NRS 429 Nutrition as Central Component in health promotion

Discuss why nutrition is a central component in health promotion. What are some of the nutritional challenges for emerging populations? What roles do nutritional deficiency and nutritional excess play in disease?

Interdisciplinary teams play a critical role in health promotion based on different medical conditions. An interdisciplinary team comprises of different health and medical professionals with defined and related roles and responsibilities. These include registered nurses (RNs), nurse practitioners (NPs), dietician and nutritionists, and educators on different health conditions impacting individual patients, patient populations, families, and communities (Health Research & Educational Trust, 2018). An interdisciplinary team also comprises of community leaders and social workers interacting with them to understand different issues and barriers to health promotion on management of different conditions like injury prevention among the elderly, diabetes and substance use disorders and abuse (van Rhyn & Barwick, 2019). The interdisciplinary team will also have physicians, especially general physicians who can be at disposal to assess a host of medical conditions for better interventions. The team will also comprise of therapists; physical and occupational therapists with the aim of developing effective and evidence-based practice interventions to prevent injury among the elderly under the program.

Re: Topic 4 DQ 2
Nutrition is a central component in health promotion because it can either reduce or potentiate any of their current diseases. It can be used a tool to help reduce complication of a morbidity such as diabetes or heart disease (Whitney, 2018). It is important for nurses to properly educate about how noncompliance with their diet could lead to additional comorbidities such as obesity or diabetes (Whitney, 2018). Imbalanced nutrition is a common struggle for much of the American population. Having a nutritional deficit can be caused by a disease process or simply be related to inadequate consumption to promote health. For example, a patient with liver disease related to chronic alcohol dependence could be in a deficit because their body is not able to absorb nutrition properly (Bartlett, 2019). This requires them to need supplementations of vitamins and minerals to help with absorption. Nutritional excess is strongly correlated with causing obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and hypertension (Whitney, 2018). In short deficits or excess can both cause comorbidities and a balance diet if recommended to promote health.
Here in the united states we have countless emerging population groups such as Arab Americans, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, Black/African Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, Homeless, Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Questioning (LGBTQ), and Refugees. Regarding Homeless, African Americans, Native Americans, and refugees’ theses populations have high rates of poverty and limited access to resources which puts them at risk for nutritional challenges. One of the biggest challenges that they face is access to nutritious food. Cheap food is commonly highly processed and does not fulfill their daily nutritional needs. Additional sociocultural factors for these populations could include language barriers, knowledge of nutrition, limited ability to obtain or purchase food, and lack of or inadequate cooking and/ or food preparation arrangements (Bartlett et al., 2019). I also found an additional article that addressed how public aid is not always the answer, “Families who are homeless can be eligible for a wide range of income supports such as Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), Section 8 or public housing, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), Medicaid, and others. Unfortunately, many of these programs have been chronically underfunded” (Tobin & Murphy, pg. 6, 2013). This should be additionally taken into consideration when the nurse does any follow up for these at-risk population patients.

References:
Bartlett, J., Taylor, C., & Lynn, P., (2019). Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care, Ninth Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781975101336/cfi/6/4!/4/2/4@0:0.00
Tobin, K., & Murphy, J. (2013). Addressing the Challenges of Child and Family Homelessness. Journal of Applied Research on Children, 4(1).
Whitney, S. (2018). Grand Canyon University (Ed). Health promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/

RESPOND TO COURTNEY
Hello Courtney,
I do agree with your statement,” Nutrition is a central component in health promotion because it can either reduce or potentiate any of their current diseases”. Nutrition and diet has been a major health promotion measure in prevention of various conditions such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis among many other health condition. For instance, diet is a key factor in the in management and prevention of type 2 diabetes (Forouhi et al., 2018). One of the disease that is a burden to the healthcare systems at the moment is diabetes, therefore efforts have been made in research to reduce the burden by promoting a dietary approach to reduce the prevalence of the disease. Balanced diet, with adequate amounts of nutrients is the key to nutritional interventions in health promotion measures. Therefore, it is imperative for healthcare works, especially the nurses to educate members of the public on the need to maintain a healthy diet as a means of staying fit and healthy (Whitney, 2018). I do agree with you that even though nutrition is a major health promotion factor there are still people who cannot afford proper nutrition and a balanced diet. For example, poor families may not have access to quality nutritious foods hence having no alternative but to consume cheaper highly processed foods that have adverse health effects.
References
Forouhi, N. G., Misra, A., Mohan, V., Taylor, R., & Yancy, W. (2018). Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. BMJ, k2234. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2234
Whitney, S. (2018). Grand Canyon University (Ed). Health promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/

