Worldview and Nursing Process Personal Statement

Worldview refers to an individual’s intellectual response to basic life questions. It is based on a set of beliefs about essential aspects of reality that establish and influence a person’s perception, thoughts, knowledge, and actions. Worldview is an essential concept in making health providers aware of their beliefs and assumptions that may influence the delivery of patient care (Spronk et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to describe my worldview, describe a nursing theory aligning with my philosophy of practice, and explain how the worldview and nursing theory will help me develop my future practice.

Personal Worldview

The worldview that drives my nursing practice is that life begins at conception and ends in the process of death. However, as individuals engage in the process of living, their position on the lifespan influences their capacity for independence. I believe that progress in the lifespan influences individuals’ capacity for independence, but the progress is unidirectional (Fawcett, 2022). Furthermore, I believe t

hat nursing interventions are usually needed when an individual cannot be independent in any activities of living, and the family or social grouping cannot ensure that the activities are performed. People’s need for nursing interventions is relatively short; thus, my role as a nurse is to promote the resumption of normality.

My worldview is influenced by Christianity scriptures that, as Christians, we should let our light shine before others so that they may see our good deeds and glorify God. My spirituality is based on being of service to other people who need my help. Thus, it influences my worldview since I believe that God will reward me by being of service to others, just as Christ was of service to the Church (Rieg et al., 2018). I believe that the best way to serve others is by providing quality patient care that will improve patients’ quality of life and enable them to resume their daily activities. Furthermore, the worldview is influenced by the cultural practices of helping individuals in need in society to get back on their feet. Thus, I seek to deliver interventions that will enable patients to acquire, maintain, or restore maximum independence in their activities of living.

Nursing Theory

The Roper-Logan-Tierney Activities of Living Model for Nursing is one of the nursing theories that most aligns with my philosophy of practice and approach to patient care. The model demonstrates that a person’s health status and lifestyle are closely connected. It seeks to equip nurses with an approach to planning and delivering patient-centered care (Williams, 2018). The model has five components: The activities of living (ALs), Life Span, The dependence/independence continuum, Factors influencing the activities of living, and Individualizing nursing. The model outlines 12 activities of living that can be used as a framework for assessment: Maintaining a safe environment, Breathing, Mobilizing, Eating and drinking, Communicating, Personal cleansing and dressing, Eliminating, Controlling body temperature, Working and playing, Sleeping, Expressing sexuality, and Dying (Williams, 2018).

The Activities of Living Model is similar to the philosophy of nursing practice since the two hypothesize that the goals of nursing are to help the patient acquire, maintain, and restore maximum independence in the activities of living. Both the model and philosophy of practice acknowledge that individuals cannot always carry out each of the activities of living independently. They recommend implementing medically prescribed treatment interventions to overcome an illness or its symptoms, leading to recovery and independence (Williams, 2018). The two support nursing interventions that enable individuals to perform preventive health activities independently to avoid injury and disease. Besides, the model and philosophy of practice emphasize providing patients comfort and implementing strategies to promote recovery and ultimate independence.

The model’s component on lifespan asserts that the progression along the lifespan is characterized by recurrent change as a person moves through a sequence of developmental stages, each related to the expression of varying levels of physical, cognitive, and social function (Fawcett, 2022). This is similar to my philosophy that asserts that individuals’ position on the lifespan influences their capacity for independence. The Activities of Living Model influences my approach to care since I focus my nursing interventions on preventing and comforting activities. Under preventing activities, I identify care interventions that seek to prevent factors impairing a patient’s living, like disease and accidents, and thus provide preventive education (Williams, 2018). Besides, I direct nursing care with regard to comforting activities by implementing interventions to give patients physical, psychological, and social comfort.

Application of the Worldview and the Nursing Theory in a Past or Current Practice

I previously worked in a care home where I provided care to an 89-year-old female patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progressing to the severe stage. The patient’s basic ADLs were gradually getting impaired, including her ability to eat, dress, groom, bathe, and toilet independently. The client’s relatives were worried that their patient had lost her capacity to care for herself, which led to significant psychological distress in the patient. Consequently, the patient would insist on dressing and going to the bath herself because she believed that she was not as incapacitated as the providers perceived. In this case, I would have applied the Activities of Living Model to assess the patient to establish what the patient could and could not do in each of the activities of living considering the physical, physiological, sociocultural, environmental, and politico-economic factors influencing the patient.

