NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment  

NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment  

Grand Canyon University NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University  NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment                                   

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University   NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment                                   

 

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University   NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment                                   

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment                                   

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment                                   

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment

There is no question that nurses are on the frontline of healthcare on multiple levels. In the arena of pregnancy and postpartum care, nurses play a vital role in not only the assessment of mother and baby’s physical well-being, but mental and emotional well-being as well. Recent studies show that women who are at an increased risk for developing postpartum depression (PPD) can be identified prior to delivery and prior to developing the disorder (Mughal et al., 2022). Quite naturally, nurses are at in the perfect position to identify these women that may be at risk, recommend treatment or support, and maintain follow-up care. Currently, there are screening questionnaires such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) that are commonly completed by women post-delivery, often during the newborn well-check appointments.

The occurrence of medication administration errors hinders effective attainment of quality and safe patient care and outcomes. Medication administration errors are significant safety issue in health care sector, especially when there are different crises affecting healthcare and quality outcomes. The susceptibility of patients to medication administration errors increase with reduced number of healthcare workers against an increase in demand for services due to several factors. Medication administration errors (MAEs) increase the length of stay for critically ill patients and cost of care. Studies demonstrate that leveraging health information technologies that include barcode scanning and other interventions can reduce and prevent the occurrence of these events, especially among the critically ill patients. The purpose of this literature review is to offer a comparison of the articles that supports the evidence-based practice project of using health information technology to reduce the occurrence of medication administration errors among the critically ill patients. The review also identifies the methods used to search the literature and synthesizes it for effective understanding and use for the selected eight articles.

PICOT Statement

The use of health information technology can reduce and prevent the prevalence of medication administration errors (MAEs) among critically ill patients. The use of interventions like barcode scanning and electronic dispensation ensures that human errors that occur during medication dispensation are reduced or minimized, especially the critically-ill patients in different health settings.

PICOT Question for the Evidence-Based Practice Project

Among the critically ill patients (P), does the integration of health information technology (I) compared to conventional medication administration process (C), lead to a reduction in medication administration errors (O) during patient’s stay (T)?

Search Methods of the Literature

Effective search of articles comprises of using appropriate approaches and terms that align with the topic of interest. In this assignment, I employed different yet related strategies to search for the articles that support the EBP project. These included using institutional library to get databases of journals and their published peer-reviewed articles. I used terms like “peer review” and “scholarly works” about medication administration errors. Through these approaches, I obtained the articles that I used in providing this literature review as they support my EBP project. I also ensured that the article meet the criteria of being published within the last five years and are relevant to the nursing context and use.

Synthesis of Literature

Article 1

The first article is by Alotaibi and Federico (2012) who discuss the impacts of health information technology on patient safety. Through a review of present scientific evidence on the effects of health information technologies on improving patient safety, the authors demonstrate the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing medication administration errors. Their findings support the implementation of health information technology to reduce medication errors and mitigate adverse events while increasing compliance to established guidelines in nursing practice. The article supports the PICOT as it shows the interventions that can be used to improve quality care and enhance overall patient safety. The article also supports the PICOT by showing the time frame that facilities can use to attain the benefits of these interventions.

Article 2

The second article by Barakat and Franklin (2020) focuses on the effects of using barcode medication administration (BCMA) on nursing practice activity and workflow. The authors use a qualitative study design in two surgical wards at a large acute facility in London. Through observations, the authors found that BCMA increased the nursing workflow, patient verification and efficiencies in medication administration. The authors are emphatic that the use of barcode and other health information technologies can enhance care delivery by minimizing occurrence of medication administration errors. The article supports the PICOT as it addresses how nurse practitioners handling critically ill patients can use technology-based interventions to enhance workflow and increase efficiencies aimed at mitigating MAEs.

Article 3

The third article is by Alomari et al. (2020) which evaluates the effectiveness of nurse-based interventions in reducing medication errors in pediatric wards. The authors investigate the effects of using bundled interventions to reduce medication administration errors. The author also focused on enhancing nurses’ perspective of medication administration process. Using a quantitative research approach in their selected settings, the authors shows through phased action research that these interventions, including use of health information technology, can reduce medication errors by over 60%. The authors emphasize that these benefits are not impacted by tan increase in the number of patients and prescribed medications. The article supports the PICOT question and statement as it shows the duration and interventions that can be implemented by nursing staff and other professionals to reduce and prevent the occurrence of medication administration errors.

