PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
Grand Canyon University PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution–Step -By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
After the introduction, move into the main part of the PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
Summary of Clinical Issue: As part of their professional mandate, nurses should be identifying problems facing the populace and develop appropriate interventions. Like other professions, however, challenges are part of everyday practice. One of the widespread problems is a scenario where a proportion of the population is at risk of an illness. When a group is vulnerable, it implies that the entire public health is at risk, and such a group’s productivity declines. In such situations, nurses and other health care providers should be more committed to designing the most practical and safest interventions to ensure that the problem does not lead to severe outcomes such as death.
In this analysis, the clinical problem of interest is type 2 diabetes among older adults. According to Yakaryılmaz and Öztürk (2017), the
prevalence of type 2 diabetes is expected to increase proportionately as the population’s age and life expectancy prolong. This point implies that older people will be at risk of the illness and its secondary complications such as depression and cognitive impairment. It predicts a situation where health care providers will be burdened if the right approaches are not used to help decrease the rate of type 2 diabetes in older adults. The intervention of interest is avoiding pharmacological management of the disease and opting for lifestyle changes.
PICOT Question: In older adults with type 2 diabetes (P), can lifestyle changes (I) compared to medical interventions (C) help to reduce the rate of infection (O) in six months (T)?
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 |
| APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink | Jackson, S. L., Long, Q., Rhee, M. K., Olson, D. E., Tomolo, A. M., Cunningham, S. A., Ramakrishnan, U., Narayan, K. M., & Phillips, L. S. (2015). Weight loss and incidence of diabetes with the Veterans Health Administration MOVE! lifestyle change programme: an observational study. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 3(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70267-0
|
Reeve, E., Low, L. F., & Hilmer, S. N. (2016). Beliefs and attitudes of older adults and carers about deprescribing of medications: a qualitative focus group study. Br J Gen Pract, 66(649), e552-e560.doi: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16X685669
|
Fowler, S. P., Williams, K., & Hazuda, H. P. (2015). Diet soda intake is associated with long‐term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(4), 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13376 |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | It is centered on the premise that participating in lifestyle change programs can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in clinical settings and communities. | It follows the premise that medication procedures are not as effective as lifestyle programs in managing type 2 diabetes. | Examines how unhealthy lifestyle patterns put older adults at risk [weight gain] of type 2 diabetes. |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | Qualitative- it is an observational study. | Quantitative- it is a focus group study. | Quantitative- it is a longitudinal study. |
| Purpose Statement | The study investigates how participation in MOVE is associated with reduced incidence of diabetes. | The study explores the beliefs and attitudes of older adults and carers on deprescribing. | This study examines the relationship between diet soda intake and long-term waist circumference change. |
| Research Question | Does participation in lifestyle change programs reduce diabetes in older adults? | Does doing away with pharmacological interventions do more harm than good in diabetes management among older adults? | Does diet soda intake increase weight in older adults putting them at risk of type 2 diabetes? |
| Outcome | Diabetes can be managed by positive lifestyle changes. | Non-pharmacological approaches are more impacting depending on the interventions used. | Type 2 diabetes can be managed by healthy dietary patterns. |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
An outpatient care setting for veterans | New South Wales, Australia | San Antonio, Texas, neighborhoods |
| Sample | 238540 individuals participated | 14 older adults and 14 carers | 749 adults- 65 years and above |
| Method | Jackson et al. (2015) did a retrospective observational analysis of obese patients with weight-related disorder. | Four focus groups of 14 older adults and 14 carers were conducted with additional conventional content analysis. | Prospective cohort study |
| Key Findings of the Study | Participation in MOVE program was associated with weight loss and reduced incidence of diabetes. | Older adults would consider an alternative process since they dislike taking medications but fear since they are unaware of the outcomes. | Weight circumference increases with diet soda intake (DSI) with the most affected group being daily users. |
| Recommendations of the Researcher | Older adults should actively participate in lifestyle change programs to keep them safe from type 2 diabetes. | Older adults should be advised on the various non-medical interventions available for diabetes management to keep them away from the risks of too much medication. | DSI should be regulated as a way of avoiding escalating abdominal obesity that causes diabetes. |