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HEIDI
Re: Topic 4 DQ 2
Health promotion has played a key role in the prevention of diseases and deaths, thus promoting a healthy lifestyle. Having a healthy lifestyle means having good eating patterns that do not encourage the development of cardiovascular ailments as well as obesity (Geissler & Powers, 2017). Healthy individuals usually have great social well-being, physical as well as mental. Their nutrition highly determines the well-being of an individual. Having healthy foods and activities will promote a healthy lifestyle for an individual. Having balanced diets usually helps maintain a good weight, prevents cardiovascular diseases, and enhances a healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition prevalence has impacted the reduction of infectious diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d). Engaging in unhealthy feeding habits and lack of physical activities can be a health challenge in various communities; thus, people are encouraged to stop the bad, unhealthy lifestyles.
There are many nutritional challenges that populations experience, such as the availability of cheap foods and drinks that have so many fats, calories and sugar levels that are harmful to human health. Another challenge the population faces is difficulty understanding nutritional data that is being taught, which is difficult to implement (Mann & Truswell, 2017). Several populations find it hard to access nutritious foods. Nourishing of the body can be significant in the population’s daily life.
The body requires various vitamins and minerals to help in development as well as fight infectious diseases by having a strong immune system. Such nutrients are absorbed from healthy foods in the diet that one takes and not from the body cells. A nutritional deficiency occurs in circumstances where the body is unable to absorb the required nutrients to help keep healthy and strong (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d). Failure to this will encourage several health problems like stunted growth, digestion, and skin disorder problems. Nutrition plays a major role in having a healthy lifestyle and each person should engage in good healthy feeding habits to prevent disease.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d). Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity. Retrieved on December 2nd,2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/state-local-programs/reach/?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fchronicdisease%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Faag%2Freach.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d). Health Equity: Minority Health. Retrieved on December 2nd,2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html
Geissler, C., & Powers, H. J. (Eds.). (2017). Human nutrition. Oxford University Press.
Mann, J., & Truswell, A. S. (Eds.). (2017). Essentials of human nutrition. Oxford University Press.
RESPOND TO HEIDI
Hello Heidi,
I do agree with you that having a balanced diet is a great step towards achieving a healthy body with proper body weight and general wellbeing of the body. Our diet is what defines our body. Proper diet reduces the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart attack. The recommendations on nutrition to prevent these diseases include; whole grain, fruits and vegetables, legumes, white meat and use of unsaturated fats from plants oils (Anand et al., 2015). I also do agree with you that the body needs vitamins and minerals to help it overcome infectious diseases and protect us from deficiency diseases. The risk of iron deficiency which causes anemia has been reported among the American women population, especially those of child-bearing age and people from low socioeconomic status. (Bird et al., 2017). Despite nutrition and diet being a major health promotion method there are still vulnerable groups of people who lack access to adequate and quality food. Therefore, in such aspects the governments have to take a targeted approach in reaching out to such communities with incentives and subsidies to help the access proper diet and nutrition.
References
Anand, S. S., Hawkes, C., de Souza, R. J., Mente, A., Dehghan, M., Nugent, R., Zulyniak, M. A., Weis, T., Bernstein, A. M., Krauss, R. M., Kromhout, D., Jenkins, D. J. A., Malik, V., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Mozaffarian, D., Yusuf, S., Willett, W. C., & Popkin, B. M. (2015). Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66(14), 1590–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050
Bird, J., Murphy, R., Ciappio, E., & McBurney, M. (2017). Risk of Deficiency in Multiple Concurrent Micronutrients in Children and Adults in the United States. Nutrients, 9(7), 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070655

