NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations-Step -By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Assessment Description

NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Sample Answer for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that has largely been used in the management of mental health problems. The intervention has shown to be effective in the management of mental health problems such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among others. Cognitive behavioral therapy has also proven effective in improving stress management skills among the vulnerable populations. Despite its efficacy, its use in reducing and enhancing the management of job-related stress in my organization has not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore qualitative studies that have investigated the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in stress management among nurses. The PICOT question for the project is, in registered nurses working in the emergency department, does the education on cognitive behavioral therapy reduce job stress when compared to no intervention within 8 months?

As noted above, the focus of the proposed project is on examining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions in reducing job-related stress among nurses working in the emergency department. The qualitative studies by Asplund et al., (2019) and Terp et al., (2019) have been selected for this analysis. The study by Terp et al., (2019) explored the experiences of nursing students with cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management intervention. The problem that necessitated the need for this study was the fact that most of the studies about stressors in nursing are quantitative in nature. A gap in qualitative studies that investigate the subjective experiences of nurses and nursing students with stress and stress management exists. As a result, the authors aimed at bridging the gap to inform nursing practice. The importance of this study to nursing is that nurses can use it to develop, implement and evaluate interventions that are utilized to improve the management of stress by nurses and nursing students. The research question was note explicitly stated in this study. However, it can be inferred to have been, what are the experiences of nursing students with cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management intervention?

The purpose of the study by Asplund et al., (2019) was to capture the experiences of participants with an internet delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management. The need for this study was informed by the fact that no study has explored the experiences of workers with internet-delivered treatments that focus on stress and work situation. The importance of this study to nursing is that it will inform the interventions that will be utilized in nursing to improve the experiences of nurses with stress management. The treatment also informs the utilization of technology in stress management with cognitive behavioral interventions. The research question was not stated explicitly. However it can be inferred to have been, what is the experience of the participants with an internet delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management?

How they Support the Clinical Issue

The selected articles will be used to answer the PICOT question in a number of ways. The article by Terp et al., (2019) will be

used to show that cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in reducing the stress levels among nurses. The study will also be used to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptance level of the intervention. The study by Asplund et al., (2019) will be used to show that cognitive behavioral interventions strengthen the development of effective coping knowledge and skills by the nurses. It will also be used to show the wider acceptability of the intervention in stress management.

The interventions in the selected studies are similar to the proposed intervention for the project. The interventions largely focused on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management. The study by (Asplund et al., 2019) however focused on the internet delivered cognitive based interventions. The other difference is that the study by Terp et al., (2019) used nursing students while that by Asplund et al., (2019) utilized a mix of workers, including nurses. Despite the differences, the study is effective in showing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions in stress management among nurses.

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Methods

The study by Terp et al., (2019) utilized a descriptive qualitative study design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with data analysis done using inductive content analysis. The study by Asplund et al., (2019) was a qualitative follow-up of a randomized controlled trial that examined the experiences of the participants with work-focused and internet-based cognitive behavioral treatment for stress. The participants was selected using criterion-based sampling with data collected using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis used in analyzing the obtained data. The descriptive qualitative study design is associated with the advantage of ensuring the transparency of the interpretations of the researchers. It is however associated with the disadvantage of verifying the truthfulness of the information that the participants give. The advantage of the follow-up of randomized controlled trial is that it confirms the results obtained in the quantitative study. It however has the disadvantage of recall bias and challenge of verifying the accuracy of the information given by the participants.

Results

The study by Terp et al., (2019) showed that cognitive behavioral stress management intervention was associated with significant benefits to the participants. The benefits could be seen from themes that included participants being more in touch with reality, increase in their self-confidence, improvement in communication skills, and providing them with a new way of reflecting. The study by Asplund et al., (2019) showed that the intervention was associated with positive effects on the mental health and wellbeing in both work and life of the participants. The implications of the findings of the articles are that cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in stress management in nursing. Nurses should explore the ways in which the interventions can be used to optimize on their health outcomes. Nurses should also advocate the adoption of the interventions to ensure that their mental health needs are met.

Ethical Considerations

One of the ethical considerations in research is informed consent. Informed consent should be obtained from the study participants. Informed consent symbolizes the protection of rights of the participants. It also ensures that their autonomy is maintained. The other ethical principle is ensuring data integrity. The privacy and confidentiality of data of the participants should be protected in a research. The data should be kept away from access by third parties. The identity of the participants should also be kept anonymous (Roth & Unger, 2018). The researchers in the two articles took the above ethical considerations into account in their researches. They obtained informed consent from the participants prior to seeking information from them. The participants were informed about the need and importance of their participation in the research. The other way in which they took into account the ethical considerations is that they kept the identity of the participants anonymous. They assigned codes to the participants, thereby, making it hard to identify the participants with the information they gave.

