Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis In Elderly

Sepsis is an inflammatory body response to infection. In recent years, the incidences of sepsis have been increasing among elderly patients, which has increasingly led to admissions to intensive care units. This has been enhanced by the fact that elderly patients have various co-morbidities, functional limitations, and reduced immunity (Cheng et al.,2018). However, the clinical diagnosis of sepsis among the elderly can be challenging, and the condition may be different and more severe as compared to younger individuals. There are various symptoms and signs of sepsis in elderly patients. The symptoms include urinary incontinence, falls, malaise, anorexia, weakness, delirium, and altered mental status. However, these symptoms may also appear in cases of other non-infectious conditions among the elderly which complicates matters. However, the most common symptom is respiratory tract infections which are then followed by genitourinary infections.

Sepsis is a condition that can easily lead to death. There are various differences between sepsis and severe sepsis. Sepsis refers to a syndrome that occurs upon severe infection, which then leads to critical illness. Therefore it results when a fungal, viral, or bacterial infection leads to a substantial response from the body’s immune system hence fast breathing, fever, and high heart rate (Tan et al.,2019). On the other hand, severe sepsis happens when the infection leads to organ damage. The damage can occur to one or more organs due to the inflammatory response. Organs that can be affected include the liver, lungs, kidney, brain, and heart. The implication is that the symptoms experienced during severe sepsis may differ depending on the organ identity affected. As an example, when an individual’s lungs are damaged, various symptoms related to breathing may be seen.

References

Cheng, H. H., Chen, F. C., Change, M. W., Kung, C. T., Cheng, C. Y., Tsai, T. C., … & Su, C. M. (2018). Difference between elderly and non-elderly patients in using serum lactate level to predict mortality caused by sepsis in the emergency department. Medicine, 97(13). https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMD.0000000000010209

Tan, B., Wong, J. J. M., Sultana, R., Koh, J. C. J. W., Jit, M., Mok, Y. H., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Global case-fatality rates in pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(4), 352-362. Doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4839

Identify and discuss sepsis, SIRS, severe sepsis, and septic shock by listing the diagnostic criteria for each

How will your recognition of the septic patient vary based upon where your clinical rotations are being completed?

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Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
Include in-text citations in your response
Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
Follow APA-7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
Follow APA 7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
Here are some helpful links
Student paper example
Citing Sources
The Writing Center is a great resource