NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
Family Assessment Part II
Families have unique health needs that nurses should prioritize in providing their needed care. Nurses utilize models of health promotion and evidence-based interventions to optimize family health outcomes. Practice interventions such as inter-professional collaboration and incorporation of technology into the care process contribute to outcomes, including efficiency, quality, and safety in addressing family needs. Social determinants of health also influence the interventions by nurses in their roles when working with families. Therefore, this essay examines the social determinants of health for the interviewed family, age-appropriate screenings for family members, health model, and its application in promoting family-centered health promotion.
Social determinants of health affect the interviewed family. Social determinants of health have been defined as factors within environments where individuals are born, live, grow, work, and age. They affect the overall health, quality of life, functioning, and risks predisposed to individuals in their societies. The social determinants of health that affect the interviewed family include economic stability, access to quality healthcare, neighborhood, and built environment, and community and social context. The family’s economic stability is a critical determinant of its health. It influences the family’s ability to afford its needed care and healthy foods (Palmer et al., 2019). The parents in the interviewed family are employed. However, they find it hard to access their needed care due to the cost and geographical location of specialized services.
Access to quality healthcare is another family’s social determinant of health. Quality healthcare services are important in promoting optimum health and recovery of the family members. However, t
NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
he interviewed family experiences challenges in accessing its needed quality care. The family finds it difficult in accessing quality care for the grandfather due to challenges associated with cost and distant location of specialized services. The other social determinant of health is neighborhood and built environment. Environmental hygiene and well-planned built spaces contribute to the family’s health. They increase access to exercise spaces for the children and healthy diets for the family. The family lives in a moderately healthy environment, which minimizes its predisposition to environmental health hazards and risks. Community and social contexts also act as the family’s social determinants of health. Community resources such as social support systems contribute to the family’s health(Islam, 2019). The interviewed family has adequate support from the community members. As a result, it contributes to its coping with adversities and complex health needs.
Age-Appropriate Screenings
Screening is important for the early identification and management of health problems that include diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and changes in sensory functions among others. Each of the family members has age-appropriate screening that they should utilize for their health. The recommended screenings for the parents include blood pressure, breast, prostate, and colon cancer, eye tests, weight, cholesterol check, skin, and hearing tests. The screenings facilitate early detection of health problems such as hypertension, skin cancer, vision, hearing, and cancers. The age-appropriate screenings for the grandfather include mental status examination, bone density studies, height and weight, and shingles and pneumococcal vaccinations. The screenings facilitate early detection and management of health problems, including osteoporosis, mental health problems, and vulnerability to communicable diseases. The recommended screenings for the children include weight, height, eye, skin, breast, blood pressure(McKinnon, 2021).
Health Model
The health belief model can be used in creating a plan of action for the interviewed family. The model can be used to facilitate nurses’ understanding of the factors contributing to the health and influencing behavioral change in the family. The model asserts that individuals change their behaviors based on the perceived threats associated with a health problem. Additional factors such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, cue to action, and self-efficacy influence a family’s decision to change its behaviors. The health belief model is applicable for the family, as it provides it with accurate information about steps of implementing change(Saghafi-Asl et al., 2020). It also empowers the family members to adopt sustainable interventions for behavioral change.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The health belief model can be used to develop family-centered health promotion. One of the steps to achieve the outcome is performing a needs assessment to identify the health needs of the family. The second step is family health education. Health education empowers the family about effective strategies they can use to achieve their desired health outcomes. The third step entails guiding the family in implementing behavioral change interventions. The aim is to ensure consistency in the use of the interventions by the family members. The fourth step is data collection to determine the impact of behavioral change interventions(Grove & Gray, 2018). Evaluation is the last step where family assessment is done to determine its level of behavioral change.
Conclusion
Social determinants of health affect significantly the health of the family. Nurses have crucial roles in addressing them for the family’s optimum health. The health belief model appliesto promote behavioral change in the interviewed family. It can be used to promote sustainable behavioral change, which minimizes adverse health outcomes. Therefore, its use is anticipated to promote the health of the interviewed family.
References
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018).Understanding Nursing Research E-Book: Building an Evidence-Based Practice.Elsevier Health Sciences.
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications.Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
McKinnon, M. (2021).Health Promotion: A Practical Guide to Effective Communication.Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019).Social Determinants of Health: Future Directions for Health Disparities Research.American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S70–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.304964
Saghafi-Asl, M., Aliasgharzadeh, S., &Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. (2020).Factors influencing weight management behavior among college students: An application of the Health Belief Model.PLOS ONE, 15(2), e0228058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228058
Refer back to the interview and evaluation you conducted in the Topic 2 Family Health Assessment assignment. Identify the social determinates of health (SDOH) contributing to the family’s health status. In a 750-1,000 word paper, create a plan of action to incorporate health promotion strategies for this family. Include the following:
Describe the SDOH that affect the family health status. What is the impact of these SDOH on the family? Discuss why these factors are prevalent for this family.
Based on the information gathered through the family health assessment, recommend age-appropriate screenings for each family member. Provide support and rationale for your suggestions.
Choose a health model to assist in creating a plan of action. Describe the model selected. Discuss the reasons why this health model is the best choice for this family. Provide rationale for your reasoning.
Using the model, outline the steps for a family-centered health promotion. Include strategies for communication.
NRS 429 Topic 3 Assignment Family Assessment Part II
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Social determinants of health are factors within one’s family and community that affect their access to healthcare services. Arthur’s family was interviewed in the previous project. The assessment showed the existence of significant health-related needs for the family. Nurses and other healthcare providers should collaborate with the family in developing healthcare plans to transform their lifestyles and behaviors. Therefore, this paper examines the social determinants of health affecting Arthur’s family, age-appropriate screenings for the family members, and appropriate health model that can be used to develop a plan of care for the family.
