NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Walden University NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Advanced Pathophysiology
Although they are complimentary, males and women have vastly different reproductive systems. Because the reproductive systems of both genders might be affected by remote events, it is difficult for an inexperienced clinician to make a reliable diagnosis due to differences in anatomy and physiology. The female reproductive system is particularly perplexing since the symptoms may appear to be those of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), yet the true disease lies elsewhere. To establish the diagnosis, the clinician must be skilled in gleaning subjective information and interpretation of physical examination and laboratory evidence. The purpose of this paper is to respond to diagnostic questions about a 32-year-old woman who appears with a fever, left lower quadrant (LLQ) discomfort, symmetrical back pain, foul-smelling p.v. discharge, and other complaints.
Sexually Transmitted Infections as a Factor that Affects Fertility
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major cause of infertility in females like the one in the case study. This is particularly true for STIs that have been left untreated for an extended period of time. If not treated promptly, STIs can create scars in the reproductive organs, which can compromise the reproductive tract’s functionality. The inflammatory process leaves scar tissue that contracts and clogs the tubes when the STI’s infectious process ascends upwards into the female’s Fallopian tubes. Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes chlamydia, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, are two organisms that have been linked to infertility (Hammer & McPhee, 2018). Tsevat et al. (2017) define infertility as a woman’s inability to conceive after at least 12 months of continuous unprotected intercourse without using contraceptives.
The Reason Why Inflammatory Markers Rise in Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease or PID
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker that is commonly used to assess if the body is undergoing an
infectious process. A value of more than 10 mg/L is concerning and indicates that the patient should be investigated further to find the source of the inflammation. The patient in this case had a foul-smelling vaginal discharge and a CRP level of 67 mg/L, which is quite high. Inflammation is the cause of increased levels of inflammatory indicators such as CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR, in females with PID and STIs. Some specific markers are recognized to be diagnostically predictive of certain illnesses. The CA-125 protein, for example, can indicate a diagnosis of PID and ovarian cancer. The STIs gonorrhea and chlamydia, according to Park et al. (2017), produce an increase in the inflammatory markers CRP, ESR, and CA-125.
Causes of a Systemic Reaction
A localized reaction occurs when a reaction only affects one part of the body. A systemic reaction occurs when inflammation extends from a limited location of one organ (such as the ovaries) to other organ systems in the body. Toxins, allergies, and infections can all cause inflammation. Sepsis is one example of a systemic reaction and may result from an untreated STI that has spread to become a PID (Hammer & McPhee, 2018). Sepsis will result to septic shock and is a life-threatening medical emergency.
The Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia or ITP and the Need for Splenectomy
Low platelet count or thrombocytopenia characterizes immune thrombocytopenia, or ITP. The cause is an autoimmune reaction in which the spleen produces antibodies against platelets. Platelets are also removed from the blood by the spleen. As a result of the thrombocytopenia, the ITP patient will experience major bleeding episodes. Although pharmacotherapy with medicines like rituximab can help, splenectomy is the best option for ITP patients (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). It gets rid of the platelet sequestration center, as well as the source of autoimmunity.
Different Types of Anemia
The amount of hemoglobin (Hb) in a person’s blood affects whether or not they have anemia. Because hemoglobin is carried in erythrocytes or red blood cells, a complete blood count (CBC) will reveal whether or not the patient is anemic. Aplastic anemia, iron-deficiency anemia or microcytic anemia, macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia, and haemolytic anemia or sickle cell anemia are among the numerous kinds of anemia, according to Hammer and McPhee (2018).
Conclusion
Treating reproductive disorders in females requires deeper clinical acumen to come up with the correct diagnosis. This is because of the intricate nature of the female reproductive system. Presentations such as vaginal discharge often mimic several possible conditions. Males also have their intricacies especially to do with the prostate gland that surrounds a part of the urethra and has a duct leading to its lumen. Apart from conditions of the reproductive systems, this paper has also discussed matters to do with inflammatory markers, immune thrombocytopenic purpura or ITP and the need for splenectomy; as well as the different types of anemia.
References
Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D.M., McCrae, K.R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: Down but not out. Blood, 131(11), 1172-1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-09-742353
Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.
