NRS 433 Assignment Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

NRS 433 Assignment Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

NRS 433 Assignment Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

The shortage of nurses in the ICU is a huge challenge for healthcare providers in the US. It has increased the demand for more nurses and nurse turnover rates, affecting patients and their families. It also affects nursing professionals. For example, reports have found that many nurses have considered leaving their job due to stress related to the workload while others have developed mental related issues such as anxiety and burnout. Healthcare organizations continuously to witness this challenge and it occurs due to manys reasons, including high acuity/admission levels. Many studies have been conducted in this area to understand the issue better. This essay evaluates and critques two qualitative studies examining staffing levels and how they affect patient safety, infection control, and nurse and patient stress in the ICU. It will include different elements such as author’s obejectives, reseach methods, research findings and the ethial considerations that the authors of the qualitiative articles employed.

The 2010 IOM report had four key messages or recommendations for nurses to position themselves strategically in healthcare provision. Firstly, the report stresses the need for nurses to practice to the fullest level of their education and training without any hindrances imposed by state boards of nursing. The message influences nursing practice as it means that nurses should be barred from practicing what they have trained on in different specialties (Price & Reichert, 2018). Secondly, the report asserted that nurses should engage in lifelong learning to acquire higher levels of education and training based on a better education system. The message means that the nursing practice requires professional nurses to engage in continual professional development to attain the latest skills and knowledge in healthcare provision, especially the deployment of technology.

PICOT question

In the ICU departments, do sufficient nurse workers (I) prevent the occurrence of medical errors, infections, and stress among patients and nurses themselves (O) within one year (T) compared to inadequate nurse workers (C)?

Population (P) – The target population is the patients in the ICU.

Intervention (I) – Sufficient nurse workers

Comparison (C) – Inadequate nurse workers.

Outcome (O) -Prevents infections, stress, and medical errors among the patients and nurses

Time (T) – The duration is one year.

Background of Studies

Banda et al. (2019) investigate how nurses at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital’s ICU in Malawi view the issue of a high workload on patient care. Using a purposive sample technique, the researchers selected research participants based on how long they had previously worked at the hospital. They then provided them with informed consent. The researchers then performed ten in-depth interviews to collect the research data. After collecting data, they evaluated it using Braun & Clarke’s theme analysis method. According to the study, ICU nurses and critically ill patients suffer when nurses are overworked. It jeopardizes patient safety and hinders providing quality care. Additionally, it harms the nurses’ health. It suggests that nurses are worried about the harmful effects that heavy workloads have on patient care. Adding more ICU nurses is necessary to address this problem.

Bridges et al. (2019) examine how patients interact with nursing and staffing regarding quality and quantity. It involves tracking patient outcomes for a year while using various staff ratios. Investigators then performed regression analysis to examine the information gathered on patient care quality. They discovered that compared to nurses who handled fewer patients, those with at least eight patients exhibited poor engagement with them.

How The Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem

Banda et al. (2019) examine nurses’ opinions on the problem of high workloads in the ICU. Thus, the study seeks to determine the idea behind workloads in patient care at the ICU. Similarly, Bridges et al. (2019) studied how patients feel about a situation when patient satisfaction with their care is high or poor. Both studies supported the PICOT question by stating that understaffing is a factor in the serious difficulties encountered in the ICU. They established that it hurts health outcomes. According to Banda et al. (2019), both ICU nurses and critically ill patients suffer when nurses are overworked. It jeopardizes patient safety and hinders providing quality care. In addition, it harms nurses’ health, contributing significantly to the ICU’s healthcare issues. Bridges et al. (2019) found that nurses with at least eight patients had poorer interactions with them than those with fewer.

Method of Studies

Banda et al. (2019) employed purposive sampling to select research participants based on the duration they had worked directly at the hospital. They then provided their informed consent. The researchers then performed ten in-depth interviews to collect the research data. After collecting data, they evaluated it using Braun & Clarke’s theme analysis method. Researchers from Bridges et al. (2019) studied patient outcomes based on various staff ratios for a year. Regression analysis was then utilized to examine the information acquired regarding the standard of patient care. Therefore, the approaches used in these two situations differed since Bridges et al. (2019) relied on observation while Banda et al. (2019) used interviews.

The method makes it easier to get detailed information because the interview questions are open-ended, which helps to clarify the research question. Banda et al. (2019) involved ten interviews to get first-hand information about how ICU nurses in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, perceive the high workload on patient care. However, the interviewing technique will probably introduce considerable biases, leading to incorrect data. Various circumstances that may come into play throughout the interview could cause this issue. In Banda et al. (2019), the researchers did not involve nurse managers, despite their significant role in healthcare. Thus, there are possibilities that the investigation missed out on some crucial data related to the management.

Since the researcher can verify the accuracy of the data gathered, the observation approach is quite accurate. For example, real-time ward-based staff and interaction data significantly improved upon flaws found in earlier studies. (Bridges et al., 2019). Similarly, the investigator can use various tools to identify the behaviors under examination. As opposed to interviewing, the researcher merely uses the participants’ responses as the data source. Some natural phenomena, however, are hard to record during the study using the observation approach because the researchers cannot pinpoint their exact location and timing. Data from independent care observations may not be a good surrogate for the real patient experience, according to (Bridges et al., 2019).

