NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

Walden University NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

A dependent variable is a variable whose value depends on the value of one or more other variables (the independent variables). In other words, the dependent variable is a function of the independent variables (Diel et al., 2021). For example, in the study, levels of depression, fatigue, aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and quality of life (QOL) among patients with cancer (the dependent variable) depended on the level of participation in a 12-session exercise program (independent variable).

Independent variables are something that can be manipulated in a research study. It is checking to see if you make changes to the study will it have the same/different effect. (Cherry 2020). For example, if you are doing a medication study giving a high dose, low dose, and placebo, you are manipulating the outcome of the study because you are controlling the outcome. A dependent variable is something that is being tested in a study, the dependent variable would be measuring blood pressures against medication use, the dependent would be blood pressure results. (Cherry 2022) The dependent and independent variable works together for example the independent would be the amount of blood pressure medications given to the person and the dependent is blood pressure results. The change comes with the manipulated variable if the patient receives a high dose of blood pressure meds the blood pressure will be lower compared to not receiving any and having no change. The extraneous variable is any variable that is not being tested but it can affect the outcome of the study, it is uncontrolled and can lead to not valid results. (Zach 2020) for example like the other example blood pressure meds and results of blood measure, the extraneous variable would be if the participants are diets and exercising that can affect the results or if the patient is consuming extra salt, you didn’t plan on including that in your research, but it can change results if these things are happening. To controlled extraneous variables, you must know what type of study is being done. One method is random sampling which you will divide up the controlled group and experimental group by doing a random name draw. They can also do the standardized procedure which can basically equal out the environment for everyone. For example, with the blood pressure and medication study, the participants can either start diets and exercising or that can make another controlled group.

From the study, A 12-session cancer rehabilitation exercise program was found to result in significant improvements in self-reported physical and psychological functioning, including vitality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The study also showed a decrease in IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels (indicators of inflammation) (Smith & Broomhall, 2016). The results of this study suggest that a 12-session cancer rehabilitation exercise program is an effective intervention for improving the self-reported physical and psychological functioning of cancer patients. It is important to note that the results of this study are correlational; therefore, it cannot be determined whether the improvements in self-reported physical and psychological functioning were due to the exercise program or some other factor.

From the study, the independent variable is the level of participation in a 12-session exercise program while the dependent variables include levels of depression, fatigue, aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and quality of life (QOL) among patients with cancer. The level of measurement is a way of classifying data according to the type of information they represent. There are three levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio. From the above case, the dependent variable is ordinal while the independent variable is nominal. For the independent variable, the measurement was done during a 6- to 10-week exercise program that occurred twice weekly (Smith & Broomhall, 2016). In particular, the six-minute walk test was conducted using the track in the exercise room; each lap was 90 feet. For the dependent variable, aerobic endurance was measured with the six-minute walk test (Smith & Broomhall, 2016). On the other hand, Muscular strength was measured with the hand grip strength test and muscular endurance with the 30-second sit-and-stand test while depression was measured using PHQ-9 scale.

In conclusion, from the study, the independent variable had significant impacts on the dependent variables. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that participating in a 12-session exercise program will improve depression, fatigue, aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer.

References

Diel, A., Weigelt, S., & MacDorman, K. F. (2021). A Meta-analysis of the Uncanny Valley’s Independent and Dependent Variables. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI), 11(1), 1-33. https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3470742

Smith, T. M., & Broomhall, C. N. (2016). Physical and psychological effects of a 12-session cancer rehabilitation exercise program. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 20(6), 653. https://www.proquest.com/openview/4ba25367b3aa0162c1519e88b4606985/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=33118

Discussion: Levels of Measurement

What is the incidence of blood clots from COVID-19 in females over the age of 35?

The above question is an example of a research question. A research question consists of three parts and guides the methods and approaches in which you will study the question to find answers. The research question includes: the question, the topic, and the population or variables. In the example provided above, the question is examining the prevalence of blood clots from severe COVID-19 in a selected population. From this question, the variables can be assessed, considerations can be analyzed, and populations can be sampled in order to guide the research.

Photo Credit: Socha, A. (n.d.). Scale question, balance [Photograph]. pixabay.com. https://pixabay.com/photos/puzzle-last-part-joining-together-3223922/

During Week 2, you developed a research problem statement based on a topic of interest to you or your specific area of practice. Using this research problem statement, you will develop a research question. “A research question is a concise, interrogative statement that is worded in the present tense and includes one or more of a study’s principal concepts or variables” (Gray & Grove, 2020). These questions typically point to the type of study that will be conducted and serves as a guide for the research.

For this Discussion, reflect on your research problem statement. Consider the independent and dependent variables of your research problem through the construction of a research question. Reflect on the potential levels of measurement for your variables and the rationale for the labels, as well as consider the advantages and challenges that you might experience in the statistical analysis of your proposed variables.

