PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
Walden University PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
The introduction for the Walden University PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
After the introduction, move into the main part of the PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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PSY 3001 Week 6 Assignment 2 Pneumonic Devices
Described three mnemonic devices
Described a situation requiring memorization of material and discussed how the three mnemonic devices could be used.
Explained which mnemonic device you think would be most effective.
Used correct spelling, grammar, professional vocabulary and APA format.
The assigned case scenario portrays LM, an 86-year-old woman admitted with delirium. She was diagnosed with Atrial fibrillation a month ago. In addition, she has a history of hypertension, GERD, chronic kidney disease, and Osteoarthritis. Her current treatment regimen comprises Digoxin, Omeprazole, Metoprolol XL, Warfarin, APAP, and Multivitamin. The patient blood pressure is 101/58, and heart rate is 52. LM has an elevated BUN at 33mg/dL, slightly elevated Creatinine level at 1.2, a toxic level of Digoxin at 2.4, and elevated INR at 3.8. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how age might affect the patient’s PK and PD processes, how process changes can affect the patient’s medication, and how to improve the treatment therapy.
How Age Might Influence PK And PD Processes In The Patient
Aging results in PK changes in drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion and PD changes, which are a drug’s effect on its target site. Drug absorption in the patient may be affected by GI age-related changes such as decreased secretion of gastric acid, gastric emptying, splanchnic blood flow, and absorption ability of the ileum (Drenth-van Maanen et al., 2020). Advanced age is linked with a decreased first-pass metabolism secondary to a reduced liver mass and hepatic blood flow. Polar medications (mostly water-soluble) such as Digoxin have smaller volumes of distribution, causing higher serum levels in geriatrics. This explains the toxic digoxin levels in the patient, which need to be lowered to adjust to the changes.
Aging is associated with reduced renal function, especially the glomerular filtration rate, which affects the drug clearance diuretics and digoxin (Cossart et al., 2021). PD changes include increased sensitivity of the body cells to various drug classes like anticoagulants. Aging is associated with reduced warfarin metabolism and impaired synthesis of clotting factors due to reduced hepatic function, resulting in a greater PT/INR response (Drenth-van Maanen et al., 2020). This explains the patient’s elevated INR rates.
How Changes In The Processes Might Impact The Drug Therapy
The age-related PD and PK processes will affect the patient’s pharmacological treatment plan. Decreased first-pass metabolism associated with aging results in a marked increase in the bioavailability of medication that goes through massive first-pass metabolism, such as Metoprolol (Błeszyńska et al., 2020). Consequently, the patient’s Metoprolol dosage might need to be reduced. Due to the reduced drug clearance in advanced age, medications with a narrow therapeutic index such as Digoxin are prone to have severe adverse effects if they accumulate only slightly above the intended range (Cossart et al., 2021). This might affect the Digoxin therapy by reducing the dosage or stopping it. The elevated INR rates caused by the slow-down of vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis may result in lowering the Warfarin dose.
How I Might Improve The Drug Therapy Plan
The patient’s treatment plan may be improved by reducing Metoprolol to 12.5 mg OD to avoid undesired lowering of the blood pressure caused by increased bio-availability. I would also lower Digoxin to 0.125 mg OD to avoid Digoxin toxicity and improve the heart rate. In addition, I would lower Warfarin 2mg OD to achieve the therapeutic level of anticoagulation.
Conclusion
Advanced age is associated with vital PK and PD changes, impacting the drug’s effect on the body. It affects drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and a drug’s effect on its target site. The patient presented with a low heart rate due to digoxin toxicity and low BP due to increased metoprolol bioavailability. The INR was elevated due to decreased synthesis of clotting factors.
References
Błeszyńska, E., Wierucki, Ł., Zdrojewski, T., & Renke, M. (2020). Pharmacological Interactions in the Elderly. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 56(7), 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070320
Cossart, A. R., Isbel, N. M., Scuderi, C., Campbell, S. B., & Staatz, C. E. (2021). Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in Relation to Calcineurin Usage in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 635165. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.635165
Drenth-van Maanen, A. C., Wilting, I., & Jansen, P. (2020). Prescribing medicines to older people-How to consider the impact of ageing on human organ and body functions. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 86(10), 1921–1930. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14094
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Use of Direct Quotes
• I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
• As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
• It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
• For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
• Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
• Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
• Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
• The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
• Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
• If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
• I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
• As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
• Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
o Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
o Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.