Conclusion

The reviewed qualitative studies have demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective treatment strategy that can be used to minimize and enhance stress management among nurses. Cognitive behavioral strategies promote the development of effective coping skills among the nurses. The use of cognitive behavioral therapy interventions are feasible in clinical settings. However, it is important that ethics of research be considered in undertaking investigations on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in stress management among nurses.

References

Asplund, R. P., Jäderlind, A., Björk, I. H., Ljótsson, B., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2019). Experiences of internet-delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress: A qualitative study. Internet Interventions, 18, 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100282

Roth, W.-M., & Unger, H. von. (2018). Current Perspectives on Research Ethics in Qualitative Research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-19.3.3155

Terp, U., Bisholt, B., & Hjärthag, F. (2019). Not Just Tools to Handle It: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences From Participating in a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 46(6), 922–929. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119865319

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Qualitative research is important in the provision of relevant information for a number of reasons. Firstly, qualitative research often provides a more detailed and nuanced picture than quantitative research. This is because qualitative methods tend to uncover peoples’ opinions, motivations, and emotions – giving us a greater understanding of why people do what they do. Secondly, qualitative research is often conducted with smaller samples than quantitative research. This allows for a more in-depth exploration of the issue at hand, as opposed to a broad overview provided by quantitative methods. Finally, qualitative methods are typically more flexible than their quantitative counterparts. This means that they can be adapted to changing circumstances and new information – allowing us to get the most accurate picture possible. The two qualitative articles considered for the study include: Article I, “Missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections” by Bail et al., (2021), and Article II, “Challenges and opportunities for infection prevention and control in hospitals in conflict-affected settings” by Lowe et al., (2021). The purpose of this assignment is to analyze qualitative article I and II including summary, study design, results of the studies, and the ethical considerations.

Qualitative Studies

Background of Study

Qualitative article I found that missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections are a significant problem in hospitals across the United States. The study’s main problem was that gaps in infection control care were leading to increased rates of healthcare associated infections. The purpose of the study was to identify those gaps and to develop interventions to address them. The objective was to reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infections by 50%.To achieve this objective, the researchers conducted a survey of hospital infection control practices nationwide. They then used the data from the survey to create a toolkit designed to help hospitals improve their infection control care.

This article is important to nursing because it discusses missed infection control care and how this can lead to healthcare associated infections. The authors point out that errors in infection control are often made due to nurse fatigue and lack of oversight. They suggest that more research is needed in this area to find ways to improve infection control in order to reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infections. This article is significant to the research quest because it identifies a potential area of improvement for nursing care. The main research question in this article is: How does nurses perceive missed infection control in healthcare settings?

Qualitative article II found that infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical issue for healthcare facilities in conflict-affected settings. Due to the increased risk of transmission of communicable diseases, IPC measures are essential to protect patients, staff, and visitors from infection. However, hospitals in conflict-affected settings face numerous challenges in implementing effective IPC measures. The purpose of this article is to summarize the key challenges and opportunities for IPC in hospitals in conflict-affected settings. The objective is to facilitate a better understanding of the unique context within which IPC must be implemented in these settings, and to identify potential solutions that can improve IPC practices. The main problem in many conflict-affected settings is the lack of basic infrastructure and supplies necessary for effective infection prevention and control (IPC). Without functioning water and sanitation systems, it is difficult to prevent the spread of bacteria and other pathogens. And without proper healthcare supplies, such as gloves, masks, and disinfectants, nurses are often unable to properly clean and disinfect hospital wards and equipment. The main research question is: What are some of the challenges and opportunities for infection prevention and control in hospitals in conflict-affected settings?

How the Two Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue

There are two main ways that the articles can be used to address the issue of using a daily chlorhexidine bath to prevent acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). First, the articles can be used to support the efficacy of chlorhexidine baths in preventing MRSA acquisition. This is particularly relevant given that some experts have questioned the effectiveness of chlorhexidine in preventing MRSA infections. Second, the articles can be used to provide evidence-based recommendations for how best to implement chlorhexidine baths in order to maximize their ability to prevent MRSA infections. The information provided by these two articles is therefore critical in addressing different aspects of the PICOT question.

There are a few key ways in which the interventions and comparison groups in these articles compare. First, as noted in the PICOT question, chlorhexidine is applied via baths, whereas the control group does not receive this intervention. Second, the patients in the study are divided into two groups: those who receive daily chlorhexidine baths and those who do not. This allows for a direct comparison of the effects of this intervention. Finally, as mentioned in the PICOT question, the primary outcome being measured is incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI). This is an important objective measure that allows for a clear understanding of whether or not chlorhexidine bath prevention is effective.