| Criteria | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink | Carolan, M., Holman, J., & Ferrari, M. (2015). Experiences of diabetes self‐management: a focus group study among Australians with type 2 diabetes. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(7-8), 1011-1023. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12724 | Harris, M. L., Oldmeadow, C., Hure, A., Luu, J., Loxton, D., & Attia, J. (2017). Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling. PloS one, 12(2), e0172126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172126
|
Xu, G., Liu, B., Sun, Y., Du, Y., Snetselaar, L. G., Hu, F. B., & Bao, W. (2018). Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study. Bmj, 362, k1497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1497 |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | It looks at the connection between the approaches used after diagnosis and outcomes in diabetes management. | Examines some of the factors that put older people at risk of type-2 diabetes and how it can be avoided through lifestyle approaches. | Examines the prevalence of diabetes in the US general population and effective management approaches. |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | Qualitative- it is an exploratory qualitative design. | Quantitative- it is a longitudinal study | Qualitative- it is a cross-sectional survey. |
| Purpose Statement | The study examines the experiences of individuals with type 2 diabetes in a low-economic social setting. | The study examines the relationship between perceived stress and type 2 diabetes onset. | The study examines the proportion of each among US adult diagnosed with diabetes. |
| Research Question | Are older adults from low socio-economic backgrounds at risk of type 2 diabetes mismanagement? | Does stress increase the chances of getting type 2 diabetes in older adults? | Do lifestyles play any role in increasing diabetes prevalence? |
| Outcome | Many patients in low socio- economic backgrounds need support on self-management efforts. | Stress and type 2 diabetes have a direct relationship. | Lifestyles and the prevalence of diabetes are directly connected. |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
Local health settings in Australia | Australia- Women were randomly sampled through the Medicare Australia database. | National Health Interview survey [2016-2017] |
| Sample | 22 individuals with type 2 diabetes | 12,844 women completed the study’s surveys. | 58186 adults |
| Method | Focus groups were used to collect data. | A longitudinal study on women’s health. | Cross sectional survey |
| Key Findings of the Study | Patient experiences on diabetic management vary according to the socio-economic setting. | Avoiding stress is one way of improving lifestyle and plays a critical role in avoiding or reducing the rates of type 2 diabetes. | Factors that shape lifestyles such as education and race affect the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. |
| Recommendations of the Researcher | Self-management approaches improve the management of type 2 diabetes and lifestyle approaches should be encouraged. | Perceived stress is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and should be avoided as part of improving diabetes self-management. | People should be educated on diabetes self-management practices since the prevalence is likely to increase as time advances.. |
References
Carolan, M., Holman, J., & Ferrari, M. (2015). Experiences of diabetes self‐management: a focus group study among Australians with type 2 diabetes. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(7-8), 1011-1023. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12724
Fowler, S. P., Williams, K., & Hazuda, H. P. (2015). Diet soda intake is associated with long‐term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(4), 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13376
Harris, M. L., Oldmeadow, C., Hure, A., Luu, J., Loxton, D., & Attia, J. (2017). Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling. PloS one, 12(2), e0172126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172126
Jackson, S. L., Long, Q., Rhee, M. K., Olson, D. E., Tomolo, A. M., Cunningham, S. A., Ramakrishnan, U., Narayan, K. M., & Phillips, L. S. (2015). Weight loss and incidence of diabetes with the Veterans Health Administration MOVE! lifestyle change programme: an observational study. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 3(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70267-0
Reeve, E., Low, L. F., & Hilmer, S. N. (2016). Beliefs and attitudes of older adults and carers about deprescribing of medications: a qualitative focus group study. Br J Gen Pract, 66(649), e552-e560.doi: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16X685669
Xu, G., Liu, B., Sun, Y., Du, Y., Snetselaar, L. G., Hu, F. B., & Bao, W. (2018). Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study. Bmj, 362, k1497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1497
Yakaryılmaz, F. D., & Öztürk, Z. A. (2017). Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly. World journal of diabetes, 8(6), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.278
Sample Answer 2 for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
