NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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In nursing practice, accurate identification and application of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. The ability to articulate research data and summarize relevant content supports the student’s ability to further develop and synthesize the assignments that constitute the components of the capstone project.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

For this assignment, provide a synopsis of the review of the research literature. Using the “Literature Evaluation Table,” determine the level and strength of the evidence for each of the eight research articles you have selected. The articles should be current (within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. The articles may include quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed capstone project.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, whi

ch can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Sample Answer for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

The correct identification and use of research is essential in achieving successful outcomes in nursing practice. The capability to obtain data and appraise the peer-reviewed articles appropriately in a scholarly is critical in supporting the potential and confidence in students to create and blend complicated assignments that the capstone projects focus on. The current literature evaluation table seeks to identify and synthesize synthesis peer-reviewed articles on the significance of patient education throughout their hospital stay and their understanding of it before and after discharge on a medical-surgical floor.

The PICOT Question

In patients admitted to a medical-surgical floor (P) does patient education throughout the hospital stay and after discharge (I) compared to lack of education (C) improve health outcomes (O) in 12 months (T).

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3	Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Tweed, T. T., Woortman, C., Tummers, S., Bakens, M. J., van Bastelaar, J., & Stoot, J. H. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-021-03948-0.	Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. Journal of thoracic disease, DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.87.	van Diggele, C., Burgess, A., Roberts, C., & Mellis, C. BMC Medical Education https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02288-x	Burch, J., & Balfour, A. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33443-7_5
Article Title and Year Published	Reducing hospital stay for colorectal surgery in ERAS setting by means of perioperative patient education of expected day of discharge. Published in 2021.	Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans Published in 2018.	Leadership in healthcare education. Published in 2020	Preoperative patient education. In Enhanced Recovery after Surgery. Published in 2020
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	Does the perioperative education with an expected discharge date (EDD) reduce the length of stay (LOS)?	Implicit: Does Preoperative patient counseling help in making the patient a potentially active participant and the main character of his/her recovery and enable them to positively impact themselves throughout the surgical and healing process?	Hypothesis: Effective leadership is highly valued component of healthcare education, increasingly recognised as essential to the delivery of high standards of education, research and clinical practice	Why educating patients prior to surgery is essential and how? who should provide patient education?
Purposes/Aim of Study	To investigate possible reduction of length of stay (LOS) by perioperative education with an expected discharge date (EDD)	To evaluate patient information and care-plans in thoracic surgery, reviewing the available evidence on ERAS pathways, and demonstrating our ideal program as discussed and shared among the Italian Thoracic Surgery Units accredited in the video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) group.	To delve into the current theories of leadership and to explore leadership skills and roles within the context of healthcare education.	To determine why educating patients prior to surgery is essential and how and by whom it should be undertaken.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Quantitative study.	Qualitative study	Quantitative study	Qualitative study
Setting/Sample	578 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer	The setting is the Italian Thoracic Surgery Units.	The setting is healthcare industry	Surgical units within the healthcare settings.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments	A single-centre retrospective cohort analysis	Descriptive research design.	Descriptive research design.	Descriptive research design.
Analysis	All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS statistics software pro- gram, version 25.0	Analysis involved methods such as surveys, observations, and case studies.	Use of methods such as literature review, observations, and surveys.	Observations and literature review.
Key Findings	It is possible to reduce LOS within the ERAS program, by better perioperative education and expectation management of patients with use of an EDD.	Preoperative patient counseling is essential to achieving the goal of the ERAS project, which is making the patient the main character of his/her recovery, which is crucial in creating positive impacts in the surgical and healing process.	The future of nursing belongs to healthcare education leaders who demonstrate excellence in teamwork, clinical skills, patient-centered care, and responsibly balance accountability with autonomy.	Patient education empowers patients to be involved in their surgical pathway, which potentially results in a shorter hospital stay with fewer complications in hospital and after discharge home.
Recommendations	It is recommended to provide perioperative education of the expected day of discharge to help in reducing the length of hospital stay after colorectal surgery.	There is need of a multidisciplinary team comprising surgeon, anesthesiologist, dedicated nurse practitioner and physiotherapist to give the patient a complete understanding of each aspect of his disease process and hospital stay.	Provision of opportunities for leadership development is crucial in improving education sectors and health services, and effecting change.	There is need for more research to provide more details on the specifics involved in undertaking preoperative education.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project	This article supports the capstone change project by advocating for patient education after surgery.	This article supports the capstone change project by advocating for patient education through counseling in the surgical units.	This article supports the capstone change project by advancing the need for education in healthcare system.	This article supports the capstone change project by advancing the need for preoperative education in healthcare system.