Park, S.T., Lee, S.W., Kim, M.J., Kang, Y.M., Moon, H.M., & Rhim, C.C. (2017). Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease. BMC Women’s Health, 17(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0356-9
Tsevat, D.G., Wiesenfeld, H.C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J.F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(1), 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.08.008
Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Various factors affect fertility. The presence of the STDs such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea are examples of some of the common forms of STDs that lead to infertility in a person. The reason inflammatory markers tend to rise in STD/PID is the high level of white cell count. The high level of white cells count indicates that the pelvic inflammatory disease is excessively severe (Low, N. & Broutet N. J. 2017). Hence, the inflammatory response is an indication of the presence of an infection and is a response as the first line of defense (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).
Acute bacterial prostatitis is caused by the presence of common strains of bacteria. The infections begin when the bacteria that are present in the urine find their way onto the prostate area. Most of the time, the common forms of treatment entail antibiotics to ensure that the infection is effectively treated. Notably, prostate massage should not be performed for patients that have acute prostatitis condition, given that it will end up causing sepsis (Le, 2016). It is rare to witness sepsis that arises from prostatitis but can occur among patients whose immunity has been compromised.
A patient that has been diagnosed with ITP needs splenectomy given that the immune system of the patient treats the platelets as foreign material to the body and hence will destroy them. The spleen is the part that is responsible for the removal of the damaged platelets from the body. For this reason, removing the spleen of the patient is a strategy that will ensure that there are more platelets in the body (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).
The presence of macrocytic anemia is an indication that the red blood cells have low levels of hemoglobin in the body. Hemoglobin is a form of protein that contains high levels of iron that is responsible for the transportation of oxygen around the body. The underlying causes of macrocytic anemia include deficiency in B-12 or folate in the body (Le, 2016). For this reason, the condition is sometimes called vitamin deficiency anemia.
Microcytic anemia is defined as a state in which there is the presence of small and hypochromic red blood cells in the peripheral of the blood smear that is characterized by a low level of the MCV. A low level of MVC means less than 83 microns 3. Hence, the most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency.
The different kinds of anemia include:
- Hypochromic microcytic anemias include iron-deficient anemia, thalassemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
- Normochromic microcytic anemia
- Anemia of inflammation of chronic diseases including infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Hypochromic microcytic anemias are caused by a genetic condition that is regarded as congenital spherocytic anemia.
Other causes of microcytic anemia include:
- Lead toxicity
- Copper deficiency
- Excess zinc leading to deficiency in copper
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
References
Chaparro, C. M., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092
Le, C. H. (2016). The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the US population (NHANES 2003-2012). PLOS ONE, 11(11), e0166635. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166635
Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481
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Case Study Analysis
An understanding of the factors surrounding women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders can be critically important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these areas. This importance is magnified by the fact that some diseases and disorders manifest differently based on the sex of the patient.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond the human systems involved. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact..
An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in systems based on these characteristics is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
Resources
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:
- The factors that affect fertility (STDs).
- Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.
- Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.
- Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.
- Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic).
By day 7 of Week 10
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10.
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates
Links to an external site.). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
submission information
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
- To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD7Assgn1_LastName_Firstinitial
- Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
- Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
Rubric
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Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following as it relates to the case you were assigned (omit section that does not pertain to your case, faculty will give full points for that section):Explain the factors that affect fertility (STDs) |
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Explain why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID |
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Explain why prostatitis and infection happen. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction. |
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Explain why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP. |
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Explain anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic). |
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Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. |
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Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
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Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. |
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Total Points: 100
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Sample Answer 3 for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Various factors affect fertility. The presence of the STDs such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea are examples of some of the common forms of STDs that lead to infertility in a person. The reason inflammatory markers tend to rise in STD/PID is the high level of white cell count. The high level of white cells count indicates that the pelvic inflammatory disease is excessively severe (Low, N. & Broutet N. J. 2017). Hence, the inflammatory response is an indication of the presence of an infection and is a response as the first line of defense (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).
Acute bacterial prostatitis is caused by the presence of common strains of bacteria. The infections begin when the bacteria that are present in the urine find their way onto the prostate area. Most of the time, the common forms of treatment entail antibiotics to ensure that the infection is effectively treated. Notably, prostate massage should not be performed for patients that have acute prostatitis condition, given that it will end up causing sepsis (Le, 2016). It is rare to witness sepsis that arises from prostatitis but can occur among patients whose immunity has been compromised.