Article 4

The fourth study by Devin et al. (2020) focuses on the effects of health information technologies in reducing prescribing errors in hospitals. The authors also focus on behavioral change techniques linked to HIT implementation that can reduce occurrence of medication errors. using a qualitative approach in different settings, the authors show that HIT prescribing reduces medication errors, especially prescribing errors. The authors’ findings emphasize the need for providers to integrate different approaches to ensuring that medication errors do not occur during the entire medication process. The article supports the EBP PICOT statement as it integrates the use of health information technology as a critical intervention to reducing medication administration errors.

Article 5

The fifth article by Zadvinski et al. (2018) explores the experience of nurses working with health information technology over time in their facilities. Using a longitudinal qualitative study design, the authors demonstrate the effects of nurses embracing technologies in a medical-surgical unit for a period of 18 months. The findings show that personal and organizational issues impact the adoption of HIT. The findings show that change of perception of these technologies is essential in attaining their intended benefits to the organization and patient safety goals. The article supports the PICOT statement as it shows that implementing health information technologies requires time for quality outcomes. Leveraging organizational policies and enhances the ability of nurses to adopt and use these technologies to enhance patient safety and quality outcomes.

Article 6

The study by Naidu and Alicia (2019) aims at evaluating the use of barcode medication administration and electronic medication administration records (e-MAR), outcomes, practice and policies and their effects on nurses in the medication administration duties in their nursing practice areas. Through an annotated literature review, the authors’ findings demonstrate that compliance to these interventions enhance patient safety and reduces reported medication administration errors. The use of these practices and policies also improves the efficiency of the BCMA system. The article is essential as it supports the PICOT by discussing the use of the health information technologies as interventions to reducing and preventing the prevalence of medication administration errors.

Article 7

The study by Jheeta and Franklin (2017) focuses on the how hospital electronic prescribing and medication administration system can enhance medication administration safety. Through an observational design, the authors show that implementation of these interventions encourages the occurrence of certain errors but also mitigates others. The implication is that using these interventions helps in reducing errors and enhancing patient safety. The article supports the PICOT statement as it emphasizes the need to use effective interventions and encourage their applications among all stakeholders in healthcare systems.

Article 8

The article by Härkänen et al. (2019) provides an analytical perspective of reported medication errors and their associated mortality in England and Wales for a period of nine years. The authors analyze medication errors in acute care that lead to death, identify the used drugs and describe the associated characteristics of the medication administration errors. Their findings show that most of deaths occurring due to medication administration errors happen in inpatients and among patients aged over 75 years with errors of omission being the most common form. The article supports the PICOT as it shows that medication errors occur due to several factors and should be addressed through integration of health information technologies.

Comparison of the Articles

The most prevalent issue in all these articles is the adoption of different health information technologies in mitigating and reducing the occurrence of medication administration errors (MAEs). Using an evidence-based practice approach, most of the articles demonstrate the effectiveness of having protocols and policies that supplement the use of technology in healthcare settings among healthcare workers. A majority of these articles use systematic reviews as they are considered the best level of evidence, especially in EBP projects. These reviews provide different interventions that healthcare providers can use to integrate health information technologies and reduce and prevent the occurrence of medication administration errors.

The main themes in these articles include use of medication administration processes, medication administration errors’ occurrence, the role of healthcare workers in embracing these interventions, and the effectiveness of the approaches to reduce medication administration errors. Some of the articles like the one by Jheeta and Franklin (2017) don not emphasize the effectiveness of health information technology in mitigating MAEs. However, the article emphasizes the need to have a multifaceted approach to the use of technologies to enhance care delivery. Each of the article has its unique shortcomings and areas not addressed. However, a common theme also emerges about the need to conduct further research to validate the outcomes and effectiveness of health information technology approaches to reduce and prevent medication administration errors, especially in acute care settings. Each of the article does not contain any controversy as the researchers complied with established guidelines to enhance validity and reliability.

