NUR 705 Assignment 4.2: Systematic Article Review—Part II

NUR 705 Assignment 4.2: Systematic Article Review—Part II

NUR 705 Assignment 4.2: Systematic Article Review—Part II

Introduction

In Week 2, you selected an article for your systematic review critique. You should have been working on this critique of the article over the past week.

Assignment Guidelines

Use the 2009 Prisma checklist (PDF) (Links to an external site.) as a starting point for evaluating your chosen systematic review. This will be turned in with your paper.

Write a two- to three-page paper, using APA format, that includes the following:

• • Start your paper with a short introduction of the purpose of the paper.
  • Write a short summary on the topic of the systematic review.
  • Write about how the authors determined which studies they were going to include in the systematic review.
  • Was there a table included in the article? If so, what caught your eye as important comparisons to take away from the information presented?
  • Consider the limitations of the systematic review. Did the authors identify limitations of their review? After reading the review, what suggestions would you make to improve their methods?
  • Conclude your paper.

The article I selected is called “Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in children with diabetes mellitus: Data from a medical center in Ukraine.” This article reports a study done in western Ukraine. The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence of selective immunoglobulin A  deficiency (SIgAD) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). (Selective IgA deficiency is an immune system condition in which you lack or don’t have enough immunoglobulin A (IgA), a protein that fights infection) (MayoClinic.org). According to this article, SIgAD is one of the most common primary immunodeficiencies, and its prevalence ranges from 1:300 to 1:3000 depending o the population.  SIgAD is diagnosed in children older than four years with serum IgA below 7mg/dL, with normal immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M(IgM) and other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia and T cells defects ruled out.  In addition, the article also reports that this deficiency is a heterogeneous condition with a multifactorial mechanism and its pathogenesis is not completely understood and typically is associated with defects in B cells failing to produce IgA and T cell abnormalities and cytokine abnormalities also may play a role on this deficiency.

You may not quote directly from the article. All components of this paper must be summarized in your own words. For each critique, you will address the bulleted points in the form of a narrative, not by simply stating answers to questions. These are formal papers to assess your knowledge of the research process, APA format, and writing skills. They are to be written as a paper, with an introduction and a conclusion.

Remember:

• A critique is not meant to be criticism or praise, but an objective evaluation of the contents of an article. If a component is missing, do not try to “read between the lines”—it is either there or not. Identify both strengths and weaknesses.
• Correct APA format and writing style are expected for full credit on this assignment.

Turnitin

Your assignment will be scanned using Turnitin software. Turnitin is an online service that highlights matching text in written work. It

indexes Internet sources, databases of subscription services, and written work submitted through its website. Assignments sent through Turnitin are scanned against all of its sources, and a report is generated that summarizes and highlights matching text and where it was found. It is up to instructors and students to interpret the report to determine if plagiarism occurred.

You may submit your assignment to Turnitin before its due date to assess your work against Turnitin’s database. You may use the Originality Report’s results to address any originality concerns in your work and then resubmit your assignment for grading. You may only submit and resubmit until the assignment’s due date. Any work that has been submitted at the time the assignment is due will be considered your final submission, and this will be the submission used for grading.

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Submission

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Slide 1

Welcome everyone to week 3. In our first lecture this week we are going to talk about normal distributions. It’s a very important concept that we are going to carry with us throughout this class.

Slide 2

Now if you remember when we were talking about histograms I talked about these classic shapes that you can see, especially if you observe a lot of histograms you notice these shapes appearing over and over again. The one in the lower right corner that I have highlighted, the symmetric distribution, that is very prevalent, and we are going to change the name and refer to that as normal distributions. It normal distributions are essential in statistics and a very important, and they are important for a number of reasons so I want to outline those for you now.

Slide 3

One reason that normal distributions are important is that they are prevalent. You can literally see them almost everywhere. Here are just some examples that I have pulled out, but first physical performance is normally distributed so how long it takes a high school student to run a mile. If you’ve got that population data or even a large randomly drawn sample you would find that is normally distributed. How long elderly women can hold their breath—normally distributed. The range of motion scores in arthritic males—normally distributed. Other human features like the weight of the femur, white blood cell counts—normally distributed. Mental performance—any type of exams, the ACT score, the nursing licensure exam— normally distributed. Items found in nature—so the leaves on a tree, the number of kernels on an ear of corn, the height of an oak tree normally distributed. They are important because they are prevalent. We see them in the natural world, and by the way even in the man-made world if you know anybody involved in manufacturing—where I work in Peoria, Illinois, is the home of Caterpillar tractor, much of what they measure in their manufacturing process is normally distributed.

Slide 4

The second reason that normal distributions are important to statistics is that this assumption that you are drawing from a normally distributed population is fundamental to inferential statistics. It is an assumption that you will see repeated over and over again, and since it is so prevalent it is a fair assumption.

Slide 5

The final reason I want to talk to you about normal distributions being so important is that if you take multiple samples from a population and record their mean scores and make a distribution of those mean scores, that distribution will be normally distributed. It is such an important concept it is given its own term. We call that—when you create this distribution from multiple mean scores drawn from multiple samples we refer to that is a sampling distribution, so normal distributions are important to statistics because sampling distributions are normally distributed. We will visit that concept with the central limit theorem here in a week or two.

Slide 6

Now when we talk about normal distributions there is really a family of distributions. They all have some characteristics that they share that we are going to review here in a second, but their shapes aren’t identical. They have this general—we call it a Bell shaped. It is a curved shape. It somewhat resembles a bell, so sometimes they are called Bell curves. We are going to revert to them as normal distributions, but they can take on different shapes—some tall, thin and spiky; some short, fat and spread out, but they are all normal distributions and they all share some important characteristics that we are going to take a moment and review.

Slide 7

There are several important characteristics of normal distributions we need to review. I think your book refers to them as useful characteristics, so we can call it that. The first characteristic we’ve already talked about. It has that classic bell shaped, so it has that curved look to it. Again, it can be tall and thin or short and squat but it has that classic shape. The second characteristic is that the mean, the median and the load are all the same value. They are all equivalent to one another, and that value is found at the center of the distribution since it is the median and that center is also the peak of the distribution since it is the mode is so mean equals median equals mode. The third characteristic is that the curve is symmetric about the mean. It is basically a fancy way of saying that the right side mirrors the left side. Finally, the total area under the curve equals 1, and 1 here really a proportion. We are really meaning 100%—the total area we are going to say equals 1. That will become an important characteristic that we are going to build on in our next lecture.

Slide 8

The book talks about four useful characteristics. I want to add a fifth. The curve is theoretically continuous in both directions, so in theory mathematically it never touches the horizontal axis so it extends to infinity on both sides. Now impractical areas depending on what your unit of measure is, it may end. It may be impossible to get a score beyond a certain area, but mathematically that normal curve stretches to infinity on both the right side and the left side.