During the patient assessment, I would have documented the activities the patient could perform independently and those activities she could not perform without assistance. All the activities that could not be performed independently would have been treated as problems during the assessment. Besides, I would have identified nursing actions to address the identified problems by assessing how I would promote the patients’ independence in the activities of living (Motamed-Jahromi & Kaveh, 2021). In addition, I would have applied the worldview by implementing comforting activities to prevent complications like infections and slow AD progression.

How the Worldview and Nursing Theory Will Assist in Further Developing Future Practice

The worldview and Activities of the Living Model will help to develop my nursing practice further by guiding me on actions to promote independence in the activities of living with patients. The model recommends a problem-solving process that nurses can use, which includes: Assessment of the patient; Identification of the patient’s problems and developing a statement of expected outcomes; Planning of care; Implementation of care; Evaluation of the outcomes of care (Williams, 2018). In my future practice, I can apply the model to identify patients’ health needs and establish their ability to perform ADLs. Based on the assessment results, I will identify patients who need total, partial, or no assistance in ADLs. Besides, I will identify the interventions to implement to help patients achieve independence, which will align with my worldview of promoting independence.

Conclusion

My worldview is based on independence, and I believe that progress in the lifespan influences individuals’ capacity for independence, but progress is unidirectional. The Activities of Living Model focuses on the patient as a person engaged in living throughout his/her lifespan and moving from dependence to independence based on age, living circumstances, and environment. The model and my philosophy of practice support nursing interventions that enable patients to carry out preventive health activities independently to avoid illness. I can apply the model in future practice to assess patients, identify problems in carrying out ADLs, and identify interventions to enable them to attain independence.

References

Fawcett, J. (2022). Thoughts About Teaching: A Nursing Discipline–Specific Perspective of Lifespan Growth and Development. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35(4), 494–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184221115

Motamed-Jahromi, M., & Kaveh, M. H. (2021). Effective Interventions on Improving Elderly’s Independence in Activity of Daily Living: A Systematic Review and Logic Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 516151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.516151

Rieg, L. S., Newbanks, R. S., & Sprunger, R. (2018). Caring from a Christian Worldview: Exploring Nurses’ Source of Caring, Faith Practices, and View of Nursing. Journal of Christian Nursing: A Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship, 35(3), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000474

Spronk, B., Widdershoven, G., & Alma, H. (2021). The Role of Worldview in Moral Case Deliberation: Visions and Experiences of Group Facilitators. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3143–3160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01246-1

Williams, B. C. (2018). The Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing. Nursing2020 Critical Care, 12(1), 17–20. doi: 10.1097/01.CCN.0000508630.55033.1c

Worldview and Nursing Process Personal Statement

Nurses are a critical component of care provision that promotes safety, quality and efficiency. By doing so, nurses practice based on their worldviews. Accordingly, worldview denotes to the set of assumptions and beliefs that impact nursing practice. A worldview represents how nurses interpret and explain their personal experiences concerning care provision (Johnson, 2018). Culture has a critical influence on nurses’ worldview because it comprises of their spirituality and religious perspectives. Culture also provides them with ontological and epistemic biases that inform their belief system (Watson, 2018). As such, this essay evaluates my worldview, the nursing theory or model that aligns with my philosophy, and a situation where the model could assist me in addressing healthcare issues. The paper also assesses how the worldview will help me develop my practice as a nurse in the future.

Personal Worldview and Nursing Philosophy

I believe that each nurse practitioner has a distinct spiritual, religious and cultural set of beliefs that guide personal and professional practice. The religious belief that guides my way acknowledges that God exists and all human beings are created in his image. God is the truth and love that all nurses must demonstrate as they care for patients (Pfeiffer, 2018). Spiritually, I believe that I have a higher calling to serve God through the diverse patients I attend to and holistically offer service to see that we are equal before him. I seek a higher understanding whenever I deal with patients and their families, especially knowing that disease conditions drain even the robust soul and individuals.

Patients and their families place their hope in health service providers like nurses and believe that God will use them to treat and help prevent adverse situations in their afflictions. Nurses need to appreciate the diversity that exists and accept that some patients have different spiritual and religious perspectives, yet they are essential in their treatment (Al-Banna, 2017). I believe that holistic care entails understanding the cultural diversity that exists and knowing that patients value their personality, traditional or cultural practices, and use them to attain better health outcomes. For example, it is appropriate for a nurse to incorporate clergies in situations that would help patients address their health problem by combining conventional medical interventions and religious practices like prayers.

