NRS 429V The needs of the pediatric patient

Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices?

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.
Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

The priority focus is ensuring the patient is knowledgeable about the information and its role in their health. This knowledge encourages continuous self-management in their care that carries into other healthcare-related visits and appointments. Heath (2017) mentions, “Clinicians must follow a series to steps before issuing patient education materials, ensuring that the strategies employed are useful for the individual patient.” Patients must be ready to learn and make beneficial changes before undergoing strategies. Clients should have their current knowledge level assessed before addressing new information when learning. This provides a stepping stone into the first steps of health education. It is essential to take advantage of any health literacy one knows. Understanding health literacy aids a patient in improving their health with the use of accessible resources. Research online shows that if health literacy is low, so is the patient’s desire to utilize health resources compared to others. (Heath, 2017). If health literacy is minimal to none, introduce definitions of key terms and concepts concerning their health. This can stimulate the process. Another prime moment is encouraging the patient to explain the information to nurses to verbalize understanding. A topic or concept is explained or demonstrated; then, the patient has to demonstrate or explain this information in their own words. Some materials utilized are one-on-one teaching, demonstrations, analogies, graphics, printed materials, podcasts, videos, PowerPoints, or group discussions. Implement these based on patient preference. Teaching patients about health-related technology is essential to access information at home. “Using an online interface, patient portals allow patients to access their lab results, medical histories, and a plethora of other health information. Clinicians who use OpenNotes, a practice philosophy where clinicians digitally share their appointment notes with patients, can offer their patients in-depth and specific health advice each office visit.” (Heath, 2017). Online strategies let clients access their records anytime and anywhere. With constant access to their records, patients can find ways to improve their health without seeing a doctor. Healthcare providers should take advantage of patients’ health literacy, readiness to learn, understanding of teaching, available resources, and awareness of teaching strategies for beneficial education.

Reference

Heath, S. (2017 April 27). 4 Patient Education Strategies That Drive Patient Activation. Patient Engagement Hit. https://patientengagementhit.com/news/4-patient-education-strategies-that-drive-patient-activation

During health education, the nurse will do patient need assessment. Sometimes patient will tell their fears about their health risk behaviors. The needs assessment allows programs to identify opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention efforts, potential barriers and appropriate strategies to address them (Rural Information Hub, 2018). The nurse then plans health education that targets the identified need. Using clear and simple words, the nurse then will educate the patient on the consequences and health issues that are associated with identified risk behavior, providing patient with the recommended preventative actions from evidence-based practice. The nurse will use the different health promotion theories and models based on the patients learning styles.

Reference:

Rural Health Information Hub, (2018). Rural Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Toolkit: The Health Belief Model.https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/theories-and-models/health-belief

Mood Stabilizers in Pediatric Populations

The prescription of drugs for off-label use, especially among adolescents and children is often a complex situation requiring careful consideration and can only occur during peculiar situations (Rusz et.al., 2021). There are some particular situations in which a drug might be given for its off-label use. Firstly, in cases where there are no approved pediatric formulations where the drug is necessary to treat the child. For instance, mood stabilizers such as atypical antipsychotics and lithium are approved for adult treatments, however, they might be administered to treat specific pediatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (Stutzmann, 2021). Additionally, in cases of life-threatening conditions, an off-label use of a drug might be necessary. This is the case when treating bipolar with antipsychotic agents such as risperidone when other medications have not been effective (Stutzmann, 2021). Furthermore, where emerging research and evidence show the effectiveness of a drug in treating the condition, it might be administered to the pediatric population for treatment (Putignano et.al., 2019).

While the use of pharmacological agents for their off-label use in the pediatric population may be complex, some strategies do exist to make the use and dosage safer for children. Healthcare workers should seek informed consent from the child’s guardians after highlighting all the necessary information to them (Rusz et.al., 2021). Secondly, seeking expert opinion and consulting from pediatric mental health specialists would ensure safer use of the drug. Treatment should also be individualized based on the patient’s needs, age, weight, and overall health. Furthermore, close monitoring is necessary to ensure that the child’s response is recorded and any side effects are noted. Additionally, reporting any adverse reactions to a drug would help ensure patients’ safety. Staying informed and up-to-date on current research also helps in the selection of an appropriate agent and a safe agent (Putignano et.al., 2019). Lastly, off-label use of drugs while managing mood disorders in children should be done cautiously and when other medications available are deemed inadequate or ineffective. It needs careful consideration, individualization, constant monitoring, and informed consent to ensure the safety and well-being of the child.