Falls among patients, especially older patients in nursing homes, are a critical healthcare concern because of their adverse effects on outcomes. Falls lead to increased cost of care due to lengthened stay in hospital, adverse events like head injuries and even death. Older patients, 65 years and above, are susceptible to falls due to different reasons that include loss of muscle mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, cognitive impairment or due to certain types of dementia and failing eye sight. Medications can also increase one’s susceptibility to due to their side effects like confusion and dizziness. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023), fall pose a threat to the health of older adults and reduces their ability to remain independent. The CDC says that over 36,000 deaths occurred in 2020 associated with falls among the elderly with another 3 million emergency department visits due to falls. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) consider falls as a never event because they are preventable when hospitals implement evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions. Evidence-based practice interventions like tailoring interventions for patient safety (TIPS) can help providers reduce and prevent falls and their adverse effects in diverse healthcare settings. The purpose of this paper is to review articles on TIPS based on the formulated PICOT question. The paper reviews both qualitative and quantitative research articles on TIPS as an effective intervention to reduce falls among the elderly in nursing homes.
PICOT Question: Among older adults aged 65 years and above in nursing homes and residences (P), does the implementation of TIPS framework (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and prevent fall by 60% and associated effects (O) within six months (T)?
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 |
| APA-formatted article citation with permalink | Vincenzo, J. L., Patton, S. K., Lefler, L. L., McElfish, P. A., Wei, J., & Curran, G. M. (2022). A qualitative study of older adults’ facilitators, barriers, and cues to action to engage in falls prevention using health belief model constructs. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 99, 104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104610 | Carter, E. J., Khasnabish, S., Adelman, J., Bogaisky, M., Lindros, M. E., Alfieri, L., … & Dykes, P. (2020). Adoption of a patient-tailored fall prevention program in academic health systems: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators. OBM Geriatrics, 4(2), 1-21. doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002119 | Rogers, C., Shamley, D., & Amosun, S. (2021). Older adults’ experience of an exergaming intervention to improve balance and prevent falls: a nested explanatory qualitative study. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11678. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411678 |
| How does the article relate to the PICOT question? | The article supports the PICOT as it demonstrates the efficacy of using different interventions that focus on improving patient safety among patients | The article relates to the PICOT question as it demonstrates that fall TIPS can have significant impact on patients and staff when implemented in any setting. | The article relates to the PICOT as it shows that using better tailored interventions can reduce falls among patients in different settings. |
| Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods?
Justify your selection. |
Qualitative
The article is qualitative based on the method that the researchers apply informed grounded theory and focus groups based on semi-structured interviews |
Qualitative
The researchers use qualitative approaches like observation and interviews to gather perceptions and opinions about the implemented Fall TIPS aspects. |
Qualitative
The researchers uses focus groups and analyze the results using content analysis. |
| Purpose statement | The purpose of the study was to gather views and perceptions from older patients about ways to prevent falls | The purpose of the article was to identify the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption. | The purpose of the article was to explore the efficacy of a large-scale randomized control trial that compared an exergaming intervention and gold-standard one as well as no intervention. |
| Research question(s) | Does engagement in fall prevention activities reduce and prevent falls? | What are the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption in healthcare organizations? | What is the effects of using tailored interventions to improve patient safety through reduction and prevention of falls? |
| Outcome(s) | The outcomes demonstrate that using fall prevention activities focused on patient safety reduce falls among elderly patients in diverse settings | The researchers identified both facilitators and barriers to Fall TIPS implementation. The outcome also show that Fall TIPS enhanced collaboration between staff and patients since they were tailored to each patient needs and preferences | The outcomes show an improvement in different aspects related to fall prevention. The study also explored attitudes toward fall and fall prevention. |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
The setting was a community dwelling of older adults with average age of 78 years. | The setting entailed 11 hospitals representing three academic health systems. | The setting comprised of different areas based on the origin of participants. |
| Sample | The sample comprised of 27 older adults living in a community dwelling. | The sample comprised of 50 patients and focus groups with 71 staff | The sample comprised of 14 participants in the OEP framework and 16 on the WBB model |
| Method | Informed grounded theory and focus groups | The researchers used interviews and focus groups | The researchers used focus groups and interviews. |
| Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice | The findings from the study show that individuals do not engage in fall prevention activities due to different reasons like severity and susceptibility. The findings also demonstrate diverse facilitators in engaging in fall prevention.