Further, I believe that culture is part of care provision and any nurse keen on providing quality, safe, and efficient nursing care should incorporate these aspects. Nurses should demonstrate cultural competence by integrating cultural values, beliefs and practice to impact care (Drury & Hunter, 2016). Nurses need to work collaboratively with their patients to identify cultural components that are essential to care provision. Imperatively, my philosophy is that nursing is a holistic calling where nurses should provide care by respecting different aspects of culture, religious and spiritual practices of their patients.

Nursing Theory or Model

The Jean Watson caring model is the one that aligns most with my nursing philosophy and worldview. The theory emphasizes essential nursing practice concepts and what nurses should do to attain better care. Watson’s model demonstrates that at the heart of nursing is human caring and a positive attitude in upholding psychological balance and a therapeutic association between health care providers, especially nurses, and the patient (Pajnkihar et al., 2017). The model encompasses the need to preserve human heritage in caring for individuals. Watson’s Caritas process implores nurses to seek a holistic approach to care and ensure that they develop a commitment and inspiration in care provisions. The model explains that nurses are the environment, believe in miracles, and honor the human body, mind, and spirit of all patients. Watson was categorical in her theory that humans cannot be treated as objects and should not be separated from self, others, nature and the larger workforce (Watson & Woodward, 2020). The model emphasizes the interpersonal process that should happen between the caregiver and the care recipient.

The ten carative factors in the model implore nurses to embrace values like love and kindness, inspire faith and hope, honor, develop trust by nurturing individual beliefs, and personal growth. Nurses should also enhance scientific problem-solving methods in making caring decisions and create a healing environment for both physical and spiritual self (Wolf & France, 2017). The model is a critical aspect of providing patient-centered care and understanding that individuals have different beliefs, cultural practices, and norms incorporated holistically to attain better outcomes.

Reinforcing My Approach to Care

The theory reinforces my approach to care through its main concepts or factors, the need for interpersonal relationships, and ensuring that patients understand the importance of their personality and beliefs. Watson’s model shows that as a nurse, one must embrace the better and mutual relationship with their patients. I believe that effective care and healing is not up to the nurse but the patient (Hajbaghery & Mokhtari, 2018). In this case, Watson shows that nurses must develop a philosophy that will allow them to have therapeutic interactions with their patients and understand what they need. Caring is a commonly helpful ordeal for all healthcare providers. Imperatively, it is vital to recall that Watson stresses that nurses should allow their patients to determine their care and communicate with them for better service delivery. Nurses need to self-heal and be ineffective positions to help their patients attain better outcomes (Watson, 2018). In this case, the caring occasion should be centered on love and authentic sharing of experiences that widen the perspectives of patients and colleagues in health practice for enhanced care services.

Explanation of a Situation in Practice

Even with the devastating effects of an opioid epidemic that continues to ravage many individuals and families, many mental health care patients do not get sufficient care services to manage their condition. Communities continue to ignore many of the psychiatric cases in their areas and do not similarly consider them as other medical patients. In my experience, I have encountered a patient with psychotic symptoms but had been admitted with a medical condition. The patient had schizophrenia and each time disturbed the calmness of the unit. Nurses and other health care providers became hostile towards the patient, which affected the quality of care offered to him. Nurses in the department felt that the patient required mental health care services. They thought that the patient should be transferred to the psychiatric unit to prevent any disturbances on the floor. The nurses never took the time to understand a practical approach to the patient and interact with him to address the problem.

In this instance, my worldview and nursing model would help deal with the patient by developing a mutual and therapeutic relationship to offer optimal care services. Therefore, the nurses could develop a positive attitude and create a caring occasion so that they could share their experiences and allow him to share his too. Through the intervention, they will get an opportunity to conduct psychotherapy alongside medical care (Tilburg et al., 2018). The nurses would have incorporated the religious, spiritual and cultural components through developing an interpersonal relationship with the patient. The providers should also have demonstrated commitment and motivation in addressing the concerns and needs that the patient had in a selfless and caring manner and considering their profession as a calling in all practice situations.

Future Practice

My worldview and Jean Watson’s model would lay an excellent foundation for my future practice. They would allow me to conduct research and develop evidence-based practice interventions and use them in the care environment. Concepts and ideas from both the model and my perspective would serve as the roadmap in transforming and streamlining the health care delivery system in my practice. The principles and insights from the model would help enhance my practice knowledge and skills in providing care to patients (Drury & Hunter, 2016). As a nurse practitioner, I believe that the patient-centered care approach forms the basis of effective care delivery. Any model that advocates for the model is essential for me to attain my goals in practice. As I strive to focus on being a health care leader, the tenets of the model implore me to inspire and motivate, both patients and colleagues to attain a holistic care approach.