STACEY
Re: Topic 4 DQ 2
Class,
Just as nutrition is important for health promotion, physical exercise should be a priority as well. I believe to make a healthier society; promotion of physical activity should be a priority in our schools. In the school district where I work, 50 minutes of PE classes are required by the state per week. Because there are so many other curriculum requirements and there are only so many minutes in the school day, 50 minutes of PE is all that the elementary students are allowed. I don’t think this is enough, considering the current obesity epidemic. What are your thoughts?
RESPOND HERE
Hello Stacey,
I agree with you on the fact that nutrition alone is not an adequate health promotion measure, there is need to incorporate regular physical exercise. The current statistics on obesity among American children is startling, this is a clear indicator that nutrition and balanced dieting alone has no significant impact on tackling the problem of obesity. Therefore, the incorporation of more regular and well structure physical exercise programs in school is necessary. I do totally agree with you that the time allocated for PE in schools is limited and cannot have significant benefits to the physical wellbeing of the students. There have been recommendations from the public health authorities that young people should be engaged in moderate to rigorous physical activity for 60 minutes per day (Pate et al., 2016). However, despite having sufficient evidence from research on impact of physical activity on reduction of chances of obesity many young Americans continue to shun away from physical activity (Journal of Sport and Health Science | Children’s Physical Activity and Health: Physical activity, physical fitness, diet and the health in young people | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier, n.d.). This has been evident in the rising numbers of young people who are becoming obese over the years. To be able to deal with these rising numbers the recommendations by the US department of Health and Human Services (USHHS) the best approach is school based implementation of physical education should be strongly supported and implemented at state and national levels.
References
Journal of Sport and Health Science | Children’s Physical Activity and Health: Physical activity, physical fitness, diet and the health in young people | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier. (n.d.). Www.Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-sport-and-health-science/vol/1/issue/3
Pate, R. R., Flynn, J. I., & Dowda, M. (2016). Policies for promotion of physical activity and prevention of obesity in adolescence. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 14(2), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2016.07.003

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Nutrition is a central component of health promotion because most of the essential elements that promote good body functioning are derived from food and their deficiencies cause impaired functions in the body. Some diseases like obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and stroke have been linked to nutrition” (Falkner, 2018). Part of the objective of Healthy People 2030 is Nutrition and healthy eating, their goal being “improving health by promoting healthy eating and making nutritious foods available” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d. Some diseases are associated with malnutrition, when the individual does not eat of the nutrients that promote healthy body functioning. Diseases like malabsorption syndrome whereby the individual cannot absorb the food nutrients are life threatening. People that eat better are strong, active, and more productive than hungry and malnourished individuals. Certain nutrients derived from food help for brain development and function.

Culture influences individual’s food choices. Different cultures have certain practices and beliefs about food, and they consume certain food sources more than others. For The emerging populations, economic barriers affect their choice of food. Healthy food, fruits and vegetables are more expensive than the canned foods and fast food which is cheaper and more convenient. Food nutrients are the substrates like vitamins and minerals and other elements that provide the body with what it need to function normally, these nutrients are affected by the method of processing, storage, and cooking. Nurses have an important role in educating the community on adequate food storage and processing methods that preserve the food nutrients. Eating too much of certain foods and nutrients can be a problem too. Excess salt, fat and sugar increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Nutritional deficiencies and illnesses that are associated with diet are treated using proper nutritious diet and lifestyle modifications. Good nutrition including breastfeeding promotes the health of infants. Balanced meal in the right proportions prevent malnutrition and illnesses related to nutritional deficiencies. Right proportions is important in checking obesity.

References

Falkner, A., (2018). Cultural Awareness. In Health Promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum. (Chapter 3). Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/#/chapter/3

ODPHP (n.d.). Healthy People 2030. Nutrition and Healthy Eating. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/nutrition-and-healthy-eating