The implications for nursing practice from this study is that providers should engage in tailored interventions based on the unique setting of the patients. |
The use of Fall TIPS led to increased motivation among nurses, improved patients’ understanding of their roles and integration of the intervention into the workflow processes. The researchers also identified barriers like poor engagement practices, use of residual fall prevention strategies; especially one-size-fits-all approach.
The implication of the study is that nurses should adopt Fall TIPS to improve safety in their settings. |
The findings from the study show that those engaged through exergaming model enjoyed the applied intervention but did not comply with the provisions. The focus groups showed barriers and facilitators to implementation of TIPS in their areas or facilities. |
| Recommendations of the researcher | The researchers recommend the need for people to engage in fall prevention behaviors by addressing the barriers like limited knowledge and perceived self-severity and susceptibility to falls. | The researchers recommend the use of Fall TIPS adoption and enhancement of staff engagement of patients to develop trusting partnerships to improve safety among them. | The article recommends increased engagement of patients and implementation of strategies that are tailored to meet patient needs. |
| Criteria | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| APA-formatted article citation with permalink | Guo, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Yang, X., Yang, W., Lu, Z., & He, M. (2023). Effect of a fall prevention strategy for the older patients: A quasi‐experimental study. Nursing open, 10(2), 1116-1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1379 | Duckworth, M., Adelman, J., Belategui, K., Feliciano, Z., Jackson, E., Khasnabish, S., … & Dykes, P. C. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of engaging patients and their families in the three-step fall prevention process across modalities of an evidence-based fall prevention toolkit: an implementation science study. Journal of medical internet research, 21(1), e10008. DOI: 10.2196/10008 | Dykes, P. C., Khasnabish, S., Burns, Z., Adkison, L. E., Alfieri, L., Bogaisky, M., … & Adelman, J. S. (2022). Development and validation of a fall prevention efficiency scale. Journal of patient safety, 18(2), 94. DOI: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000811 |
| How does the article relate to the PICOT question? | The article relates to the PICOT as it illustrates the effectiveness of using a fall prevention approach tailored to patient needs. | The article relates to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS framework is effective in reducing and preventing the occurrence of falls among diverse patients even in their homes. | Using a mixed method approach, the article related to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS model is effective in reducing falls |
| Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods?