Criteria	Article 5	Article 6	Article 7	Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Adugbire, B. A., & Aziato, L. BMC nursing. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-018-0299-6	Gröndahl, W., Muurinen, H., Katajisto, J., Suhonen, R., & Leino-Kilpi, H. BMJ open. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023108	Kang, E., Tobiano, G. A., Chaboyer, W., & Gillespie, B. M. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/jan.14379	Steves, S. L., & Scafide, K. N. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101981
Article Title and Year Published	Surgical patients’ perspectives on nurses’ education on post-operative care and follow up in Northern Ghana. Published in 2018	Perceived quality of nursing care and patient education: A cross-sectional study of hospitalised surgical patients in Finland. Published in 2019	Nurses’ role in delivering discharge education to general surgical patients: A qualitative study. Published in 2020	Multimedia in preoperative patient education for adults undergoing cancer surgery: A systematic review Published in 2021.
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	The study hypothesized that nurses’ education on post-operative care and follow up are critical in improving health outcomes.	Implicit: Does patient education lead to the quality of surgical nursing care in patients?	Implocit: Does provision of discharge education to general surgical patients improve the quality of life and health outcomes?	The study hypothesized that multimedia technology in the preoperative education of adult cancer patients could improve their health outcomes.
Purposes/Aim of Study	To explore surgical patients’ experiences of discharge planning and home care in the Northern part of Ghana.	To analyze the relationship between patient education and the quality of surgical nursing care as perceived by patients.	To explore nurses’ perceived role and experience in providing discharge education to general surgical patients.	To determine whether adequate research evidence exists to support utilizing multimedia technology in the preoperative education of adult cancer patients.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Exploratory and descriptive qualitative approach	A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with surgical patients	Qualitative study using focused groups	Qualitative study
Setting/Sample	15 participants aged between 23 and 65 years from a referral hospital located at the Northern part of Ghana	480 hospitalized surgical patients.	Semi-structured interviews of 21 nurses involved in delivering postoperative discharge education from August 2018 – July 2019.	9 studies obtained from database search.
Methods: Intervention/Instrument	All the interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim.	The data were collected using two structured instruments: One measuring the perceived quality of nursing care experienced by patients (Good Nursing Care Scale) and one measuring the received knowledge of hospital patients (RKhp)	Semi-structured interviews involving three focus groups and four individual interviews.	A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases.
Analysis	The principles of thematic content analysis according to were used to analyze data.	Data were analysed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics to describe the sample and study variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to analyse the association between the scales.	Interview data were analysed using inductive content analysis.	The research quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool specific to the study design.
Key Findings	Nurses are better placed to educate discharged patients on how to manage their health at home.	The quality of nursing care and patient education are interconnected. Thus, by improving patient education, the quality of nursing care can also be improved.	Assuming responsibility for patient education without proper discharge communication; supporting patients to participate in self-management after hospitalization; variability in the resources, content and delivery of discharge education; and meeting operational demands compromises the quality of patients’ discharge education.	Healthcare providers play a prominent role in both multimedia and traditional interventions, revealing the strong influence of the interpersonal connection in the delivery of preoperative education.
Recommendations	Nurses should improve communication and attitude to enhance care.	There is need to improve collaboration with family members and patients’ own management strategies as well as the multidimensionality of educational knowledge.	There is need to develop an understanding of nurses’ role in discharge education can inform policies and nursing practice to improve patients’ well-being and reduce the potential for unplanned and emergency care.	There is need to investigate whether to more interactive technology could improve patient outcomes.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone	This article supports the capstone project by advancing the need of nurses’ education on post-operative care and follow up.	This article supports the capstone project by supporting surgical patient education.	This article supports the capstone project by supporting discharge education in emergency care.	This article supports the capstone project by supporting preoperative education.

Conclusion

The literature evaluation table played a crucial role in providing summaries of the needed eight peer-reviewed articles. The summary of the articles entailed determination of the author, journal, working link to access article, article title, year published, research question, purpose, design, sample/setting, methodology, analysis, key findings, recommendations, and how the study supports the proposed capstone project.

