary Care. Diabetes Spectrum, 30(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds17-0034

Mathew, T., & Tadi, P. (2020). Blood Glucose Monitoring. StatPearls. https://www.statpearls.com/ArticleLibrary/viewarticle/18394

Safaei, M., Sundararajan, E. A., Driss, M., Boulila, W., & Shapi’i, A. (2021). A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 136, 104754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104754

Sample Answer for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

Health problems such as obesity have immense health impacts on the affected populations. Nurses and other healthcare providers utilize patient-centered evidence-based interventions that enable patients to overcome obesity and its associated complications. Therefore, this paper explores a case study involving an obese patient. It explores health risks, prevention, health issues, and resources available for the patient.

Subjective and Objective Clinical Manifestations

Subjective clinical manifestations refer to the patient’s information about experience with a health problem. The subjective clinical manifestations in the case study include being always heavy even when he was a child, gaining about 100 pounds in the last 2-3 years, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, swollen ankles, shortness of breath with activity, and pruritus over the last six months. Objective clinical manifestations refer to the data that healthcare providers obtain during patient assessment. The objective clinical manifestations in the case study include obesity, hypertension, 3+ pitting edema on ankles and bilateral feet, hyperglycemia, hypercholesteremia, elevated triglyceride levels, and serum creatinine and BUN.

Health Risks

Mr. C is increasingly predisposed to health risks for obesity. One of them is diabetes. The client’s fasting blood sugar level is elevated, translating into either hm being diabetic or prediabetic. The other risk identified from the objective data is hypertension. The patient currently has elevated blood pressure. Obesity causes the deposition of fats in the arteries and other small blood vessels, which increase the risk of other cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis (Cercato & Fonseca, 2019). Mr. C is also at a high risk of developing stroke as a complication of cardiovascular events such as hypertension. The patient is also at a risk of kidney failure. His serum BUN and creatine levels are currently elevated, which imply that he has reduced renal functions (Stahl & Malhotra, 2022). The additional health risks that Mr. C is predisposed include obstructive sleep apnea and non-alcohol fatty liver disease.

Bariatric surgery is appropriate for Mr. C. Accordingly, obese patients with commodities are the ideal candidates for bariatric surgery. In addition, patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or above without any medical problems and no excessive risk of bariatric surgery are also ideal candidates for the procedure. The other conditions that influence if a patient can undergo bariatric surgery include the presence of other conditions such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, severe urinary incontinence, venous stasis disease, and impaired quality of life would qualify to undergo bariatric surgery (Stahl & Malhotra, 2022). Mr. C meets most of these conditions, hence, bariatric surgery is ideal for him.

Functional Health Patterns

Mr. C has actual and potential health problems that should be prioritized in the nursing care plan. One of the actual health problems is activity intolerance related to excessive body weight gain as evidenced by his shortness of breath with activity. The implication is that his quality of life is lowered since he cannot engage independently in most activities of daily living such as exercising. The second actual health problem is impaired blood glucose control as evidenced by elevated blood glucose level. The elevated blood glucose levels predispose the patient to complications such as renal disease, hypoglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. The third actual health problem from functional health patterns is impaired renal function as evidenced by elevated BUN and creatinine levels. The impairment could be attributed to hypertension and diabetes, which are due to obesity. This makes it necessary to implement interventions that aim at preserving optimum renal functioning. The fourth actual health problem is impaired cardiac function as evidenced by elevated blood pressure and other markers such as triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Interventions that ensure optimum cardiac functioning should be adopted (Blüher, 2020). The last actual problem is altered sleep pattern as evidenced by the patient reporting obstructive sleep apnea. Cumulatively, these health problems affect Mr. C’s health and wellbeing.

Stages of Renal Disease

Renal disease occurs in stages that ultimately results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The first stage, stage 1 is characterized by glomerular filtration rate of above 90. This stage is asymptomatic but the kidneys may not be functioning optimally as expected. Stage 2 is characterized by glomerular filtration rate of 60-89. This stage is also asymptomatic and often diagnosed when patients come to the hospital for other health problems such as diabetes and hypertension. Stage 3 is characterized by glomerular filtration rate of 30-59. Patients experience symptoms such as fluid retention, fatigue, and alterations in urinary patterns. Stage 4 is when glomerular filtration rate is severe and ranges between 15 and 29. The symptoms experienced in this stage include vomiting, nausea, edema of the extremities, and impaired cognitive function. A glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 is the fifth stage of kidney failure, also known as ESRD (Ammirati, 2020). The factors that contributed to Mr. C developing ESRD include obesity, hypercholesteremia, elevated triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes.