Justify your selection. |
Quantitative
The article is quantitative since it employs a quasi-experimental design |
Quantitative
The article analyzes the outcomes through quantitative approaches like conducting risk assessments. |
Mixed Methods
The article incorporates both qualitative and quantitative approaches. |
| Purpose statement | The purpose of the article was to explore the impact of a fall prevention strategy among older patients founded on the patient engagement design. | The purpose of the article was to assess the effects of Fall TIPS modality on patient engagement in a three-step fall prevention process and gauge efficacy. | The purpose of the study was to learn the benefits and burdens associated with Fall TIPS program. |
| Research question(s) | Does engagement of patients reduce and prevent the occurrence of falls among elderly patients or individuals? | Does the Fall TIPS modality affect patient engagement using a 3-step fall prevention process and efficacy? | Does the implementation of Fall TIPS improve nurses’ ability to reduce and prevent falls? |
| Outcome(s) | The outcomes show that the intervention reduces falls among the targeted population. | The outcomes show that patient engagement is essential for implementing Fall TIPS interventions. | The outcomes show that learning about providers’ beliefs in the use of time related to Fall TIPS implementation is essential to enhance results that include a reduction in falls. |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
The study occurred in a hospital with two groups or cohorts to demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention. | The researchers conducted the study in healthcare settings in Boston and New York, Bronx and Manhattan | Three hospitals in Massachusetts and 3 in New York |
| Sample | The sample comprised of 116 subject with the intervention group having 58 and control with 58. | The sample comprised of nurses at the selected facilities. | The sample comprise of 72 nurses who participated in two phases of group interviews. |
| Method | The researchers used a longitudinal quasi-experimental quantitative design | Three modalities that included laminated Fall TIPS poster, electronic Fall TIPS poster and paperless patient safety displays at the bed side. | The methods included initial qualitative, second qualitative and psychometric evaluation. |
| Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice | The key findings include effectiveness of the intervention, and need to engage patients when implementing the strategy. The implications of the study for nursing practice is that nurses should implement strategies that are patient-centered to improve their overall safety.
The implication for nursing practice is each intervention works differently based on patient’s overall condition. |
The findings show that these interventions are Fall TIPS that lead to improved safety and management of falls among patients.
The implication of the article to nursing practice is that nurses should embrace these interventions to improve safety by preventing and reducing falls in their settings. |
The key findings for the article include learning about the facilitators and burdens that nurses encounter when implementing falls in their settings, especially through Fall TIPS.
The implications for nursing practice is that nurses should understand organizational barriers that can hinder the implementation of Fall TIPS. |
| Recommendations of the researcher | The researchers recommend more studies to understand the efficacy and effectiveness of engaging patients to develop a patient safety tool to reduce and prevent falls. | The researchers recommend implementation of the Fall TIPS to enhance patient safety and quality care for the affected patients. | Learning of these barriers allows organizations to improve areas of weakness and correct problems that waste time. |
Conclusion
Falls are a concern for nurses and other providers in diverse settings. Falls lead to adverse events and a rise in the cost of care. The use of evidence-based practice approaches is essential in preventing and reducing these events. As such, nurses, patients and other providers should develop Fall TIPS to reduce their occurrence and improve overall safety. The evaluation table shows that researchers can use diverse methodologies to demonstrate the effects of implementing Fall TIPS in their facilities for better management of these events.
References
Albasha, N., Ahern, L., O’Mahony, L., McCullagh, R., Cornally, N., McHugh, S., & Timmons, S. (2023). Implementation strategies
to support fall prevention interventions in long-term care facilities for older persons: a systematic review. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03738-z
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023). Older Adult Fall Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/falls/index.html
Ziegl, A., Hayn, D., Kastner, P., Löffler, K., Weidinger, L., Brix, B., … & Schreier, G. (2020). Quantitative falls risk assessment in
elderly people: results from a clinical study with distance based timed up-and-go test recordings. Physiological measurement, 41(11), 115006. DOI 10.1088/1361-6579/abc352
Sample Answer for PICOT Question and Literature Search NRS 433 Solution
One of the most fundamental stages RN-BSN program is a Capstone project, usually guided by a well-formulated PICOT question. This week’s assignment, therefore, covers the formulation of a PICOT question. Besides, a total of peer-reviewed research articles supporting the PICOT question, with three qualitative and the other three being quantitative, will be located and analyzed.
Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):
among the most prominent clinical problems is postpartum depression. The postpartum period is one of the riskiest moments in terms of the development of a maternal postpartum depression since the period is a challenging transition period (Martín-Gómez et al., 2019). Indeed, developing depressive disorders during this period becomes twofold as compared to other durations of a mother’s life. Postpartum depression has been regarded as a serious mental health condition. However, postpartum depression may not be undetected hence failing to treat the condition. Such a lack of treatment may negatively affect the mental health and the overall health outcomes of the mothers, the new babies, and the bigger family. In the event of postpartum depression, the affected mothers may fail to sufficiently respond to the newborn’s needs and exhibit dwindled tolerance, negligence, and hostility Martín-Gómez et al., 2019). The implication is reduced breastfeeding and interference with the mother-newborn bonding. Besides, the child’s physical health and socio-emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development may be impaired. Previous studies have also shown that maternal postpartum depression is a risk factor for the development of paternal depression, with up to half of the fathers affected. The result is a potential diminished interaction with the baby, feelings of frustration, and communication breakdown that can easily heighten marital conflicts. As such, it is vital that various strategies are used in combating depressive disorder, including innovative strategies for diagnosing the condition or management and prevention. Of import is that nursing interventions can effectively be applied to help in fighting the clinical problem.
Literature Evaluation Table
PICOT Question: Among the mother who have newly given birth (P), what is the efficacy of psychoeducation (I) in comparison to normal clinical routine (C) in preventing the development of postpartum depression (O) within six month study period (T)?
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | |
| APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink | Chaharrahifard, L., Motlagh, A. J., Akbari-Kamrani, M., Ataee, M., & Esmaelzadeh–Saeieh, S. (2021). The Effect of Midwife-led Psycho-Education on Parental Stress, Postpartum Depression and Parental Competency in High-Risk Pregnancy Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(2), 70-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2021.014
|
Niksalehi, S., Taghadosi, M., Mazhariazad, F., & Tashk, M. (2018). The effectiveness of mobile phone text massaging support for mothers with postpartum depression: A clinical before and after study. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 7(5), 1058. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_120_17 | Derakhshanpour, F., Kashani, L., Taghavi, S., Salimi, Z., & Shahini, N. (2020). Effect of a Psychoeducation Intervention on Postpartum Health. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research, 4(4), 8-16. 10.52547/jcbr.4.4.8 | |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | The relationship between this article and the PICOT question is that the article has explored the effect of psychoeducation on various depressive disorders such as postpartum depression. The PICOT also deals with psychoeducation as an intervention for postpartum depression. | This article also relates to the PICOT question in that it evaluates the impacts of psychoeducation delivered through a means of text messages. The research, therefore, deals with one of the many strategies of delivering psychoeducation. | The relationship between this study and the PICOT question is that this study evaluated the influence of a psychoeducation strategy delivered 48 hours before delivery on the development of postpartum depression, among other health complications and mental disorders. | |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | Quantitative study: identified through the data analysis strategy where statistical analysis was employed as the strategy | The article is a quantitative study since the data was analyzed through statistical tools such as SPSS. | The study is also a quantitative study; data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tools such as SPSS. | |
| Purpose Statement | The purpose of the research was to examine the impact of psychoeducation as led by midwives on postpartum depression, parental competency, and parental stress. | The purpose of the research was to evaluate whether psychoeducation delivered through long-distance counseling with text messaging as the media is effective in treating the mothers at risk of developing postpartum depression. | The main purpose of the study was to examine how effective a psychoeducation strategy given 48 h before delivering the baby was on postpartum mental health such as postpartum depression. | |
| Research Question | What is the influence of mid-wife led psychoeducation on preventing postpartum depression, parental stress, and improving parental competency? | What is the efficacy of using long-distance counseling through short text messages in treating women with postpartum depression? | What is the effectiveness of psychoeducation delivered 48h before delivery on the postpartum mental health of mothers? | |
| Outcome | From the study findings, the use of midwife-led psychoeducation led to reduced development of postpartum depression and parental stress as well as improved parental competency among the intervention group as compared to the control group. | The outcome is that the intervention was effective in improving the women’s literacy regarding postpartum depression hence better outcomes. | The outcome is that the psychoeducation given forty-eight hours before delivery was not effective. | |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
The study was carried in a hospital in Karaj, Iran, among mothers who get admission to the high-risk pregnancy units. | The study was carried out in one of the health care facilities associated with Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. | The study took place in a maternity ward in a hospital in Gorgan.
