NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
Walden University NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 Discussion
An infection by a disease causing microorganisms often lead to alteration in the cellular responses. The alteration in the cellular responses result in the development of signs and symptoms that guide the development of diagnoses and treatment plans. The cellular responses also reflect the active role that innate and acquired immunity plays in preventing individuals from a disease. The management of diseases relies on the use of interventions such as prescription of pharmacological agents. Patient factors must be considered in the prescription of drugs to minimize the risk of adverse events. Therefore, this paper examines a case study to evaluate the role of genetics, presentation of signs and symptoms and influence of age on the selected patient assignment.
The Role of Genetics in the Disease
Recurrent sore throat is a common health problem in children. Streptococcus group A bacteria causes this health problem and is often associated with genetics (Zupin et al., 2016). Accordingly, the existence of genetic variations in the HLA region have been linked to the recurrence in sore throat. The variations in the HLA region of the genes have been shown to cause gene mediated interaction with the bacteria causing sore throat (Tian et al., 2017). The genetic variation in the HLA region has also been shown to alter the normal innate as well as acquire defense systems towards the bacterial infection (Pearce et al., 2020). The influence of genetics in sore throat can also be seen in the recurrence of the disease in twins. The recurrence of sore-throat related infections such as tonsillitis in identical twins is almost similar while the rate of recurrence varies in dizygotic twins. Due to this, scholars argue that about 60% of sore throat recurrence in children is associated with environmental exposures while the rest occurs due to environmental exposure. Similar findings can be seen in the study by Bager et al., (2018) where the researchers found the recurrence of severe tonsillitis to be highly linked to genetic factors. The authors found that the influence of genetics on the development of severe tonsillitis did not depend on patient’s age and sex. Therefore, genetics play a role in the recurrence of the sore throat infections.
Why Patient is presenting with the Specific Symptoms
The signs and symptoms that the patient presented with to the hospital is attributed to the changes in the cellular response processes. The invasion of the body with Streptococcus group A bacteria stimulates immune response that is characterized by the secretion of pus as well as reddening and inflammation of the tonsils. The production of pus arises from the release of inflammatory cells in response to the infection to fight the bacteria. As a result, the clinical symptoms of sore throat develop due to the accumulation of the fibronectin-binding proteins in the pharynx. The symptoms that the patient reported following ingestion of amoxicillin were attributed to allergic reactions to antibiotics. The symptoms show that the ingestion of amoxicillin led to the stimulation of the immune system to release IgE. The release of IgE increased the secretion of inflammatory cells such as interleukins and cytokines. The result of these processes is that massive inflammation occurred leading to vomiting, nausea, fast heart rate, difficulty in breathing, wheezing, swelling of the face and lips and shock. These symptoms are the signs or allergic response to an allergen such as drug or environmental pollutant.
Physiologic Response to Stimuli
A number of signs and symptoms in the case study demonstrate the patient’s response to stimuli. The signs and symptoms include the reddening of the posterior pharynx alongside the enlargement of the tonsils 3+. The assessment also revealed posterior and anterior cervical adenopathy, which imply immune response to the infection. A rapid strep test also confirmed the positive diagnosis of streptococcus group A bacteria (Volavšek, 2016). These symptoms were experienced due to the patient’s acquired and innate response to the infection.
Cells and Cellular Mediators
The cellar mediators that were involved in the response to the infection include prostaglandins E2m chemokines, leukotriene B4, eicosanoids, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokines that enhanced the inflammatory processes. The cells that were involved in the response include macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial, mast, and dendritic cells. The mediated actions of these cells and the cellular response mechanisms led to the development of the signs and symptoms of the disease as well as recovery from it (Kırmusaoğlu, 2018). The response to infection by the cells also led to the symptoms seen in the allergic reaction to amoxicillin.
Effect of Age on Response
The response to Streptococcus group A bacterial infections vary with age. Unlike children, adults are least likely to be affected by the infection. The symptoms of the infection are also less severe in adults than in children. The differences in the response is attributed to the influence of immune system development in adults than in children (Chanmugam et al., 2016). Therefore, healthcare providers should make treatment decisions with a consideration of the age of the patients to minimize the risk of adverse drug events.
References
Bager, P., Corn, G., Wohlfahrt, J., Boyd, H. A., Feenstra, B., & Melbye, M. (2018). Familial aggregation of tonsillectomy in early childhood and adolescence. Clinical Epidemiology, 10, 97–105. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S148575
Chanmugam, A. S., Bissonette, A., Rothman (MD), R., Desai, S. V., & Putman, S. B. (2016). Infectious Diseases Emergencies. Oxford University Press.
Kırmusaoğlu, S. (2018). Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antibacterial Control. BoD – Books on Demand.
Pearce, S., Bowen, A. C., Engel, M. E., Lande, M. de la, & Barth, D. D. (2020). The incidence of sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0242107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242107
Tian, C., Hromatka, B. S., Kiefer, A. K., Eriksson, N., Noble, S. M., Tung, J. Y., & Hinds, D. A. (2017). Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections. Nature Communications, 8(1), 599. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00257-5
Volavšek, M. (2016). Head and Neck Pathology. Springer International Publishing.
Zupin, L., Angelelli, F., Grasso, D., & Crovella, S. (2016). Lactoferrin gene polymorphisms in Italian patients with recurrent tonsillitis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.07.002
At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.
Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.
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To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
By Day 3 of Week 1
Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:
The role genetics plays in the disease.
Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
The cells that are involved in this process.
How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6 of Week 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not