Suggestions for Future Research

A majority of these articles recommend the need for further research on different aspects of the topic. The authors are categorical that while their studies offer evidence based on their research, it is imperative to conduct more studies on different aspects of these technologies to ascertain their overall effectiveness in addressing the issue under consideration (Alomari et al., 2020; Alotaibi & Federico, 2017). Gaps in effective research illustrating the interactions among various interventions and outcomes may require more approaches for better implementation of suggested approaches.

Conclusion

Medication administration errors (MAEs) remain a core concern in attaining better patient safety levels in different care settings. These events affect the quality of care and safety, especially for critically ill patients in hospitals who die for other causes other than their afflicted conditions. Therefore, stakeholders need interventions that leverage the best practices to reduce and prevent the occurrence of these events. The findings from these articles demonstrate the need for nurses and other healthcare workers to implement evidence-based practice interventions to reduce medication administration errors (MAEs). The selected articles show the need for enhance patient care and safety for better outcomes.

References

Alomari, A., Sheppard-Law, S., Lewis, J. & Wilson, V. (2020). Effectiveness of Clinical Nurses’

interventions in reducing medication errors in a pediatric ward. The Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17-18): 3403-3413. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15374

Alotaibi, Y. K. & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient

safety. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(12):1173-1180. doi: 10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631

Barakat, S. & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and

Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy (Basel), 8(3):148.  doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Devin, J., Cleary, B. J. & Cullinan, S. (2020). The impact of health information technology on

prescribing errors in hospitals: a systematic review and behavior change technique analysis. BMC Systematic Reviews, 9(275). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01510-7

Jheeta, S. & Franklin, B. D. (2017). The impact of a hospital electronic prescribing and

medication administration system on medication administration safety: an observational study. BMC Health Services Research, 17(547). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2462-2

Härkänen, M., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., & Franklin, B. D.

(2019). Medication administration errors and mortality: Incidents reported in England and Wales between 2007 ̶ 2016. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(7), 858-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.010

Naidu, M.  and Alicia, Y.L.Y. (2019). Impact of Bar-Code Medication Administration and

Electronic Medication Administration Record System in Clinical Practice for an Effective Medication Administration Process. Health, 11, 511-526. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.115044

Zadvinskis, I. M., Smith, J. G., & Yen, P. Y. (2018). Nurses’ experience with health information

technology: Longitudinal qualitative study. JMIR medical informatics, 6(2), e38. doi: 10.2196/medinform.8734

In order to formulate your evidence-based practice (EBP), you need to assess your organization. In this assignment, you will be responsible for setting the stage for EBP. This assignment is conducted in two parts: an organizational cultural and readiness assessment and the proposal/problem statement and literature review, which you completed in NUR-550.

Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment

It is essential to understand the culture of the organization in order to begin assessing its readiness for EBP implementation. Select an appropriate organizational culture survey tool and use this instrument to assess the organization’s readiness.

Develop an analysis of 250 words from the results of the survey, addressing your organization’s readiness level, possible project barriers and facilitators, and how to integrate clinical inquiry, providing strategies that strengthen the organization’s weaker areas.

Make sure to include the rationale for the survey category scores that were significantly high and low, incorporating details or examples. Explain how to integrate clinical inquiry into the organization.

Submit a summary of your results. The actual survey results do not need to be included.

Section B: Proposal/Problem Statement and Literature Review

In NUR-550, you developed a PICOT statement and literature review for a population quality initiative. In 500-750 words, include the following:

Refine your PICOT into a proposal or problem statement.

Provide a summary of the research you conducted to support your PICOT, including subjects, methods, key findings, and limitations.

General Guidelines:

You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Note: After submitting the assignment, you will receive feedback from the instructor. Use this feedback to make revisions for your final paper submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

Sample Answer 2 for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment

Successful implementation of evidence-based practice projects is important for organizational success. Organizational factors such as support from leadership and management are the critical determinants for the successful implementation of evidence-based practice projects. Therefore, this paper is an examination of the organizational readiness and culture assessment to determine its ability to support the proposed change. The second section is a review of literature to refine the PICOT of the project.