Examples of some agents include the following. Lithium is a mood stabilizer primarily used in adult bipolar treatment. Its use in children bipolar is off-label and monitoring of kidney, thyroid, and liver function is key in avoiding toxicity(Rusz et.al., 2021). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant used for off-label use in pediatrics as a mood stabilizer. Liver function and complete blood counts are paramount to monitor for toxicity(Rusz et.al., 2021). Lamotrigine is also used for its off-label mood stabilization in children, monitoring of skin reactions is important. Additionally, atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine are used as mood stabilizers in the pediatric population. They however should be monitored for metabolic complications (Rusz et.al., 2021).

ALSO READ: NRS 429V Trans-theoretical health promotion model

Reference

Putignano, D., Clavenna, A., Reale, L., & Bonati, M. (2019). The evidence-based choice for antipsychotics in children and adolescents should be guaranteed. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 75, 769-776.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00228-019-02641-0

Rusz, C. M., Ősz, B. E., Jîtcă, G., Miklos, A., Bătrînu, M. G., & Imre, S. (2021). Off-label medication: from a simple concept to complex practical aspects. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(19), 10447.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10447

Stutzman, D. L. (2021). Long-term use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in pediatric patients with a focus on appropriate deprescribing. Mental Health Clinician, 11(6), 320-333. https://meridian.allenpress.com/mhc/article-abstract/11/6/320/473449

Details:

Select a family to complete a family health assessment. (The family cannot be your own.)

Before interviewing the family, develop three open-ended, family-focused questions for each of the following health patterns:

1. Values, Health Perception

2. Nutrition

3. Sleep/Rest

4. Elimination

5. Activity/Exercise

6. Cognitive

7. Sensory-Perception

8. Self-Perception

9. Role Relationship

10. Sexuality

11. Coping

NOTE: Your list of questions must be submitted with your assignment as an attachment.

After interviewing the family, compile the data and analyze the responses.

In 1,000-1,250 words, summarize the findings for each functional health pattern for the family you have selected.

Identify two or more wellness nursing diagnoses based on your family assessment. Wellness and family nursing diagnoses are

different than standard nursing diagnoses. A list of wellness and family nursing diagnoses, from J. R. Weber’s Nurses Handbook of Health Assessment (5th ed.), can be found at the following link

http://web.archiv.org…..

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

NRS 429V All Weeks Discussions

NRS 429V Week 1 Discussion 1

Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices?

NRS 429V Week 1 Discussion 2

In the assigned reading, “How to Write Learning Objectives That Meet Demanding Behavioral Criteria,” Kizlik explained that “objectives that are used in education, whether they are called learning objectives, behavioral objectives, instructional objectives, or performance objectives are terms that refer to descriptions of observable behavior or performance that are used to make judgments about learning.” How do health providers design educational programs to clearly articulate objectives to engage both patients as well as families?

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NRS 429V Week 2 Discussion 1

According to the assigned article, “Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes,” narratives tell the story of the interconnectedness between fear and health. Thematically, the issue of fear is a dominant feature that affects how an individual approaches day-to-day living and health. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health disparity?

NRS 429V Week 2 Discussion 2

Diversity among individuals, as well as cultures, provides a challenge for nurses when it comes to delivering meaningful health promotion and illness prevention-based education. How do teaching principles, varied learning styles (for both nurses and patients), and teaching methodologies impact the approach to education? How do health care providers overcome differing points of view regarding health promotion and disease prevention? Provide an example.

NRS 429V Week 3 Discussion 1

What is the importance of cultural competency in nursing practice? Support your response.

NRS 429V Week 3 Discussion 2

Traditionally, nutrition programs were targeted to the indigent and poor populations in developing countries. Many of today’s Americans are malnourished also, but they are inundated with unhealthy foods and require a multidisciplinary approach to nutrition education. What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program? Provide current literature to support your answer and include two nutritional education community resources.

NRS 429V Week 4 Discussion 1

Using the family structural theory (see the textbook as a model) how can families created following second marriages learn to function as one?

NRS 429V Week 4 Discussion 2

Which theoretical perspective, that guides the nursing process with assessment of the family, do you find to be the most helpful and effective? Why is this theory more appealing to you than the others?

NRS 429V Week 5 Discussion 1

Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?

NRS 429V Week 5 Discussion 2

How could you use the family structural theory to determine if a family is dysfunctional or not? Provide evidence to support your answer.