References

Adugbire, B. A., & Aziato, L. (2018). Surgical patients’ perspectives on nurses’ education on post-operative care and follow up in Northern Ghana. BMC nursing, 17(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-018-0299-6

Burch, J., & Balfour, A. (2020). Preoperative patient education. In Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (pp. 37-49). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33443-7_5

Gröndahl, W., Muurinen, H., Katajisto, J., Suhonen, R., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2019). Perceived quality of nursing care and patient education: A cross-sectional study of hospitalised surgical patients in Finland. BMJ open, 9(4), e023108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023108

Kang, E., Tobiano, G. A., Chaboyer, W., & Gillespie, B. M. (2020). Nurses’ role in delivering discharge education to general surgical patients: A qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(7), 1698-1707. https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/jan.14379

Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. (2018). Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(Suppl 4), S512. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.87

Steves, S. L., & Scafide, K. N. (2021). Multimedia in preoperative patient education for adults undergoing cancer surgery: A systematic review. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 52, 101981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101981

Tweed, T. T., Woortman, C., Tummers, S., Bakens, M. J., van Bastelaar, J., & Stoot, J. H. (2021). Reducing hospital stay for colorectal surgery in ERAS setting by means of perioperative patient education of expected day of discharge. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 36(7), 1535-1542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-021-03948-0

van Diggele, C., Burgess, A., Roberts, C., & Mellis, C. (2020). Leadership in healthcare education. BMC Medical Education, 20(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02288-x

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

Summary of Clinical Issue:

Childhood obesity is still a global health problem. Despite the interventions that families, health care providers, and governments apply to control it, the rates continue soaring progressively. To a significant extent, changes in lifestyles are to blame for the rising obesity rates. In children, sedentary living has been a great undoing, with increased screen time and irregular sleep patterns noted as leading risk factors (Robinson et al., 2017). Besides unhealthy living, unhealthy eating impacts children profoundly as far as childhood obesity and nutritional problems are concerned. Thompson (2016) found that issues at the family level such as the inability to afford healthy foods and increased exposure to fast foods intensify the problem further. Given its severity, it is crucial to implement practical interventions to reduce the problem to manageable levels.

As the world tries controlling childhood obesity, many strategies have been applied. For instance, parents have been advised to keep their children active and ensure that they are free from fatty foods. As children continue using electronic gadgets, screen time should be limited as much as possible (Fang et al., 2018). Despite these proposals, the use of dietary interventions seems to be more productive than other interventions. The PICOT question shows the area of focus of the problem and the literature analysis shows useful research studies that support using dietary interventions to control childhood obesity.

PICOT Question: In school going children (P), what is the effect of dietary interventions (I) compared with physical activity (C) on reducing childhood obesity (O) within six months (T)?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Chen, Y., Ma, L., Ma, Y., Wang, H., Luo, J., Zhang, X., … & Zhu, Y. (2015). A national school-based health lifestyles interventions among Chinese children and adolescents against obesity: rationale, design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial in China. BMC public health, 15(1), 210. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-015-1516-9	Luque, V., Escribano, J., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Zaragoza-Jordana, M., Ferré, N., Grote, V., … & Gruszfeld, D. (2018). Unhealthy dietary patterns established in infancy track to mid-childhood: the EU childhood obesity project. The Journal of nutrition, 148(5), 752-759. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy025	Strauss, W. J., Nagaraja, J., Landgraf, A. J., Arteaga, S. S., Fawcett, S. B., Ritchie, L. D., … & Weber, S. A. (2018). The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: the Healthy Communities Study. Pediatric obesity, 13, 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12266
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	It examines the impact of school-based health lifestyle in obesity control in children	It shows the connection between dietary patterns and childhood obesity	It examines the relationship between community-based programs and BMI in children
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	Quantitative because it is a randomized control trial (RCT)	Qualitative since it is an exploratory factor analysis	Qualitative; it uses structured interviews
Purpose Statement	There is an urgent need to implement practical interventions to prevent childhood obesity.	Dietary practices established in infancy cause obesity and may persist into adulthood.	Community-based programs and policies can help to control childhood obesity.
Research Question	Can national school-based health lifestyle interventions help to prevent obesity?	Can childhood obesity be prevented by dietary interventions?	What is the longitudinal relationship between the intensity of community-based programs and policies with body mass index (BMI)?
Outcome	Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity	Food groups are accurate predictors of the risk towards or safety from childhood obesity	An significant difference between communities was observed as their CPPs’ intensities varied
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	Mainland China	EU Childhood Obesity project: Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, and Belgium	Among US communities
Sample	More than 70,000 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from 7 provinces in China.	1100 infants	1421 community key informants and 3227 children
Method	Randomized controlled trial	Exploratory factor analysis	Data comparison through structured interviews
Key Findings of the Study	School-based programs, including physical fitness and dietary interventions can control childhood obesity.	Childhood obesity is low in children consuming core minerals	Communities with the highest CPP intensity scores showed a significant reduction in the average BMI
Recommendations of the Researcher	Further research is crucial to examine how physical and nutritional interventions can work collaboratively.	Transition in diets is crucial as a child transitions from infancy to mid-childhood.	More intense CPP interventions are necessary to lower childhood BMI.