Part A

The organizational readiness assessment was done using a tool developed by Buldingmovement.org. The tool examines the level of readiness as well as culture of health organizations in relation to the implementation of evidence-based practice interventions. The tool examines different organizational aspects that include vision, mission and goals, leadership and governance and staff. The assessment results showed that the hospital is ready to implement the proposed change. The readiness could be seen from the staffs scoring most of the responses in the assessment tool as either true or developing or in process. The assessment areas that had the highest scores in the tool included vision, mission and goals and staff sections. The high scores in the vision, mission and goals section were seen in the statements that included the organization having a written vision statement that staff, leadership and board understand and guides the organizational tasks. High scores were also seen in the statement about the mission statement being written in the organization and staffs, leaders, managers and board understand it, as it guides their actions. The statements that had the highest scores in the staff section included staffs being well-informed about the needs of those they serve, seeking contributions from others and expressing their awareness about the needs of others (Buildingmovement.org, n.d.).

The organization scored poorly in the leadership and governance section. The poor score in this section led to the identification of organizational weaknesses and possible barriers such as leadership and governance not be informed about the needs of the staffs and other stakeholders, not seeking input and contribution from others and not being adequately open for new ideas. Based on this, the organization seeks to address the weakness by introducing new leadership styles that emphasis stakeholder involvement and prioritization of their needs in strategy development. Therefore, clinical inquiry will be incorporated into the organization by creating a culture that supports continuous learning, innovation and focusing on organizational strengths and opportunities to minimize barriers and weaknesses.

Part B

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent problem affecting the majority of African American populations. According to Mitchell et al., (2020), African Americans experience a disproportionate high rate of diabetes mellitus type 2 than non-Hispanic whites in America. African Americans are two times highly likely to be affected by diabetes when compared to non-Hispanic whites in the state (Mitchell et al., 2020). Diabetes mellitus type 2 is highly associated with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that include smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, poor dietary habits and genetics (Joseph et al., 2017). The health risks of diabetes such as diabetic foot, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia can be managed and prevented effectively using community-based interventions such as nutritional education and physical activity. According to Soltero et al., (2018), community-based diabetes prevention intervention led to an improvement in insulin sensitivity, weight specific quality of life and reduction in the BMI among youths that were obese and at risk of diabetes. A systematic review performed by Shirinzadeh et al., (2019) showed that the use of community-based nutrition and physical activity programs were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing diabetes. There was also a significant reduction in body mass index, weight and weight circumference in the participants in the intervention groups (Shirinzadeh et al., 2019). Similar outcomes can be seen in the studies by Maheri et al., (2017) and Smith et al., (2019). Therefore, based on the results of the review, the refined PICOT statement is as follows:

In African American patients with diabetes, does the use of community-based programs that focus on physical activity and nutritional interventions result in improvement in treatment outcomes and complications when compared to no use within a period of six months?

Conclusion

Overall, the readiness assessment showed that our hospital is ready to implement the proposed evidence-based practice project. A focus will be placed on the strengths of the organization and its opportunities to minimize the effects of threats and weaknesses that it has. The review of literature supports the use of community-based interventions to improve the treatment outcomes in diabetes mellitus type 2. Therefore, it is anticipated that the organization will support the implementation of the project.

References

Buildingmovement.org. (n.d.). Organizational Readiness Assessment. Retrieved from http://www.buildingmovement.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Organizational_Readiness_Assessment_Tool.pdf

Joseph, J. J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Talegawkar, S. A., Effoe, V. S., Okhomina, V., Carnethon, M. R., Hsueh, W. A., & Golden, S. H. (2017). Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors and Incident Diabetes in African Americans. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(5), e165–e174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.018

Maheri, A., Asnaashari, M., Joveini, H., Tol, A., Firouzian, A. A., & Rohban, A. (2017). The impact of educational intervention on physical activity, nutrition and laboratory parameters in type II diabetic patients. Electronic Physician, 9(4), 4207–4214. https://doi.org/10.19082/4207