ESRD Prevention and Health Promotion Opportunities

The health education offered to Mr. C on ESRD prevention should focus on several aspects. One of them is the need for weight loss. Weight loss should be a priority to reverse additional complications such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. The other aspect of health education that should be of focus is dietary modification. Mr. C she be educated about the importance of avoiding diets rich in sodium. Sodium increases fluid retention, worsening the complications of renal disease and cardiac system. The other aspect of health education is avoiding over the counter medications. Over the counter medications such as acetaminophen are nephrotoxic. As a result, the patient should be educated on the importance of avoiding any medications that may damage the kidneys further. Mr. C should also be educated about the importance of maintaining active physical activity. Accordingly, physical activity should be encouraged, as it promotes weight loss, cardiac functioning, and glycemic control (Gonsalez et al., 2019; Lv & Zhang, 2019). Lastly, Mr. C should avoid alcohol intake or abuse of any substance, which may alter the normal kidney functioning.

Resources for ESRD Patients

Patients with ESRD have access to a wide range of resources they can utilize for their health. They include social support groups, hospice care, home health, and clinical toolkits that have been developed to guide clinicians in providing the care that the affected patients need. The other resource is the ESRD networks that help patients to access their needed services such as dialysis and kidney transplant services.

Conclusion

This paper has explored Mr. C’s case study. It has examined his clinical manifestations and health risks associated with obesity. The paper has also explored the prevention strategies for ESRD and its stages as well as resources available for the patient. Mr. C should implement interventions that minimize the risk of obesity complications. Nurses should also link him with the available community resources.

References

Ammirati, A. L. (2020). Chronic Kidney Disease. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira, 66, s03–s09. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.S1.3

Blüher, M. (2020). Metabolically Healthy Obesity. Endocrine Reviews, 41(3), bnaa004. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa004

Cercato, C., & Fonseca, F. A. (2019). Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 11(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0

Gonsalez, S. R., Cortês, A. L., Silva, R. C. da, Lowe, J., Prieto, M. C., & Silva Lara, L. da. (2019). Acute kidney injury overview: From basic findings to new prevention and therapy strategies. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 200, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.001

Lv, J.-C., & Zhang, L.-X. (2019). Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. In B.-C. Liu, H.-Y. Lan, & L.-L. Lv (Eds.), Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies (pp. 3–15). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1

Stahl, J. M., & Malhotra, S. (2022). Obesity Surgery Indications And Contraindications. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513285/

Sample Answer 3 for NRS-410V Case Study: Mr. C. Solved

Elimination Complexities

Identification of the disease affecting a patient starts from recording objective data and determining the patient’s history (Suer & Sehgal, 2021). The identification process would allow a physician to develop a medical intervention based on the signs and symptoms presented by the patient. The objective data aids in revealing infections in a patient . This paper analyzes the clinical manifestation of Mr. C to examine what he is ailing from and the required measures of treatment.

Clinical Manifestation of Mr. C

The objective data on the patients shows that Mr. C suffers from obesity and is likely to have type 2 diabetes and heart malfunction. The reason behind this projection comes from the BMI of the patient. For instance, the data shows that MR. C weighs 134.5kg and has a height of 68 inches showing that he is obese and susceptible to type 2 diabetes. The blood pressure of the patient is 172/98 implying that he is suffering from uncontrolled hypertension. Despite Mr. C mentioning that he has been avoiding sodium in his diet, its effect has not been effective. The creatinine serum in the blood is 1.8, a BUN of 32, and a 3+ pitting edema bilateral feet and ankles. This sign shows that the patient might be suffering from chronic kidney disease. The cholesterol readings are 250, with the HDL at 30 and the triglycerides at 312. This information indicates the signs of hyperlipidemia on the patient. The history of the patient being heavy since childhood and increasing weight in the last 2-3 years makes him susceptible to depression and heart diseases.

Potential Health Risks and Bariatric Surgery

The increase in weight recorded by the patient is a health risk and should be one of the major concerns for the patient. Mr. C is certain that he is obese and has been experiencing breathing problems. Besides, the high blood pressure and sleep apnea evident on the patient data also increase the risk of diabetes. These signs imply that Mr. C has various potential health risks like chronic kidney failure, high blood pressure, cancer, sleep apnea, and cardiovascular infections. Studies have shown that Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective interventions to treat patients. It will be important in reducing weight and last for more than five years (American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, 2019).

The information given by Mr. C further shows that he has been gaining weight rapidly, which has resulted in breathing problems. The patient works in a catalog call center where the main duty is to sit and receive calls for better work. This work does not involve more physical activities. The primary work of the patient promotes obesity. Scholars define obesity as the accumulation and retention of body fat that would increase the physical weight of a person. Besides, these studies have further connected obesity to many health complications such as heart disease, kidney, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension (Lee et al.., 2019). These complications always culminate in death. Mr. C further said that he is unable to lose weight and have control of his pressure. These comments imply that Mr. C is not able to sustain a healthy life.