Method of Study

For article I, authors used a retrospective observational study design to examine the relationship between missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections. In their study, they looked at data from 454 ICUs in England between January 2013 and December 2015, and found that there was a positive association between missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections. For qualitative article II, the study was conducted using a qualitative methodology, with interviews being the primary data collection method.

There was the use of retrospective observational study design in article I. One benefit of retrospective observational study design is that it is less expensive and time consuming than other types of study designs. A limitation of retrospective observational study design is that it can be difficult to accurately recall information about past events. For article II, one benefit of qualitative methodology with interviews is that the researcher can obtain rich and in-depth data from participants. This allows for a greater understanding of the phenomenon being studied. Additionally, the interviewer can build rapport with participants, fostering an open and honest exchange of information. A limitation of qualitative methodology with interviews is that it can be difficult to generalize findings to a wider population. Additionally, because interviews are time-consuming and resource-intensive, they may not be feasible for every research project.

Results of Study

From the article I, it is clear that missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections are major problems in the healthcare industry. There are a number of factors that contribute to this problem, including understaffing, lack of resources, and insufficient training (Bail et al., 2021). The article also found that, both at the organizational and individual clinician levels, infection control care is neglected. Neither standard safeguards nor fundamental caregiving tasks were performed, according to nurses.

Qualitative study II found that there are a number of challenges to infection prevention and control in these types of settings. These include: insecurity and Violence, which can make it difficult to access healthcare facilities; population movement, which can increase the risk of transmission; economic hardship, which can lead to patients skipping treatment or not being able to afford necessary medications; and a lack of trained personnel, which can make it difficult to provide sufficient care (Lowe et al., 2021). The two articles are different in terms of study methodology that have been applied.

There are a few implications of the two studies on healthcare acquired infection and prevention in nursing practice. First, it is clear that healthcare acquired infections are a serious problem in the hospital setting. Patients who contract these infections are at risk for serious complications, including death. Second, both studies underscore the importance of infection control measures in preventing the spread of these infections. Nurses play a vital role in infection control, and it is important for them to be up-to-date on the latest evidence regarding best practices. Finally, the studies highlight the need for more research on this issue. As healthcare providers strive to provide quality care and keep patients safe, it is critical that we continue to learn more about how to prevent healthcare acquired infections.

Ethical Considerations

When conducting research, it is important to consider two main ethical considerations: informed consent and protecting participants from harm. Informed consent means that participants must be given information about the study before they decide whether or not to participate. This includes information about the purpose of the research, what will happen during the study, and any potential risks or benefits. Participants should also be informed that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time. Protecting participants from harm is also important. Researchers must take steps to ensure that participants will not be harmed physically or emotionally as a result of taking part in the study. This may include ensuring that there are no physical risks involved and providing psychological support if needed.

The researchers in the two articles applied informed consent in different ways. In the first article, the researcher obtained informed consent from all of the participants before they took part in the study (Barbosa & Milan, 2019). This ensured that all of the participants were aware of the risks and benefits associated with participating in the study. In addition, the researcher also took measures to protect the participants from potential harms by ensuring that they were not exposed to any unnecessary risks and by providing them with support if they experienced any negative consequences as a result of taking part in the study.

Conclusion

Qualitative article I found that missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections are a significant problem in hospitals across the United States. Qualitative article II found that infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical issue for healthcare facilities in conflict-affected settings. Due to the increased risk of transmission of communicable diseases, IPC measures are essential to protect patients, staff, and visitors from infection. The two articles are important in addressing different aspects of the PICOT question, they provide insightful information that are critical in understanding infection control in healthcare.

References

Bail, K., Willis, E., Henderson, J., Blackman, I., Verrall, C., & Roderick, A. (2021). Missed infection control care and healthcare associated infections: A qualitative study. Collegian, 28(4), 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14909

Barbosa, S., & Milan, S. (2019). Do not harm in private chat apps: Ethical issues for research on and with WhatsApp. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.313

Lowe, H., Woodd, S., Lange, I. L., Janjanin, S., Barnett, J., & Graham, W. (2021). Challenges and opportunities for infection prevention and control in hospitals in conflict-affected settings: a qualitative study. Conflict and Health, 15(1), 1-10. https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-021-00428-8

Sample Answer for NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Background of Study

There are different research methodologies that can be utilized in the research processes. There are both qualitative and quantitative research processes. Qualitative research involves the collection and analysis of non-numerical data such as texts, videos, or audio documents in order to understand concepts, experiences, and opinions. Qualitative research processes can also be utilized to gather in-depth insights into the problem and generate unique or new ideas for the research process. Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research which often involves the collection, and the analysis of the numerical data. The qualitative study I, “Qualitative study of telemonitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes” by Hanley et al., (2015) involves an investigation of the experiences of professionals and patients taking part in the randomized controlled trials of blood pressure, blood glucose, and weight. The problem under consideration is type 2 diabetes. The article is significant to nursing because it entails different approaches geared towards enhancing evidence-based practices. The purpose of the article is to determine the best interventions for the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. One of the research question is: Does telemonitoring of blood glucose, blood pressure and weight in primary care a promising approach of improving diabetes management?