Criteria	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Seguin, R. A., Morgan, E. H., Hanson, K. L., Ammerman, A. S., Pitts, S. B. J., Kolodinsky, J., … & McGuirt, J. T. (2017). Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK): An innovative community supported agriculture intervention to prevent childhood obesity in low-income families and strengthen local agricultural economies. BMC public health, 17(1), 306. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-017-4202-2#Abs1	Campbell, K. J., Hesketh, K. D., McNaughton, S. A., Ball, K., McCallum, Z., Lynch, J., & Crawford, D. A. (2016). The extended Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) Program: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of an early intervention to prevent childhood obesity. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-10. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-2836-0	Taveras, E. M., Marshall, R., Kleinman, K. P., Gillman, M. W., Hacker, K., Horan, C. M., … & Simon, S. R. (2015). Comparative effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions in pediatric primary care: a cluster-randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics, 169(6), 535-542. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0182
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	Shows the connection between childhood obesity and the type of food a child consumes	Extends literature on the connection between dietary interventions and obesity.	Affirms that dietary interventions play a critical role in childhood obesity prevention.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	Qualitative; interviews with stakeholders take place.	Quantitative; it is a randomized control trial	Quantitative; it applies an experimental design.
Purpose Statement	Higher rates of childhood obesity in disadvantaged families stem from lack of access to healthy foods.	Early dietary interventions focused on the first two years have positive outcomes on controlling childhood obesity	Childhood obesity management should be multifaceted.
Research Question	Can tailored nutritional education and community supported agriculture participation for low-income families reduce childhood obesity?	How does early interventions focusing on nutrition help to control childhood obesity?	Can clinical intervention work individually in controlling obesity?
Outcome	Children’s intake of fruits and vegetables	Child weight and health across the life course	Changes in BMI in young populations
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	In community supported agriculture programs in New York, North Carolina, Vermont, and Washington.	Melbourne [infant program]	Massachusetts [care practices]
Sample	Not specified (stakeholders)	223 children	549 children
Method	Focus group and interviews	Randomized control trial	Cluster-randomized clinical trial
Key Findings of the Study	Improving dietary intake can improve the rates of childhood obesity	Early dietary interventions are critical in the control of childhood obesity.	Dietary and physical health interventions should be incorporated into the treatment plan.
Recommendations of the Researcher	Supporting communities to improve agricultural methods can help to control childhood obesity rates.	Innovative and cost-effective strategies targeting parents are essential.	Self-guided behavior change for families should be encouraged for better outcomes

References

Fang, K., Mu, M., Liu, K., & He, Y. (2019). Screen time and childhood overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Child: care, health and development, 45(5), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12701

Robinson, T. N., Banda, J. A., Hale, L., Lu, A. S., Fleming-Milici, F., Calvert, S. L., & Wartella, E. (2017). Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 140(Suppl 2), S97–S101. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758K

Thompson, T. (Ed.). (2016). Childhood obesity. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.

Sample Answer 3 for NRS 493 Topic 4 Literature Evaluation Table GCU

Incivility in nursing affects nurse’s productivity and mental health resulting in potential patient safety concerns. There is a need to adopt a program that increase awareness of incivility as well as cognitive rehearsal techniques to decrease perceived instances of uncivil behavior.