Conclusion

Nurses remain at the pivotal point in care provision and should develop worldviews and perspectives based on nursing models to offer care to their patients effectively. As illustrated, a worldview is a critical aspect of a nursing philosophy because it helps nurse nurture either a positive or negative attitude. Therefore, using the perspective and relevant nursing models like Watson’s caring theory, nurses are competent to care providers in different care settings.

References

Al-Banna D.A. (2017). Core professional and personal values of nurses about nursing in Erbil

city hospitals: a profession, not just a career. Nursing & Care Open Access Journal, 2(6):169-173. DOI: 10.15406/ncoaj.2017.02.00056

Drury, C. & Hunter, J. (2016). The hole in holistic patient care. Open Journal of Nursing, 6(9).

DOI: 10.4236/on.2016.69078

Hajbaghery, M. A. & Mokhtari, R. (2018). Complementary and alternative medicine and

holistic nursing care: The necessity for curriculum revision. Journal of Complementary Medicine & Alternative Healthcare, 5(4): 1-2.

Johnson, F. M. (2018). Choosing Your Philosophical Slat. Open access peer-reviewed chapter.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74919

Pajnkihar, M. Stiglic, G. & Vrbnjak, D. (2017). The concept of Watson’s carative factors in

nursing and their (dis)harmony with patient satisfaction. Peer Journal, 5: e2940. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2940

Pfeiffer, J. (2018). Strategies christian nurses use to create a healing environment. Religions,

9(11):352. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9110352

Tilburg, B., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Koopmans, R., Weidema, M., Perry, M. & Engels, Y. (2018).

The importance of trust-based relations and a holistic approach in advance care planning with people with dementia in primary care: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatric, 18(184). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0872-6

Watson, J. (2018). Clarifying the discipline of nursing as foundational to development of

professional nursing. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 26(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072017002017editorial4

Watson, J., & Woodward, T. K. (2020). Jean Watson’s theory of human caring.

SAGE Publications Limited.

Wolf, Z., R., & France, N. E. (2017). Caring in nursing theory. International Journal of Human

Caring, 21(2), 95-108. DOI:10.20467/HumanCaring-D-17-00021.1

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Worldview and Nursing Process

Personal worldviews have a direct effect on the care that nurses provide to their patients. A worldview refers to the collection of aspects such as values, attitudes, beliefs, and expectations of our surrounding world. A worldview forms the philosophy of nurses in their practice. It guides nurses in making ethical and legal decisions in patient care. Worldviews differ from one person to another. The difference is attributable to the influence of factors such as culture, socialization, and individual social and professional practices. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore my personal worldview, a nursing theory that relates to it and their influence on my professional nursing practice.

Personal Worldview

My worldview revolves around being empathetic with others and respecting their needs. I believe that nurses should be empathetic to their patients and others. They should place themselves in the experiences of their patients as well as others they interact with in their professional and personal lives. I also believe that nurses should show love to others. They should demonstrate behaviors such as respecting diversity, being honest and truthful in their personal and professional lives. I also believe that nurses should offer patient care with love. The symbols of love that should guide the care given to patients should encompass aspects such as patience, understanding, respect, honesty, and openness (Munoz-Day, 2019). By showing love, nurses learn to treat others the same manner in which they wish to be treated too.

I also believe that nurses should be kind in their practice and personal lives. Kindness is a virtue that entails being considerate or generous to others. Nurses should show kindness to their patients. It is important in nursing practice, as it enhances patient engagement in the care process. Kindness in nursing entails providing patient-centered and compassionate care to the patient (Yeşilçınar et al., 2018). The incorporation of kindness into the care process results in patient satisfaction with the care as well as empowerment with the disease management process. For example, the empowerment of patients results in their increased treatment adherence and engagement in self-management behaviors that improve the outcomes of treatment for their health problems (Ng & Luk, 2019). By being considerate of the healthcare needs of the patients, nurses can develop accurate plans of care that addresses both the actual and potential health needs of the patients. Therefore, kindness, love, and being truthful should guide the practice of nurses in patient care.