Results of Studies

According to Banda et al. (2019), the nurses’ severe workloads put patients’ safety at risk by giving them subpar care. Additionally, they found that the welfare of the nurses was in danger due to heavy workloads. According to Bridges et al. (2019) researchers, patient-nurse conflict occasionally prevents patients from receiving the care they need.Banda et al. (2019) state that managers and policymakers should focus on hiring more ICU nurses and putting other solutions in place to address the issue of high workloads and the effects they have on patient care. Researchers in Bridges et al. (2019) also advise the need to understand what causes a poor relationship between nurses and their patients when there is a reduced staffing ratio.

Ethical Considerations

There is a need for approval from the relevant authorities to ensure that the study complies with ethical guidelines and safeguards the participant’s rights. Banda et al. (2019) approved the study by the College of Medicine Research and Ethical Committee (COMREC). Bridges et al. (2019) study was approved by the Social Care Research Ethics Committee for England. Thus, both investigations followed the necessary rules and regulations. Researchers must also obtain informed consent from participants before proceeding with their study. The participants are informed about the research purpose, their rights, the possible benefits and risks, and the research procedure. After this, the participants must sign a consent form revealing their willingness to be part of the study. Banda et al. (2019) gave informed consent to all the research participants before beginning the study. However, due to the nature of the research, Bridges et al. (2019) did not seek consent.

Conclusion

Both Banda et al. (2019) and Bridges et al. (2019) investigated the shortage of nurses in the ICU, an issue of concern in the US, affecting both patients and healthcare providers. Banda et al. (2019) explore nurses’ perspectives on the issue of heavy workloads in the ICU. At the same time, Bridges et al. (2019) examine how patients feel about their satisfaction with the care they receive, both when it is high and when it is low. Bridges et al. (2019) used an observation method, while Banda et al. (2019) employed an interviewing method. While the two approaches had some advantages, they also had a fair share of limitations. The two studies revealed that the issue of high workload affects the entire healthcare sector, and it should be solved. The results from both studies are reliable enough since they adhered to ethical considerations.

Check Out Also: NRS 433 Topic 3 DQ 1 Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design

References

Banda, Z., Simbota, M., & Mula, C. (2019). Nurses’ perceptions on the effects of high nursing workload on patient care in an intensive care unit of a referral hospital in Malawi: a qualitative study. BMC nursing, 21(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00918-x.

Bridges, J., Griffiths, P., Oliver, E., & Pickering, R. M. (2019). Hospital nurse staffing and staff–patient interactions: an observational study. BMJ quality & safety, 28(9), 706-713. DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008948

Assessment Description

Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the

last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Attachments

NRS-433V-RS2-ResearchCritiqueGuidelinesPar

NRS 433 Assignment Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations – Rubric

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NRS 433 Assignment Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

The use of a novel generation of interactive patient engagement systems leveraging virtual health coaches powered by artificial intelligence can assist health facilities and systems address the rising shortage of nurses. Through these interactive technologies, nurses can spend more time with patients and elevate their roles in improving care management and coordination. The increasing deployment of telehealth technology in different care facilities is considered as one of the critical aspects of addressing the nursing shortage problem. Qualitative studies show that healthcare facilities can leverage telehealth to address the nursing shortage. The purpose of this assignment is to provide a summary of two qualitative studies on using telehealth to address the nursing shortage problem. The paper also discusses the use of the findings in nursing practice, and addresses ethical considerations related to their conduct.

Background to the Studies

The identified studies include Barbosa and Da Silva’s (2017) article on nursing by telehealth and Bashir and Bastola’s (2018) article on nurses’ perspectives towards telehealth based on efficacy and quality of health care.

Problem

The problem under investigation in both articles is use of telehealth in nursing to enhance accessibility and improve the quality of services offered. In their study, Barbosa et al. (2017) focus on nurses’ perception concerning interpersonal communication in care provision using telehealth. Bashir et al. (2018) consider telehealth as an innovative model in health care delivery for nurses to effectively manage patients; especially those with chronic diseases away from healthcare facilities. These studies all demonstrate the acute problem of nursing shortage that healthcare industry faces. Different studies have explored the use of telehealth and telemedicine as effective interventions to address the spiraling nursing shortage problem. In his article, Neville (2018) discusses how leveraging telehealth can improve accessibility, reduce the perennial nursing shortage and improve quality of care. Further, Garajawala and Pelkowski (2021) assert that telehealth offers benefits like minimizing the costs of care and improving patient satisfaction and quality. Imperatively, the articles under critical analysis demonstrate the need to integrate telehealth to help mitigate the acute nursing shortage.

Significance of the Studies

The two studies offer critical benefits to stakeholders on how they can address the nursing shortage problem while cutting costs, increasing access to and improving quality of care. The studies show that telehealth allows nurses to enhance engagement and interactions with patients; leading to shared decision-making and patient-centric care interventions.