Mitchell, F. M., Sangalang, C., Lechuga-Peña, S., Lopez, K., & Beccera, D. (2020). Health Inequities in Historical Context: A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Diabetes among African Americans and American Indians. Race and Social Problems, 12(4), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09301-4

Shirinzadeh, M., Afshin-Pour, B., Angeles, R., Gaber, J., & Agarwal, G. (2019). The effect of community-based programs on diabetes prevention in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 15(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0451-4

Smith, J. R., Greaves, C. J., Thompson, J. L., Taylor, R. S., Jones, M., Armstrong, R., Moorlock, S., Griffin, A., Solomon-Moore, E., Biddle, M. S. Y., Price, L., & Abraham, C. (2019). The community-based prevention of diabetes (ComPoD) study: A randomised, waiting list controlled trial of a voluntary sector-led diabetes prevention programme. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0877-3

Soltero, E. G., Olson, M. L., Williams, A. N., Konopken, Y. P., Castro, F. G., Arcoleo, K. J., Keller, C. S., Patrick, D. L., Ayers, S. L., Barraza, E., & Shaibi, G. Q. (2018). Effects of a Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Latino Youth with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity, 26(12), 1856–1865. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22300

Sample Answer 3 for NUR 590 Evidence Based Practice Project Week 2 Assignment

Evidence-based practices (EBP) are increasingly adopted by the health care organizations to help in maximizing patient outcomes and ensure provision of patient-oriented, quality care. Essentially, a meaningful adoption of EBP can be realized when the health care organization is ready and able to recognize the limitations and facilitators that may influence the process of EBP implementation (Schaefer & Welton, 2018).Therefore, to foster the implementation of the current EBP project at the VA healthcare system, the Norwegian version of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) will be used as a tool to assess the organizational readiness for EBP (Egeland et al., 2016). The assessment revealed that VA healthcare system was ready for new EBP implementation.

Barriers and Facilitators

The major project barriers included lack of commitment to EBP adoption by the health care staff. Moreover, time limitation impeded the implementation of the project. This is due to overwhelming workload, which cannot allow the staff to review the emerging evidence. As a result, there was inadequate experience in EBP application. Conversely, the facilitators of the project included availability of existing providers who were ready to promote the EBP. Moreover, the project enjoyed management support.

High Scores and Low Scores

Concerning the high scores, the EBPAS assessment tool comprises of 19 categories and the VA healthcare system showed exemplary performance in 12 categories. Among the best scored categories included management support and the willingness by the health care providers to adopt EBP (Egeland et al., 2016). Contrarily, low scores were demonstrated in six categories, with major one being inadequacy of leading professionals in EBP implementation such as librarians to direct nurses and other providers on EBP implementation.

Integration of Clinical Inquiry

To optimize application of EBP, healthcare providers in VA health care system will be provided with training on EBP to encourage them and increase their confidence. The training will be crucial in identifying and working on areas that need improvement. Moreover, a study will be performed on the areas that need improvement to identify potential solutions to improve in them. Consequently, policy to direct EBP implementation will be designed to help in adopting the identified solutions.

Section B: Proposal/Problem Statement and Literature Review

Refining PICOT into Problem Statement

The focus of this project was on training on mindfulness meditation in nursing. Currently, the health care environment is complex, technologically laden, and highly stressful, which interferes with the ability of nurses to fully discharge their duties. This intricate nature of nursing practice and the adverse working conditions leads to risk of stress and burnout among nurses. In particular, the stress in nurses is attributed to many factors such as poor shift rotation, heavy workload, failing to reward or acknowledge nurses, intricate interpersonal relationships, and continuous need of knowledge. Consequently, the complex, technologically laden, and highly stressful environment reduces the ability of nurses to fully operate as required, especially during patient interactions. As a result, nurses lose attention (mindlessness) in provision of patient care, which leads to an environment where a nurse can make clinical decision without a thoughtful, conscious determination of the situation at hand (Sankoet al., 2016). As such, this EBP project sought to advance cultivation of mindfulness mediation among nurse professionals. Mindfulness mediation is believed to have capability to enhance nurses’ empathy, overall attention, and presence with patients and families. Since this paper sought to synthesize the research on mindfulness mediation into problem statement and literature review and create a refined PICOT statement. The refined PICOT statement would be:In nurses (P), does training on Mindfulness meditation (I), compared to no intervention (C), reduce stress levels (O) within six months (T)?