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3	Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Abdollahzadeh et al. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.205966	Armstrong. Workplace Health & Safety. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2165079918771106	Armstrong. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care. https://rnojournal.binghamton.edu/index.php/RNO/article/view/438/361	El-Amrosy et al. American Journal of Nursing. http://article.scinursingresearch.com/pdf/ajnr-7-6-21.pdf
Article Title and Year Published	How to Prevent Workplace Incivility?: Nurses’ Perspective. (2017)	Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review. (2018)	A quality improvement project measuring the effect of an evidence-based civility training program on nursing workplace incivility in a rural hospital using quantitative methods. (2017)	The Effect of Educational Intervention about Incivility on Psychological Wellbeing and Burnout among Nurses. (2019)
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	Incivility has a negative impact.	Which interventions are used to handle incivility in healthcare?	A civility training program should increase the staff nurses’ ability to recognize workplace incivility, reduce workplace incivility in a nursing unit, and increase confidence to respond to workplace incivility when it occurs.	Application of educational intervention about incivility will improve psychological wellbeing and decrease burnout among nurses.
Purposes/Aim of the Study	Determining how to prevent workplace incivility from the nurses’ perspective.	To critique and summarize the available evidence related to interventions to assist nursing staff working in health care settings to manage incivility. To help nurses and health care leaders have ready access to the best available evidence to combat incivility.	To implement a civility training program that includes education about incivility, teambuilding exercises, and experiential learning activities.	To evaluate the effect of educational intervention about incivility on psychological wellbeing and burnout among nurses.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Qualitative	Qualitative	Quantitative	Quantitative
Setting/Sample	Thirty-four nurses (25 to 52 years old) from seven training hospitals in Tabriz, Iran.	10 studies derived from CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.	The pilot project was open to all registered nurses, with an active license, hired to work on the evening shift from the closed wound care unit. Nine nurses participated.	50 nurses Menoufia Main university hospital.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments	The semi-structured interviews and field notes	Keywords like nursing” along with “incivility,” “bullying,” “lateral violence,” and “horizontal violence,” were used to execute the search.	Facilitated educational discussions about the workplace, teambuilding exercises, and experiential learning activities Incivility and questionnaires to collect data.	Educational intervention on nurse incivility and utilization of cognitive rehearsal. Questionnaire and Workplace Incivility Scale used to collect data.
Analysis	The interviews and notes were transcribed and the main themes and subthemes were abstracted.	An inclusion and exclusion criteria helped in getting the right. Only interventional research studies were included in the review and critique.	Data from the questionnaires were coded and analyzed using SPSS software.	Data were collected, tabulated, statistically analyzed using an IBM personal computer with Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
Key Findings	A comprehensive and systematic attempt is needed to prevent incivility.	Incivility training programs that included education about workplace incivility and its effects, a form of training about how to communicate when conflict arises assertively, and practice actively responding to incivility scenarios, either through cognitive rehearsal or some form of role-playing, appear to be the most effective way to help nurse improve their self-efficacy, as it pertains to workplace incivility.	There were no significant changes in the nurses’ experiences with incivility in their unit. Nurse confidence to establish and respond to incivility cases increased.	Acts of incivility are devastating to nurses, affecting their performance, mental health, and intention to remain with an organization or even within the profession of nursing
Recommendations	Nurses should try to improve their skills; officials should try to show the real image and position of nurses and hospitals to the community.	A particular program should be tested multiple times to get more specific recommendations about which program works best. Also, there needs to be more general research done about interventions to help nurses manage workplace incivility.	Training sessions should be completed away from the nursing unit or department, so that there are fewer distractions and more department members can participate at the same time.	To implement educational intervention about incivility throughout the organization to improve psychological well-being and decrease burnout among nurses
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project	The article indicates that a program on education and cognitive rehearsal is the most effective approach to reduce incivility in health care. it supports the Capstone project which aims at implementing similar programs.	The article supports the use of an educational intervention to empower nurses in handling incivility. The article also calls for multiple testing of an intervention to get more specific recommendations. The article shows that the proposed project is ideal.	The study uses an education program just like the proposed Capstone project. The study indicates no significant changes in nurse’s experiences on incivility. The views can be used to generate a hypothesis.	The study asserts that incivility negatively affects nurses. The author recommends the implementation of an educational intervention that resonates with the proposed project.