_{Reference: Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.}

To Prepare:

• Review your research problem statement from Week 2 to develop your research question.
• Review the Learning Resources on how to describe variables.
• Consider the levels of measurement for your variables: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio.
• After reviewing your research question and considering the levels of measurement, analyze your classification for each variable. What was behind your reasoning for labeling the variables? How might the data be analyzed based on these labels?
• Consider advantages and challenges that you might encounter in the statistical analysis of your proposed variables.

By Day 3 of Week 4

Post your research question and describe the independent and dependent variables. Then, identify the level of measurement of both your independent and dependent variables. Provide a brief rationale for your classification of each variable. Be specific. Explain considerations of analyzing data related to each variable based on its level of measurement. Be sure to include any advantages or challenges that you might encounter in your statistical analysis of each variable and explain why.

By Day 6 of Week 4

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by noting any discrepancies and/or suggesting alternatives in the levels of measurement and statistical analyses described.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 4 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 of Week 4 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 4

To Participate in this Discussion:

Week 4 Discussion

NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

Assignment: Frequency and Descriptive Statistics

Imagine that you have collected data from 100 patients. You have carefully compiled vitals, pain scores, and medications for each of the patients. However, what does all of this data mean? Is your work now done?

How do we make data meaningful? Why must we move beyond the raw data to ensure that data is purposeful?

Descriptive analysis is the analysis of the data to develop meaning. Descriptive analysis provides meaning through showing, describing, and summarizing the data compiled to “reveal characteristics of the sample and to describe study variables” (Gray & Grove, 2020). This allows the researcher to present data in a more meaningful and simplified way.

Photo Credit: Getty Images

For this Assignment, summarize your interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided to you in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output document. You will evaluate each variable in your analysis.

_{Reference: Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.}

To Prepare:

• Review the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources.

  

• Review the Learning Resources on how to interpret descriptive statistics, including how to interpret research outcomes.
• Consider the results presented in the SPSS output and reflect on how you might interpret the frequency distributions and the descriptive statistics presented.

The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

• Summarize your interpretation of the frequency data provided in the output for respondent’s age, highest school grade completed, and family income from prior month.

• Note: A frequency analysis is way of summarizing data by depicting the number of times a data value occurs in the data table or output. It is used to analyze the data set including where the data are concentrated or clustered, the range of values, observation of extreme values, and to determine intervals for analysis that could make sense in categorizing your variable values.

• Summarize your interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided in the output for respondent’s age, highest school grade completed, race and ethnicity, currently employed, and family income from prior month.

• Note: The descriptive analysis includes N (size of your sample), the mean, the median, the standard deviation, the size and spread of your data to determine the variability/variance in your data.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 4 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 4 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
• Also Check Out:  NURS 8201 Week 4 Assignment: Frequency and Descriptive Statistics

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 4 Assignment Rubric

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Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

In the previous discussions, the practice problem in nursing identified that needed further intervention was based on limited use of health information technology to support mental healthcare services (Snyder et al., 2011).  The discussion proposed that digital informatics technology can be implement to support mental healthcare service by enhancing access to the services, reduce waiting time, increase capacity to provide services to many people and support timely appointed, Consequently, the research question was developed as “What impacts will the implementation of digital informatics technology in the mental health services have on   waiting time, capacity, access to services and preferred appointment times?.  In this discussion, the paper focuses on the above proposed research question to describe independent and dependent variables, the level of measurement, and consideration that need to be taken when analyzing data related to the identified variable. The discussion also identifies some of the advantages and challenges that may be experienced in the statistical analysis of each variable.

The Independent and Dependent Variables

In research/project, variables can be defined as the properties or kinds of attributes of certain events or objects and can be divided into dependent and independent variable.  The two variables are different. First,   independent variables are those characteristics/attributes that can be changed or manipulated in the study and their effects are measured and compared (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2021). The independent variables predict the values of the dependent variable in given model. On the other hand, dependent variables measure the impact of the independent variable(s) on the test unit (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2021).

In the  proposed research question “What impacts will the implementation of digital informatics technology in the mental health services have on  waiting time, capacity, access to services and preferred appointment times?, the independent variable is digital informatics technology. On the other hand, dependent variable are the effects that would result from the implementation of digital informatics technology in the mental health services and include waiting time, capacity, access to services and preferred appointment times.

The Level of Measurement of Variables

The independent variable is digital informatics technology whose implementation would result into improved or reduced outcome in mental healthcare setting. Therefore, the level of measurement is nominal. The normal level that would be used to label the outcome of digital informatics technology on mental healthcare service is either improved no effect or reduced outcome.  When it comes to statistical analysis, nominal data will not be utilized to perform many statistical computations.

