NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS

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The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

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After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

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After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

Identify the association between the risk factor and health outcome you selected, and suggest which observational study design you feel is most appropriate for examining that association.
Support your selection of the observational design, noting its strengths and limitations for addressing the health problem.
What might you be able to learn by using your selected study design that might lead to improvements in population health? Support your response with evidence from the literature.

Sample Answer for NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS

Introduction

Currently, obesity has become a standard, severe, and costly illness, which has gradually increased. It, however, increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases among obese people (Blüher, 2019).

Therefore, carrying out a visual design is necessary to improve the health of the affected.

Appropriate study design

There is an association between unhealthy eating patterns, lack of physical activity risk factors, and obesity. Therefore, the appropriate study design is a cross-sectional observational design. This is because the design enables the researchers to measure the exposure and the disease simultaneously. This helps quickly determine the burden of obesity among the victims and helps plan and allocate health resources (Spector,2019).

Strengths and limitations addressing obesity

Limitations

Other variables such as not having enough sleep or stress can affect the relationship between the proposed cause and outcome. The design does not allow researchers to make conclusions about the reason (Wang & Cheng, 2020). There is also report biases because questionnaires and surveys about aspects such as obesity may be subject to inaccurate reporting, and there is no method of verifying the information

Strengths

The study is easy, inexpensive, and quick to conduct, thus helping to plan and allocate health resources quickly since no long follow-up periods are needed (Wang & Cheng, 2020). Also, since data is collected all at once, the likelihood of the participants quitting before the information is fully collected is minimal.

Lesson learned

This type of study design can get clues about the foods and amount of exercise that can contribute to obesity, thus preparing for further study. After collecting data from different obese people on how much exercise they do, the type of unhealthy food they consume, and their body weight.

Conclusion

To sum up, a cross-sectional observation design is appropriate for a descriptive study. The researcher can record the information present in the population under study without manipulating the variables. Therefore, relevant research in the cause of obesity aims to investigate the suspected association between unhealthy eating patterns and lack of physical activity risk factors and obesity.

References

Blüher, M. (2019). Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), 288-298.

Spector, P. E. (2019). Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125-137.

Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71.

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8310 Discussion: Observational Study Designs ANSWERS

Study designs form an important part of the research process. Therefore, it is important for researchers to choose the right study design, as guided by the study objectives and availability of the required resources. One such study design is observational study design. These study designs can aid in an appropriate observation and analysis of subjects in their natural settings without interference (Skrivankova et al., 2021). As such, they play an important role in studying any connections between variables and in the formulation of various study hypotheses. Some of the observational study designs include cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and ecological. Therefore, this discussion post focuses on two research articles that use observational study designs and explores how the researcher has used the study design and the selected methods. The chosen topic of study is obesity in children; therefore, the chosen articles focus on obesity.

One of the articles by Guo et al. (2020). This study’s purpose was to explore the connection between exposure to fine particular matter and obesity among children. It was a national representative cross-sectional study. The analysis of the collected data showed that one out of five schoolchildren included in the study were obese or overweight. In addition, the researchers also found that exposure to PM (2.5) in the ambient air is substantially associated with childhood obesity. The researchers suggest further research that focuses on covering the role exposure to PM (2.5) plays in the development of childhood obesity. As earlier indicated, the researchers used a cross-sectional study design, which is an observational study design. This design is important in studying the association between variables, in this case particular matter and the development of obesity. However, the design cannot help in establishing a casualty or even temporal sequence of events. Indeed, this is the reason why the researchers recommended a further study. It is worth noting that the cross-sectional design used in this study may fail to capture the dynamic nature of exposure to particulate matter as well as the possible long-term impacts on obesity.

The population of focus were school going children of ages 6-17. The researcher used various data sources such as the CEERHAPS-C. The authors also used various epidemiological measures of association such as confidence levels and odds ratios. I agree with the study design employed by the researchers at it allowed them to efficiently examine the relationship between the particulate matter exposure and obesity. They also adjusted for potential confounders. I also agree with the conclusion as they are based on the findings and they align with the study objectives.

The next study is by Bawaked et al. (2020). This study focused on exploring the effect of lifestyle behaviors in early childhood on obesity and cardiometabolic risks in children. This study employed cohort study design which is also an example of observational study design.. The population of focus were children. The data sources were structured interviews and questionnaires. Among the epidemiologic measures of association used include lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular risk factors and relative risks

The researchers used a cohort study where the participants were followed from early childhood up to adolescence. This design was key in the assessment of how exposures during childhood relate to various outcomes later in their lives. One of the weaknesses of this study design is that they need substantial resources and time to maintain data collection and engagement of participants over extended periods of time. I agree with the choice of design since, the researchers applied a robust method in study population recruitment as the study population consisted of participants from different regions recruited across six years (Bawaked et al.,2020). I agree with the conclusion since they have been drawn from the analysis and results. The analysis of the results showed that the lifestyle score was not connected with the outcomes. However, they were negatively associated with the Body Mass Index at the age of seven year. One highlight of this study was that an enhanced adherence to a healthy lifestyle at the age of four years was observed to help decrease the risk of overweight, abdominal obesity, and obesity at seven years

References

Bawaked, R. A., Fernández‐Barrés, S., Navarrete‐Muñoz, E. M., González‐Palacios, S., Guxens, M., Irizar, A., … & Romaguera, D. (2020). Impact of lifestyle behaviors in early childhood on obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children: Results from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study. Pediatric Obesity, 15(3), e12590. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12590

Guo, Q., Xue, T., Jia, C., Wang, B., Cao, S., Zhao, X., … & Duan, X. (2020). Association between exposure to fine particulate matter and obesity in children: A national representative cross-sectional study in China. Environment International, 143, 105950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105950

Skrivankova, V. W., Richmond, R. C., Woolf, B. A., Yarmolinsky, J., Davies, N. M., Swanson, S. A., … & Richards, J. B. (2021). Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement. Jama, 326(16), 1614-1621. 10.1001/jama.2021.18236