Social Determinants of Health Affecting the Family
As noted above, social determinants of health are factors within one’s environment that influence their access to healthcare services. The factors include those in places where one was born, work, grew, aged, and died. The interview with Arthur’s family showed the existence of several social determinants of health affecting them. One of them is the lack of awareness about their health needs. Education is an important aspect in health that increase population’s awareness about health risks and how to avoid them. However, Arthur’s family is not aware of the health risks associated with sedentary lifestyles. The family members rarely engage in active physical activity despite being obese and Arthur suffering from hypertension (CDC, 2022). Arthur and his son consume high amount of high calorie foods, which increases their risk of health complications such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Therefore, their lack of awareness about the health risks of their lifestyles and behaviors is a crucial determinant of the family’s health.
The other social determinant of health seen in Arthur’s family is the affordability of healthcare services. Despite Arthur and his son suffering from hypertension and obesity respectively, they rarely visit the hospital for assessment and treatment. The family noted experiencing financial hardships, which makes it difficult for them to access and utilize the healthcare services that they need. The American healthcare system is among the most expensive in the world (Palmer et al., 2019). As a result, families from low socioeconomic backgrounds often experience challenges in affording the healthcare services they need for their health and wellbeing.
The other social determinant of health evidence from the family assessment is social and community contexts. Arthur’s family demonstrated the lack of adequate family support system during the assessment. This could be seen from the family members failing to provide their daughter her desired social support when she experienced a relationship failure. The family also does not discuss about issues related to sexuality and relationship due to the influence of their religious beliefs (Palmer et al., 2019). The wider social and community system also does not support healthy habits for its members. This can be seen from the easy access to fast foods for the family members and the lack of community systems to increase the population’s awareness about the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors (CDC, 2022). Therefore, Arthur’s family social and community contexts act as their social determinants of health.
Age-Appropriate Screenings
Arthur’s family members should utilize different age-appropriate screenings for their health promotion. The age-appropriate screenings for John Arthur include eye examinations, hearing tests, blood pressure screening, skin, dental, and testicular examinations. Age-appropriate screenings for Cate Arthur includes skin, dental, blood pressure, hearing, and eye examinations. The age-appropriate screenings for Chris Arthur includes eye, blood pressure, hearing, dental, and skin examinations. Mr. Arthur’s age-appropriate screenings include blood pressure, testicular, blood glucose, cholesterol, colonoscopy, and prostate screening tests. The age-appropriate screenings for Mrs. Arthur include ovarian cancer screening, mammography, bone density, cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, pelvic, and cervical cancer screenings (Fragala et al., 2019). These screenings are important for early detection and prevention of potential health problems that may affect the family members.
Health Model for the Family
A health model that can be adopted to assist in creating a plan of action for the Arthur’s family is the transtheoretical model. Transtheoretical model is a theory of change used to facilitate behavioral change among the target populations. It promotes long-term behavioral change through multiple adaptions and actions over time. The model postulates that people are in different stages of readiness to embrace healthy lifestyles and behaviors (Castrucci & Auerbach, 2019). As a result, the nurse should create awareness about the change and provide enabling factors for the process. The transtheoretical model asserts that change occurs in steps that include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. This model is appropriate for the family since it will promote sustained lifestyle and behavioral change among the family members (Pennington, 2021). Since change occurs in steps, it would be possible to implement strategies that will prevent family members from relapsing to their unhealthy habits.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The transtheoretical model provides several steps that must occur for the delivery of family-centered health promotion. The nurse should create awareness among the family members for the change in the precontemplation stage (Pennington, 2021). The family members should be made to understand the health risks associated with their behaviors and the need for a change. The nurse should facilitate them to develop interest in changing their behaviors in the contemplation stage. She should also help them to explore strategies that they need for their optimum health and wellbeing in the preparation stage (Liu et al., 2018). The nurse should then guide them in implementing new, healthy lifestyles and behaviors in the action phase. The focus is on ensuring incremental adoption of healthy lifestyles and behaviors and assisting the family members not to relapse to their unhealthy behaviors. The last stage in creating sustainable change is maintenance where family members have stabilized the desired healthy behaviors (Prochaska, 2020). Therefore, the transtheoretical model of change provides an effective approach to assisting the family achieve their desired health promotion goals.
Conclusion
Overall, Arthur’s family experiences significant social determinants of health that affect their healthcare access and health-related outcomes. The nurse should work with the family in identifying the effective ways to promote the optimum health of the family members. The transtheoretical model of change can be applied in assisting the family to achieve its health promotion goals. The model provides steps for achieve sustained behavioral change in the family.
References
Castrucci, B., & Auerbach, J. (2019). Meeting individual social needs falls short of addressing social determinants of health. Health Affairs Blog, 10(10.1377).
CDC. (2022, May 9). Social Determinants of Health | NCHHSTP | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/index.html
Fragala, M. S., Shiffman, D., & Birse, C. E. (2019). Population health screenings for the prevention of chronic disease progression. Am. J. Manag. Care, 25, 548–553.
Liu, K. T., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., Kim, Y., & Kuan, G. (2018). Application of transtheoretical model on behavioral changes, and amount of physical activity among university’s students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2402.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019). Social Determinants of Health: Future Directions for Health Disparities Research. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S70–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.304964
Pennington, C. G. (2021). Applying the transtheoretical model of behavioral change to establish physical activity habits. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 2(1).
Prochaska, J. O. (2020). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2266–2270.