|
|
| Sample | The sample size had a total of 66 women. | The study involved 54 women. | A total of eighty pregnant women who were about to give birth were recruited in the study. | |
| Method | This study was a randomized controlled trial where the researchers applied a convenient method for sampling, and the women were assigned randomly to either the intervention or the control group. | The method of research used in this article is a pre-test and post-test clinical study. | This study was a randomized clinical trial, where the research subjects were randomly placed in the control group or the intervention group. | |
| Key Findings of the Study | Among the key findings of the study is that while there was a significant improvement of parental competency in the intervention group as compared to the control group, psychoeducation led to lower incidences of postpartum depression. | Some of the key findings of the study include:
Text messages sent to women with postpartum depression would lead to a decreased depressive symptoms. The evaluation of pre-test and post-test showed significant differences. |
-The main findings of the study is that there was no notable difference in positive postpartum outcomes between the groups when a short-term educational intervention was used.
-the use of psychoeducation just two days before delivery was found to have an effect in improving postpartum mental health.
|
|
| Recommendations of the Researcher | Among the recommendations of the researchers include; there is a need for a routine assessment of postpartum depression, and more so if the patient is of a high-risk pregnancy. Again, psychoeducation should be provided to the mothers during both the pre and postpartum periods. The researchers also recommend that qualified health care professionals should be availed to women at risk of postpartum depression. | Some of the recommendations which the researchers gave include:
There is a need to consider mother’s mental health in postpartum care, and especially for mothers coming from poor countries. Text messaging should be embraced more to help in easing the shortage of mental health specialists. |
The major recommendation is that any educational intervention should be provided to the mothers weeks after or before delivery to make them effective. | |
| Criteria | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink |
Lackie, M. E., Parrilla, J. S., Lavery, B. M., Kennedy, A. L., Ryan, D., Shulman, B., & Brotto, L. A. (2021). Digital Health Needs of Women With Postpartum Depression: Focus Group Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e18934. DOI: 10.2196/18934 |
Lam, W., & Ngai, F. W. (2021). Process evaluation of couple‐based psychoeducation program for first‐time parents. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13543
|
Shorey, S., Yang, Y. Y., & Dennis, C. L. (2018). A mobile health app–based postnatal educational program (Home-but not alone): descriptive qualitative study. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(4), e119. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9188 |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | This study also deals with strategies for managing postpartum depression; the strategy evaluated by the study is web-based intervention to deliver psychoeducation. | The article relates to the PICOT in that it explores the benefits of psychoeducation intervention (Couple-based), which is in harmony with the PICOT question, which entails an evaluation of psychoeducation in managing postpartum depression. | This study relates to the PICOT question as it explores the views of new parents on the effectiveness of psychoeducational intervention delivered through a mobile health program. |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | The study is a qualitative study- it was identified through the data collection method, which was a semistructured guide in discussing patient’s opinions, ideas, and needs which were then put in transcripts and analyzed through thematic analysis. | The study is qualitative. Data is collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. | The study is a qualitative study. The data used in the study was collected through interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. |
| Purpose Statement | The purpose of the research was to evaluate the unfulfilled psychoeducational needs of mothers with postpartum depression and determine the efficacy of a web-based intervention to meet the needs. | The purpose of the study was to evaluate the benefits of using a couple-based psychoeducation intervention in managing postpartum depression and exploring the factors that affect the efficacy of the intervention. | The main purpose of the study was to do an exploratory study on the views of new parents on the content of postpartum psychoeducation. |
| Research Question | What are some of the unfulfilled psychoeducational needs, and what is the efficacy of using web-based intervention in meeting those needs among women with postpartum depression. | What are the benefits of a couple-based psychoeducational intervention in managing postpartum depression among first-time parents? | What are the views of parents to newborns concerning the delivery and content of a postpartum psychoeducation program? |