Criteria	Article 5	Article 6	Article 7	Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Roberts et al. Nurse Educator. https://stti.confex.com/stti/nerc18/webprogram/Paper89910.html	Smith et al. Journal of Nursing Management. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5851800/	Touzet et al. BMJ Open. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e031054	Warner et al. Nursing Management. DOI: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000475622.91398.c3
Article Title and Year Published	Peer training using cognitive rehearsal to promote a culture of safety in health care. (2018).	Association of the nurse work environment with nurse incivility in hospitals. (2018)	Impact of a comprehensive prevention program aimed at reducing incivility and verbal violence against healthcare workers in a French ophthalmic emergency department: an interrupted time-series study. (2019).	Decreasing workplace incivility. (2016)
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	Cognitive rehearsal training enhances the ability to recognize and respond to incivility.	What are the relationships between the nurse work environment, particularly the nurse manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses, and staffing and resource adequacy with coworker incivility among registered nurses working in hospitals?	A comprehensive prevention program prevents incivility and verbal violence against healthcare workers.	Interventions aimed at reducing incivility in the workplace are beneficial to nurses, healthcare organizations, and patients.
Purposes/Aim of the Study	To increase nursing students’ awareness of incivility, provide communication techniques to respond appropriately, and reinforce positive behaviors that promote a culture of safety.	To determine whether nurse coworker incivility is associated with the nurse work environment.	To assess the impact of a comprehensive prevention program aimed at preventing incivility and verbal violence against healthcare professionals working in the ophthalmology ED (OED) of a university hospital.	To provide training to elevate staff and management’s awareness of incivility and its consequences, and decrease the instances of perceived incivility.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Quantitative.	Quantitative	Quantitative	Quantitative
Setting/Sample	Students from one nursing program in the southeast.	A convenience sample of 283 nurses was recruited from 5 acute care hospitals within one U.S. Southwestern healthcare system	All patients admitted to the OED and those accompanying them and the OED team present during the day shift.	99 staff from an inpatient unit of a 60-bed orthopedic surgical specialty hospital located in the Midwestern United States
Methods: Intervention/Instruments	Effectiveness of a one-hour interactive and student peer-led civility training was compared to a three-hour didactic/interactive training provided by a nursing incivility expert.	Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model was used to frame this study.	The program was designed to address long waiting times and lack of information. It combined a computerized triage algorithm linked to a waiting room patient call system, signage to assist patients to navigate in the OED, educational messages broadcast in the waiting room, presence of a mediator, and video surveillance.	Management and staff were trained on incivility, cognitive rehearsal techniques, and the use of visual cue cards. Pre and post-survey were executed before and after the training.
Analysis	Descriptive statistics were evaluated using both survey results to compare responses between groups on both survey items.	Sample distribution for coworker incivility was assessed for normality using the Shapiro Wilk statistic.	A pre-post analysis to compare rates before and during the implementation of the prevention program using the χ² test was executed for all outcomes.	Data were analyzed using a software program. Outcome measures included the change in awareness of uncivil behavior and the change in the frequency of perceived instances of incivility.
Key Findings	Results of descriptive, inferential, and qualitative statistics support these two training methods for incivility.	The nurse work environment was significantly related to coworker incivility.	There was a significant reduction in self-reported incivility or verbal violence by healthcare workers following the implementation of a comprehensive prevention program.	General incivility was reduced after training on incivility and cognitive rehearsal techniques.
Recommendations	Perpetual peer training after initial expert training may provide an expert system for civility training cost-effectively with the added benefit of self-perpetuating high-quality student outcomes.	Nurses’ work environments warrant the attention of hospital administrators to achieve civil workplaces where nurses can focus on patient care.	Emergency departments should develop a comprehensive primary prevention program that integrates various environmental and patient-oriented components (organizational, educational, relational, and security).	A program that raises awareness of incivility, provides cognitive rehearsal techniques and resources and incorporates management can help decrease the perceived instances of uncivil behavior.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone	Training on cognitive rehearsal helps in creating a zero-tolerance program. The study proposes a similar training.	The article calls for the creation of civil workplaces to allow nurses to focus on patient care. a probable way of enhancing civility is through nurse empowerment as proposed by the project.	Education is a component of the comprehensive prevention program. It is therefore essential to educate health workers to handle incivility.	The study implemented similar interventions proposed by the capstone project. It offers a blueprint to follow when implementing the project.