Functional Health Pattern

Bodyweight is one of the potential problems facing the patient. All the infections diagnosed on the patient rely on his obese nature. Mr. C does work that does not encourage physical exercise. Sitting all day while receiving and answering calls has a limited physical activity that can increase the body’s health status. The patient understands himself; he has a self-concept on the issues affecting him. For instance, he was certain that his body weight had increased in the last three years but did nothing to curb bodyweight (Mayo Clinic, 2019). Self-perception plays a significant role in compelling a person to undertake measures beneficial to them. However, in this case, Mr. C is reluctant about his condition and seems to take everything as normal. The health management measures taken by the patient are poor. The patients look at everything from a normal perspective without realizing that hos condition is tragic and would lead to death. The coping tolerance strategy of the patient is high (Lee et al.., 2019). He does not want to feel the stress of undergoing healthy eating and activities that would aid in correcting their conditions. These functional patterns seem to be worsening the condition of the patient each day.

Staging of End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Contributing Factors to Consider.

ESRD is an end-stage kidney disease that occurs when chronic kidney disease has gradually lost kidney functions to an advanced state. In this stage, the kidney of a patient cannot function as required to meet the body’s needs. The kidney filters end up wasting a lot of fluids from blood excreted as urine. ESRD comes with other infections on the patient, such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, inflammation of the kidney tubules, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, prolonged blockage of the urinary tract, and some cancers. Besides, ESRD further leads to vesicoureteral reflux, which is a condition that causes the urine to flow up into the kidney (Mayo Clinic, 2019).

The ESRD is irreversible, and in most cases, patients always go for a kidney transplant to discard the non-functioning kidneys with healthy kidneys. According to the condition of MR. C, there are various contributing factors to ESRD. The risk that the chronic kidney disease will be progressing to ESRD is evident from the patient (Mayo Clinic, 2019). Some of these conditions include the diseases that the patient is currently fighting. For instance, diabetes comes with poor blood sugar control, kidney disease that will affect glomeruli and the structure in the kidney that ais in blood filtration, high blood pressure, male, high cholesterol, and the age factor.

ESRD Prevention and Health Promotion Opportunities.

Studies have proved that ESRD is a significant health issue that needs effective control before it causes death. Its initial control starts from the management of the contributing factors to reduce its risk. Besides, it would be significant to develop an intervention program that promotes identifying and screening people with a high risk of ESRD. Adopting a lifestyle modification will also be imperative in enabling people to adopt a healthy living that reduces the chances of contracting ESRD (Mayo Clinic, 2019). Nurses need to have the skills meant to deal with ESRD patients. Dialysis and kidney transplant are some of the effective treatments used for kidney transplants.

Mr. C needs to understand how his condition is fatal, and taking things for granted would worsen the situation. A healthy diet is an activity that should be forming part of his practices towards recovery. Besides, the body needs exercise to burn excess fats and reduce the effects of the organs that would soon cease to function with reduced exercise. Undergoing dialysis procedures will also save the deteriorating renal status.

Types resources available for ESRD patients

ESRD patients have access to many resources, and they can receive care from groups and multidisciplinary methods. Besides, these patients can develop their relationship with physicians, nephrologists, emergency response teams, and nutritionists to aid them in fighting for ESRD (DaVita Kidney Care, 2019). Each of these professionals has a significant impact on the team and control of ESRD.

Conclusion

The case presented on Mr. C has elicited various health conditions that he has been facing and their origin. The life of Mr. depends on the health care advice and healthy living practice that would effectively manage weight and limit other chronic infections. Change in the lifestyle and adoption of treatment strategies would be effective in saving Mr. C

References

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (2019). Who is a Candidate for Bariatric Surgery? Retrieved from https://asmbs.org/patients/who-is-a-candidate-for-bariatric-surgery

DaVita Kidney Care. (2019). Kidney and Dialysis Resources. Retrieved from https://pressreleases.davita.com/2019-03-01-Empowering-the-Kidney-Care-Community-Kidney-Disease-Treatment-Options-to-Fit-Many-Lifestyles

Lee, P. C., Ganguly, S., Tan, H. C., Lim, C. H., Chan, W. H., Kovalik, J. P., … & Tham, K. W. (2019). Attitudes and perceptions of the general public on obesity and its treatment options in Singapore. Obesity research & clinical practice, 13(4), 404-407.

Mayo Clinic. (2019). Kidney Disease. Retrieved from -conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521.

Suer, M., & Sehgal, N. (2021). Physical Examination and Assessment. In Questions and Answers in Pain Medicine (pp. 27-32). Springer, Cham.

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Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
Include in-text citations in your response
Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
Follow APA-7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
Follow APA 7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
Here are some helpful links
Student paper example
Citing Sources
The Writing Center is a great resource