The qualitative article II considered is: “Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association” by Colberg et al. (2016). The main objective of the article is to determine the impacts of physical activity/exercise on the management of diabetes. The article is significant to nursing since it involves consideration of different nursing approaches or interventions when it come to the management of diseases. The purpose of the article is to determine the best interventions that can be applied in the management of type 2 diabetes (Colberg et al., 2016). The objective of the research article II is to determine the best interventions for the individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes. The article focuses on the physical activity as the best approach when it comes to the management of type 2 diabetes. From the research article, the American Diabetes association recommend physical activities/exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. There are different other interventions mentioned in the article; however, the focus is on the physical activities. The main research question in the article is: does the physical activity/exercise aids in the reduction of type 2 diabetes? The question covers all the aspect of the paper. In other words, it reflects the research objectives, the purpose of the research and literature review.

How the Two Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue Chosen

These articles provide helpful information that can be applied in answering the PICOT question on diabetes. The issue is type 2 diabetes. From the research articles, there are literature reviews consisting of advanced information required in the understanding of the topic and the main issues surrounding the PICOT question. Article I elaborates on the effective interventions that can be undertaken to reduce type 2 diabetes. Also, with the established outcomes from the research processes, the two articles provide elaborate and conclusive information that can be used to answer or address different aspects of the PICOT question. Article II elaborates on the physical activities or the exercise as one of the main practice of reducing type 2 diabetes.

The research question is well elaborated and it provides a conclusive information about the importance of physical activities on reducing type 2 diabetes. This can therefore be applied in the development of interventions required in the management of type 2 diabetes. Some of the physical activities movement that enhances the use of energy. Structured physical activities are always required to ensure effective outcomes (Hanley et al., 2015). Physical exercise often improves glucose control when it comes to the management of type 2 diabetes. Also, physical activities reduce cardiovascular risks which are also associated with the management of type 2 diabetes. Regular physical exercise can stop or delay type 2 diabetes.

How the Interventions and Comparison Groups in the Articles Compare To Those Identified in Your PICOT Question

The interventions and comparison groups from the two articles are comparable to the ones that have been identified in the PICOT statement. There is a high similarity between the comparison and the intervention groups in all the two articles identified for the study. The PICOT question is about type 2 diabetes or the best interventions required in the management of type two diabetes. The comparison in the groups in the two research articles serves as a source of counterfactual causal inference. The goal of the comparison group in the research articles and the ones in the PICOT question is to estimate the effects of treatment.

Method of Study

The two qualitative articles adhere to the qualitative approach. However, study II incorporates observational approaches to the institute findings on the basis of the objectives and the research questions. On the other hand, the qualitative study I applies survey techniques to establish significant findings. One of the benefits of the observational method of the qualitative research is that it is simpler and easier to use. The disadvantage of the method is that there is always lack of in-depth analysis leading to the lack of comprehensive outcomes.

Results of Study

The qualitative study II concludes that physical activities/ exercise reduce the cases of type 2 diabetes. In other words, physical exercise is one of the best interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes. From the information obtained from different sources, qualitative research article II concludes that the adoption and maintenance of physical activities are essential for the blood glucose management and overall health among the individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes (Latimer et al., 2017). The recommendations and precautions vary depending on individual characteristics and health status.

The two qualitative studies have different implications in the nursing practice. The studies facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills when it comes to the management of type 2 diabetes. In other words, the two studies provide new knowledge in the nursing practices and the understanding of the steps that ought to be undertaken to reduce health complications associated with type 2 diabetes.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are significant in the research processes. From the two qualitative research articles, there is the portrayal of confidentiality and respect for human dignity. These are some of the ethical considerations that have been applied in the two research articles. Before engaging in a research process, the acquisition of consent from the respondents is always necessary. Also, there is always the need to keep patients’ information safe so as to avoid the loss of important information. When undertaking the above qualitative studies, researchers adhered to the confidentiality of information which is considered to be one of the major ethical concerns. Also, they managed to do their studies in line with the requirements that protect human dignity, especially for the study participants.

References

Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., … & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(11), 2065-2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728

Hanley, J., Fairbrother, P., McCloughan, L., Pagliari, C., Paterson, M., Pinnock, H., … & McKinstry, B. (2015). Qualitative study of telemonitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. BMJ open, 5(12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008896

Latimer, S., Hewitt, J., Stanbrough, R., & McAndrew, R. (2017). Reducing medication errors: Teaching strategies that increase nursing students’ awareness of medication errors and their prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.004