NRS 433 Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design

Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design. Contrast the levels of control applied to each.

Experimental research design is a type of quantitative research design that is highly controlled and to study cause and effect with independent and dependent variables. Experimental design is a true experiment in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to come up with effect on other variables. Random assignment is used. There is a highly controlled environment and there is less chance of bias (McNiff and Petrick, 2022). The type of experimental research chosen has a significant influence on the results of the experiment (Formplus, 2020).

An example of an experimental study is one done on the benefits of resistance training in physically frail elderly. The effect of resistance training alone or combined with multi modal exercise intervention on muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power output, functional performance and falls incidence in the frail elderly (Lopez et al., 2017). This is a highly controlled study where specific interventions or independent variables listed has on the frail elderly. The researcher here has control over the independent variable and can change it or alter it to see what changes in the variable being the frail elderly.

Non-experimental research is a type of research that doesn’t include manipulation of control or independent variables. In this research, researchers measure variables as they naturally occur without any further manipulation. This type of research is used when the researcher has no definite research question about a causal relationship between two different variables, and manipulation of the independent variable is impossible. They are used more often when a subject can’t be randomly assigned to a condition, when the subject of the research is about a casual relationship, but the independent variable can’t be manipulated, the research is broad and exploratory, it pertains to a non-casual relationship between variables, and there is limited information that can be accessed about the research subject (Formplus, 2022).

An example of a non-experimental study would be research that carries out a study on ammonia to determine its characteristics, behavior and nature. There is no manipulation here of the control. Ammonia is measured as it naturally occurs without any further manipulation. This study looks at ammonia without direct control. There is no manipulated independent variables so this is non-experimental (Formplus, 2022).

Reference:

Formplus. “Experimental vs Non-Experimental Research: 15 Key Differences.” Formplus, 25 June 2020, www.formpl.us/blog/experimental-non-experimental-research.

McNiff, Pamela and Petrick, Melissa (Grand Canyon University (Ed.). (2022). Nursing research: Understanding methods for best practice (2nd ed.).

Experimental research designs involve manipulating one or more variables and observing how the changes have an impact on other variables. Experimental designs typically have high levels of control; the researcher has extensive control over the variables being studied and can modify them to achieve desired results.

Nonexperimental designs, on the other hand, are those in which the researcher observes the variables as they naturally occur without changing any of the variables. Nonexperimental designs typically have limited levels of control; the researcher has little influence over the variables being studied and can only watch them as they naturally occur.

Randomized controlled trials, in which participants are randomly assigned to various treatment groups, and quasi-experimental designs, in which the researcher does not have complete control over the assignment of participants to treatment groups, are two examples of experimental research designs.

Observational studies, in which the researcher just watches participant activity without getting involved, and surveys, in which participants are questioned about their ideas or activities, are two examples of nonexperimental research designs. The fundamental benefit of experimental designs is that they enable the researcher to draw conclusions about causality, i.e., that the manipulation of the study variables was what led to the observed changes in the other variable.

Nonexperimental designs typically need less money and time to implement than experimental designs, which is their principal advantage.

References:

Miller, C.J., (2020). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs in implementation research.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178119306833?via%3Dihub

Navarro, D. (2019, January 11). 2.5:

Experimental and Non-experimental Research – Statistics Libre Texts. Statistics LibreTexts;stats.libretexts.org.

https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/App_A_tutorial_for_Psychology_Students_andotexperimental_Research

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No experimental designs; use hypothesis, and it falls into three categories which are quasi-experimental, single variable and correlational.
Epidemiological studies are an example of a non-experimental design in which data is gathered through records or self-reports. The design has no manipulation or control of variables as compared to experimental designs that use controls to obtain reliable strong evidence, (Sabhudi,2019)

Experimental research designs result from scientific-based approaches towards the manipulation of one or more variables. In an experiment, there is the comparison of a particular treatment to another different one. In a simple experiment, reference is made to the control group which saves as a baseline against which the main experiment is compared. The conditions which are controlled or manipulated are called independent variables and the measured outcomes or observed are called dependent variables. So in a treatment experiment, the treatment conditions may vary depending on the experimental goal. Most health studies have used placebos for controlling experimental designs. Randomization can also be used as well as other procedures such as elimination, matching, additional independent variables and statistical control, (Sabhudi,2019)

Reference

Methodological Issues in Management Research: Advances, Challenges and the Way Ahead, edited by Rabi N. Subudhi, and Sumita Mishra, Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/detail.action?docID=5967825.

Both experimental and non-experimental research designs are important to researching different things. Experimental design is where the researcher has more control over the entire study (Navarro, 2022). This means that everything within the study, they can somewhat control and manipulate. A good example of this could be the effect of alcohol on the pancreas. To test this, you will have 2 patients, 1 patient will not have any alcohol consumption and 1 will receive alcohol at the amount needed.

When looking at non-experimental research, the researcher will not have as much control or manipulation over the study (Navarro, 2022). This means the researcher will have less control and whatever happens is going to happen. An example of this is if the researcher is looking for the effect of alcohol on the liver. 1 patient will consume alcohol and 1 will not. But since this is non-experimental, the researcher will have no control over variable factors such as how much Tylenol the patient consumes. So, say the patient consuming alcohol does not take Tylenol but the patient not consuming alcohol takes way too much Tylenol. Things like this can change the outcomes of the study.

References

Navarro, D. (2022). Experimental and non-experimental research. University of New South Wales. https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Applied_Statistics/Learning_Statistics_with_R_-_A_tutorial_for_Psychology_Students_and_other_Beginners_(Navarro)/02%3A_A_Brief_Introduction_to_Research_Design/2.05%3A_Experimental_and_Non-experimental_Research

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