| Outcome | The outcome was that the use of web-enabled psychoeducation was effective in promoting postpartum mental health decision-making. | The outcome of the study is that the intervention was perceived to be effective in boosting emotional control and parental skills hence improving the sense of support. | The outcome is that the research subjects viewed the use of the mhealth app to facilitate psychoeducation as effective. |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
The study was conducted across seven cities of British Columbia | The study was conducted in Hongkong. | The study took place in home-based settings where the participants were recruited immediately after getting discharged from the hospital. |
| Sample | A total number of 31 women were recruited in the study. | A total of 27 couples were recruited in the study | This study had a total of seventeen participants. |
| Method | The study used focus groups, where every group had participants ranging from two to seven which were facilitated by a coordinator. | The method used was a descriptive qualitative study, with the intervention consisting of a three-hour antenatal session and a half an hour telephone follow-ups, which were done at two weeks and four weeks after birth. | This research applied a descriptive qualitative study design where semistructured interviews were carried out. |
| Key Findings of the Study | Among the key findings were five themes, giving customization to promote relevance, empowering individuals to own their mental health, manage and attain wellness through capacity nurturing, giving validation for fighting stigma, and meeting needs through gap bridging. All of the themes pointed to promoting agency for mothers having postpartum depression. | While the intervention was efficacious in promoting emotional control and parenting skills, various factors were found to help in facilitating the intervention. For instance, reinforcements, arranging the intervention during non-working hours, and telephone follow-ups. | The major finding from the research include; the participants reported the educational program to be effective and a good information source. The modes of delivering the education, such as video and audio, underlined the information accessibility. Besides, the facilitators of the programs offered trustworthy advice. |
| Recommendations of the Researcher | The researchers recommended a necessity to explore specific details on how the psychoeducation needs of patients can be met through web-based intervention. | Among the recommendations by the researchers is that there is a need to integrate couple-based psychoeducation programs facilitated by nurses into the mainstream child care and maternal services regularly. | Among the recommendations is that technical hiccups of the platforms should be resolved and enhancements added. |
Conclusion
In conclusion, the PICOT question which will guide the study in the coming weeks has been formulated. Besides, an exhaustive literature search has been conducted to obtain peer-reviewed journals supporting the PICOT question. While three of the articles are qualitative studies, the other three are quantitative studies. It is worth noting that five of the six articles reported findings showing that psychoeducation has a positive influence on postpartum depression, while one reported no significant effect.
References
Chaharrahifard, L., Motlagh, A. J., Akbari-Kamrani, M., Ataee, M., & Esmaelzadeh–Saeieh, S. (2021). The Effect of Midwife-led Psycho-Education on Parental Stress, Postpartum Depression and Parental Competency in High Risk Pregnancy Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(2), 70-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2021.014.
Derakhshanpour, F., Kashani, L., Taghavi, S., Salimi, Z., & Shahini, N. (2020). Effect of a Psychoeducation Intervention on Postpartum Health. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research, 4(4), 8-16. 10.52547/jcbr.4.4.8.
Lackie, M. E., Parrilla, J. S., Lavery, B. M., Kennedy, A. L., Ryan, D., Shulman, B., & Brotto, L. A. (2021). Digital Health Needs of Women With Postpartum Depression: Focus Group Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e18934. doi: 10.2196/18934.
Lam, W., & Ngai, F. W. (2021). Process evaluation of couple‐based psychoeducation program for first‐time parents. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13543.
Martín-Gómez, C., Moreno-Peral, P., Bellón, J. A., Cerón, S. C., Campos-Paino, H., Gómez-Gómez, I., … & Motrico, E. (2020). Effectiveness of psychological, psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions to prevent postpartum depression in adolescent and adult mothers: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ open, 10(5), e034424. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034424
Niksalehi, S., Taghadosi, M., Mazhariazad, F., & Tashk, M. (2018). The effectiveness of mobile phone text massaging support for mothers with postpartum depression: A clinical before and after study. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 7(5), 1058. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_120_17.
Shorey, S., Yang, Y. Y., & Dennis, C. L. (2018). A mobile health app–based postnatal educational program (Home-but not alone): descriptive qualitative study. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(4), e119. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9188