Purpose, Objectives & Research Questions

The article by Barbosa and Da Silva’s aim is to evaluate nurses’ perception concerning interpersonal communication while providing care using telehealth. The article by Bashir et al. (2018) examines if telehealth technology affects the perceived degree of internal service quality offered by nurses in a telehealth setting. The research empirically tests and validates the notion of telehealth nursing service quality (TNSQ).  The research questions in both studies focus on the significance of telehealth in nursing; especially on enhancing quality care and helping stakeholders to address the nursing shortage problem through innovative care provision. What is the perception of nurses on interpersonal communication when providing care through telehealth? Does telehealth technology impact the perceived degree of internal service quality offered by nurses within a telehealth environment or organization?

Implications of the Two Studies in Nursing

The two studies have significant impact on nursing practice, especially efforts to address the nursing shortage issue as they offer innovative solution through deployment of telehealth. Studies and government indices show that the country will experience a shortage of registered nurses which is projected to intensify as the baby boomers’ generation ages, retires, and demands for more health care services. The increasing number of patients with chronic disease, the increased expansion of care due to health insurance reforms, and changes in scope of practice and authority for nurses imply that more healthcare providers will be required. Therefore, these articles present evidence that healthcare practitioners and organizations can leverage to mitigate the nursing shortage problem.

The findings from the two articles shows that more organizations can use telehealth nursing as a remedy for the current and projected shortage. These articles also demonstrate the need for nursing leaders to develop innovative solutions focused on care expansion and increased participation of patients and their families. The implication is that nursing shortage requires evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions to tackle it for long-term outcomes.

Method of Study

The article by Barbosa et al. (2017) uses qualitative research based on a questionnaire with open-ended question. The authors them use content analysis in identifying the overriding themes in the study. The theoretical framework is descriptive analysis as the investigators interviewed healthcare providers working in telehealth in Brazil. The interviewed participants were 20 comprising of seven nurses and 13 physicians. In the second article by Bashir et al. (2018) the investigators used case study site where data was collected from the interviewed nurses in the facility. The case site was the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of Omaha since it uses telehealth interventions to provide patient care. The VNA telehealth nurses volunteered to participate in the study. The investigators theoretical framework comprised of the TNSQ model based on three steps: survey research, preliminary interviews and use of SERVQUAL to assess the level of TNSQ adaption. The approach allowed the investigators to get information from the nurses for effective analysis and enhanced understanding of the deployment of telehealth.

Results of the Studies

Article1: The article by Barbosa et al. (2017) observe that their analysis produced four groups from the dialogues. These include understanding the significance of communication, influence of interpersonal relationship on communication, communication through technology and learning the communication process. The authors assert that nurses using telehealth perceive that it facilitates effective nursing practice, especially mitigating nursing shortage by improving access and engagement of patients. The findings also show that effective training of nurses leads to better adoption of technology for quality care provision.

Article 2: The finding from Bashir et al. (2018) article show a positive relationship between telehealth and quality of the services. The study shows that nurses can embrace telehealth not just to improve quality but also reduce the problem of nursing shortage as they can offer care to patients remotely. The study highlights the importance of telehealth process in daily monitoring of patient health leading to better interactions with families.

Ethical Considerations

Research studies must have an ethical perspective based on concepts like informed consent, provision of sufficient information, and non-biased selection of participants. Ethical considerations like getting approval from Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) validate findings from any study as they indicate adherence and compliance to set legal and moral thresholds. An analysis of the two articles shows that they considered the critical ethical aspects of informed consent and approval from IRB. The study by Barbosa et al. (2017) was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nursing School at Sao Paulo University. Therefore, it met national and international ethical standards in research that involves human participants. The study by Bashir et al. (2018) was approved by the respective study sites and institutional boards for ethical research. In both studies, all participants gave their informed consent to be part of the investigation. Further, most were healthcare workers who understand ethical provisions required from researcher and the idea of informed consent.

Conclusion

Qualitative studies on the deployment of telehealth in nursing to reduce the nursing shortage problem show that increased participation of nurses in technology portends positive outcomes for providers and patients. Nursing shortage is a critical health issue that needs innovative solutions and interventions. The studies show that by leveraging technologies, healthcare organizations and providers can address the issue of nursing shortage, improve quality care delivery, and expand access to patients in rural settings who are underserved.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Barbosa, I. D. A., & Silva, M. J. P. D. (2017). Nursing care by telehealth: what is the influence

of distance on communication? Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 70, 928-934.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0142

Bashir, A., & Bastola, D. R. (2018). Perspectives of nurses toward telehealth efficacy and quality

of health care: pilot study. JMIR medical informatics, 6(2), e9080. DOI: 10.2196/medinform.9080

Gajarawala, S. N., & Pelkowski, J. N. (2021). Telehealth benefits and barriers. The Journal for

            Nurse Practitioners, 17(2), 218-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.013

Neville, C. W. (2018). Telehealth: A balanced look at incorporating this technology into practice.

SAGE Open Nursing, 4, 2377960818786504. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960818786504