A patient that has been diagnosed with ITP needs splenectomy given that the immune system of the patient treats the platelets as foreign material to the body and hence will destroy them. The spleen is the part that is responsible for the removal of the damaged platelets from the body. For this reason, removing the spleen of the patient is a strategy that will ensure that there are more platelets in the body (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).
The presence of macrocytic anemia is an indication that the red blood cells have low levels of hemoglobin in the body. Hemoglobin is a form of protein that contains high levels of iron that is responsible for the transportation of oxygen around the body. The underlying causes of macrocytic anemia include deficiency in B-12 or folate in the body (Le, 2016). For this reason, the condition is sometimes called vitamin deficiency anemia.
Microcytic anemia is defined as a state in which there is the presence of small and hypochromic red blood cells in the peripheral of the blood smear that is characterized by a low level of the MCV. A low level of MVC means less than 83 microns 3. Hence, the most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency.
The different kinds of anemia include:
- Hypochromic microcytic anemias include iron-deficient anemia, thalassemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
- Normochromic microcytic anemia
- Anemia of inflammation of chronic diseases including infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Hypochromic microcytic anemias are caused by a genetic condition that is regarded as congenital spherocytic anemia.
Other causes of microcytic anemia include:
- Lead toxicity
- Copper deficiency
- Excess zinc leading to deficiency in copper
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
References
Chaparro, C. M., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092
Le, C. H. (2016). The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the US population (NHANES 2003-2012). PLOS ONE, 11(11), e0166635. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166635
Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481
Sample Answer 4 for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
Women and men’s health problems have considerable impact on their health, wellbeing, and quality of life (Chhetri et al., 2018; Khalafalla et al., 2019). Nurses and other healthcare providers assess patients to determine the most effective treatments to address their needs. Therefore, this paper explores the health needs of a female patient that presents to the emergency department with a chief complain of fever, nausea, chills, vomiting, and vaginal discharge. She also has lower left quadrant pain and bilateral lower back pain, which started about three days ago.
Factors that Affect Fertility (STDs)
Several factors affect patient’s fertility. One of them as seen in this case study is sexually transmitted infections. Untreated STDs often lead to the development of other complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, which cause infertility. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea contribute to the highest cases of infertility in the population. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause scarring of the reproductive tissues, leading to infertility and complications such as ectopic pregnancies (Chhetri et al., 2018; Khalafalla et al., 2019). The additional factors that may affect fertility include weight, alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies, and thyroid disease.
Patient Symptoms
The patient presented to the emergency department with some symptoms. They include complaints of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and vaginal discharge, which started about three days ago. She also began having left lower quadrant pain and bilateral lower back pain. She denied foul-smelling urine, dysuria, or frequency. She is married and has sexual intercourse with her husband. Physical assessment findings showed elevated white blood cells, normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels. She has fever with normal cardio-respiratory exam and tachycardia. There is foul smelling green drainage and reddened cervices with bilateral adnexal tenderness. As a result, she is likely to be suffering from a sexually transmitted infection.
Why Inflammatory Markers Rise in STD/PID
Inflammatory markets rise significantly in STD and pelvic inflammatory disease. The rise is largely due to the presence of a bacterial infection in one’s system. The bacterial infection stimulates respiratory response, which includes an elevated release of white blood cells and neutrophils to fight the infection. This phenomenon can be seen in the patient’s lab values such as white blood cells and C-reactive proteins that are elevated. Inflammation also occurs due to the massive release of neutrophils and cytokines in response to the infections (Ravel et al., 2021). The presence of adnexal tenderness shows an elevated inflammatory response to the bacterial infection. CRP levels in the body rise whenever there is an inflammation in the body.
Conclusion
In summary, STDs and pelvic inflammatory disease affect fertility. Lifestyle factors such as obesity also play a role. Inflammatory biomarkers rise significantly with STDs and PIID. Patients are increasingly at risk of prostatitis and need for spleen removal due to these infections. Therefore, interventions to prevent and timely treatment of STDs are important.
References
Chhetri, A., Biswas, S. C., & Gupta, K. (2018). Infection and infertility. Practical Guide in Infertility; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers: Delhi, India, 107.
Khalafalla, K., Elbardisi, H., & Arafa, M. (2019). Sexually transmitted infection and male infertility. In Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine (pp. 69–77). CRC Press.
Ravel, J., Moreno, I., & Simón, C. (2021). Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 224(3), 251–257.