When it comes to dependent variable, the level of measurement for waiting time is interval scale in which a rating scale will be used to represent the range of average time take by patient before meeting the doctor. The level of measurement for access to services and preferred appointment times will also be ordinal because it will be used to depict order of satisfaction (Granberg-Rademacker, 2010).

A consideration that needs to be taken when analyzing wait time, access to services and preferred appointment times as the dependent variable is the scale to use. For instance, the level of satisfaction with access to services and preferred appointment times can be measured using Likert Scales. Likert scales can be designed to include ordinal measure ranging from 1 to 5 to strongly disagree (1) to strong agree (5). The statistical analysis for access to services and preferred appointment times can include logistic regression. The advantage of logistic regression is that will be able to show direction of association (positive or negative) between dependent and independent variable. However, if the result is non-linear, it can be difficult to solve using logistic regression because it has a linear decision surface (Lee, & S, George, 2012).   Finally, waiting time can be measured on interval scale and a possible statistical analysis if t-tests. The advantage of t-test is that values obtained from Likert scales are quantitative and therefore, easy to analyze (Liang, Fu & Wang, 2019).

 

References

Granberg-Rademacker, J. S. (2010). An algorithm for converting ordinal scale measurement data to interval/ratio scale. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 70(1), 74–90.

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2021). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Saunders Elsevier.

Lee, A. J. J., & George A.F.A.F. (2012). Linear Regression Analysis. Wiley.

Liang, G., Fu, W., & Wang, K. (2019). Analysis of t-test misuses and SPSS operations in medical research papers. Burns & Trauma, 7.

Snyder, C. F., Wu, A. W., Miller, R. S., Jensen, R. E., Bantug, E. T., & Wolff, A. C. (2011). The Role of Informatics in Promoting Patient-Centered Care. The Cancer Journal, 17, 4, 211-218.

Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8201 Week 4 Discussion: Levels of Measurement

I liked the formulation of your research question as it contains the question, the topic, the population and the variables, all of which are crucial parts of a good research question. It is also commendable that you have provided some background data on what informed the research question. From the information provided, it is evident that the research question is relevant as it seeks to address crucial aspects such as the prevalent pre-operative pain and anxiety and other factors which could potentially affect the postoperative recovery of patients after surgery.

An independent variable in a research process indicates the cause while the dependent variable indicates the effect. The independent variable is one which the experimenter or researcher is in control of while the dependent variable is the variable that is expected to change in response to any changes in the independent variable Flannelly et al., 2020). As you have correctly identified, the independent variable would be the communication tool between the surgical personnel (surgical nurse and anesthesia provider) while the dependent variable would be the patient’s preoperative pain and discomfort rates.

Levels of measurement are an indication of how precisely the variables in a research process are labeled. I agree with you that the dependent variables (patient’s preoperative pain and discomfort rates) can be measured on an ordinal scale. The ordinal scale of measurement categorizes variables into labeled groups and these categories have an order of hierarchy to them (Williams, 2021). As such, the levels of pain and discomfort can be recorded on an ordinal scale as rates, levels to indicate the severity of pain and discomfort.

I also agree with you that the interval level of measurement can be used as a level of measurement for the independent variable. In your case, the suggested data collection method for the independent variable is through the use of a communication tool such as the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Using an interval scale would allow the researcher to label and order communication as a variable.

 

References

Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski, K. R. (2020). Independent, dependent, and other variables in healthcare and chaplaincy research. In Quantitative Research for Chaplains and Health Care Professionals (pp. 34-43). Routledge.

Williams, M. N. (2021). Levels of measurement and statistical analyses. Meta-Psychology, 5.

: NURS_8201_Week4_Discussion_Rubric

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		Excellent 90–100	Good 80–89	Fair 70–79	Poor 0–69
Main Posting: Response to the Discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.		40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Thoroughly responds to the Discussion question(s). Is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. No less than 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three current credible sources.	35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to most of the Discussion question(s). Is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. 50% of the post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible references.	31 (31%) – 34 (34%) Responds to some of the Discussion question(s). One to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Cited with fewer than two credible references.	0 (0%) – 30 (30%) Does not respond to the Discussion question(s). Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible references.
Main Posting: Writing		6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Written clearly and concisely. Contains no grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Written concisely. May contain one to two grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Written somewhat concisely. May contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors.	0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.
Main Posting: Timely and full participation		9 (9%) – 10 (10%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts main Discussion by due date.	8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts main Discussion by due date.	7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Posts main Discussion by due date.	0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post main Discussion by due date.
First Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources.		9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.	8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting.	7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth.	0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.
First Response: Writing		6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited.	0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited.
First Response: Timely and full participation		5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date.
Second Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources.		9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.	8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting.	7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth.	0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.
Second Response: Writing		6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited.	0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited.
Second Response: Timely and full participation		5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date.
Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_8201_Week4_Discussion_Rubric