There are many studies that have been performed that can support the refined PICOT statement. Janssen et al. (2018) performed an exploratory study with the aim of getting an in-depth understanding of the influence of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on the mental health of employees. The study involved systematic review of databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL to find studies on the impact of MBSR and MBCT on different aspects of mental health. The key finding in the study is that MBSR leads to reduction in stress, depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and occupational stress. Employees who exercise personal achievement, mindfulness, relaxation, quality of sleep, and self-care also recorded positive changes. However, the limitation of the study is the use of different methodological quality study levels.

Kriakous et al. (2020) sought to inform the current evidence-based practice and enhance knowledge on the value of MBSR on enhancing the psychological functioning of health care professionals. The study involved systematic review to explore qualitative studies, pre-post designs, randomized controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials with follow-up period of 12 months. The major finding in this study is that MBSR significantly reduces the experiences of depression, stress, and anxiety among the health care professionals and also increases their levels of self-compassion and mindfulness. However, the study also revealed that MBSR cannot effectively minimize burnout or enhance resilience. The limitation of this study is use of weak systematic literature review to moderate quality articles and used small sample sizes and self-selected samples.

Lin et al.  (2019) conducted a study to determine the influence of a modified MBSR program on stress, affect, and the resilience level among nurses in general hospitals in mainland China. A randomized controlled trial was utilized through random assignment of 110 nurses to intervention and control groups. The results indicated that intervention group showed lower levels of stress, and improved positive affect, high levels of resilience. The limitations of the study include utilization of small sample size, which can result in challenges in validity of the study. The convenient sampling method used in identifying hospitals can also limit the representation of sample population.

In Penque (2019), the aim was to assess the impact of MBSR on work-related factors such as empathy, mindfulness, work satisfaction, serenity, job burnout, incidental overtime, and self-care. The study used mixed methods such as longitudinal, correlational, quasi-experimental, and pre-test and post-test. The study was conducted among 61 RNs employed at a 619-bed tertiary care hospital located in the upper mid-western US. The major finding is that MBSR reduces burnout and enhance particular psychological factors such as mindfulness, self-compassion, and serenity among nurses. The limitation of the study included lack of comparison group and limitation of sample population in one geographical area, which limits generalizability.

Van der Riet et al. (2018) conducted a study to critically assess the literature on the effectiveness of mindfulness mediation programs on nurses and nursing students. The study reviewed literature using databases such as EMBASE, ERIC, SCOPUS, Medline, EMCORE, CINAHAL, and PsycINFO. The findings revealed that mindfulness mediation have positive impact on nurses and nursing students by improving anxiety, welfare, empathy, depression, burnout, and stress. However, the limitation of this study includes review of studies that employed small sample size, which reduces the representativeness and generalizability of the outcomes.

Conclusion

Based on the EBPAS assessment conducted, VA healthcare system is ready to adopt the EBP project on mindfulness meditation in nursing. However, the adoption of EBP faces barriers such as lack of commitment by the staff and time limitation. On the other hand, the facilitators include availability of existing providers who were ready to promote the EBP and management support. To optimize application of EBP, healthcare providers in VA health care system will be provided with training on EBP to encourage them and increase their confidence. Overall, this EBP project sought to advance cultivation of mindfulness mediation among nurse professionals to enhance nurses’ empathy, overall attention, and presence with patients and families.

References

Egeland, K. M., Ruud, T., Ogden, T., Lindstrøm, J. C., & Heiervang, K. S. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS): to measure implementation readiness. Health research policy and systems, 14(1), 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-016-0114-3

Janssen, M., Heerkens, Y., Kuijer, W., van der Heijden, B., & Engels, J. (2018). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on employees’ mental health: A systematic review. PloS one, 13(1), e0191332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191332

Kriakous, S. A., Elliott, K. A., Lamers, C., & Owen, R. (2020). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review. Mindfulness, 1–28. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01500-9

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