My worldview on religion is that nursing practice should entail the consideration of the religious beliefs and practices of patients. Nurses should ensure that the religious preferences of the patients are considered, as they influence the experiences of patients with the care process. The consideration contributes to holism in patient care for optimum outcomes. Similarly, care should encompass the spiritual and cultural values and beliefs of the patients. The cultural values and beliefs of great importance to the patients should be prioritized in the provision of patient care, as they influence the uptake of specific care services (Yeşilçınar et al., 2018). Therefore, I believe that religion, spirituality, and culture are important elements that should be considered in the provision of patient care.

Nursing Theory

Orem’s theory of self-care resonates with my nursing philosophy. The self-care theory by Orem asserts that nurses play a critical role in helping patients achieve their self-care needs. They assist patients who do not have the power or will to engage in activities that contribute to the realization of their daily needs. The activities or support that the nurse gives to the patients aim at maintaining their lives or functioning and correct the deviation of their health to normal. Orem also asserted that the support from the nurse aims at ensuring that the incapability of the patients in meeting their self-care needs is addressed (Gligor & Domnariu, 2020). Through it, the nurse and patients form a therapeutic relationship that contributes to the establishment of supportive system needed to compensate the needs of the patients either partially or wholly.

A number of similarities exist between Orem’s self-care theory with my worldview. The first similarity is the importance of therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patients. The relationship contributes to the understanding of the actual and potential care needs of the patients (Younas, 2017). I believe that nurses should strive to form positive, therapeutic relationship with their patients to understand their needs better. The understanding forms the basis of the empathetic, loving relationship that culminates to the realization of optimum outcomes in patient care. The other similarity between Orem’s theory and my worldview is the recognition of the critical role of the nurses in assisting patients to achieve their self-care needs. The nurse assists patients who lack will and energy to meet their diverse health-related needs (Gligor & Domnariu, 2020). I also believe in helping patients to achieve their diverse needs. The help offered should take into consideration the uniqueness and abilities of the patients in achieving the desired self-care. In helping the patients, nurses should demonstrate respect, kindness, love, and understanding to their patients.

Orem’s theory reinforces my approach to patient care. Firstly, it provides me with the understanding of the assumptions that guide my interaction with the patients. For example, I approach patients with the assumption that they need assistance in achieving their diverse self-care needs. Orem’s theory also provides me with benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of patient care. The evaluation informs the need for additional interventions should the anticipated care needs are not met. An example can be seen from the use of the universal self-care outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of the care interventions that were adopted to address the care needs of the patients (Younas & Quennell, 2019). Lastly, Orem’s theory influences the nature of relationship I have with my patients. I strive to understand the actual and potential health needs of the patients during my interaction with them. The understanding informs the development of the appropriate treatment plans to optimize the care outcomes.

Example

An example of a recent experience where my worldview could have been applied is an encounter with a patient who did not want his child to a blood transfusion. The patient declined with the assertion that blood transfusion was against their religious beliefs and practices. The nurse and physician attending the child insisted that the child needed blood transfusion for him to live. This led to significant irritation and confrontation by the parent. My worldview could have been applied to the scenario. I would have aimed at understanding the concerns about blood transfusion and explaining to the parent its importance. I would have also demonstrated kindness by involving him in examining the different alternatives that existed and their benefits and risks. Through it, the parent could have made an informed decision about the need for blood transfusion for his child.

Influence of Nursing Theory and Worldview on my Future Practice

My worldview and Orem’s theory of nursing will assist me in developing my future practice. The worldview and theory will inform my future relations with my patients and other healthcare providers. They will strengthen my desire for improving my inter-personal and professional relationship skills to ensure that I address optimally the care needs of those I serve (Antonytheva et al., 2021). The worldview and theory will also influence my future practice by increasing my involvement in areas such as research in nursing. The worldview and theory will increase my awareness about the various aspects of nursing that influence patient care. The awareness will stimulate my interest in exploring the ways in which nursing research can inform evidence-based practice. Through it, I will be able to support the use of research and evidence-informed decisions in the provision of patient care (Munoz-Day, 2019). Therefore, I believe that my worldview and self-care theory by Orem will inform my future practice as a registered nurse.

Conclusion

In summary, worldview is an important aspect in nursing practice. A worldview informs the actions and decisions that nurses make in their daily practice. My worldview revolves around love, kindness, empathy, and being truthful to others. My worldview relates to self-care theory by Dorothea Orem. It recognizes the need for understanding and helping others achieve their needs in a manner that respects their values, beliefs, and practices. My worldview and theory will influence my future practice as a registered nurse. They will influence the relationship I have with the patients as well as my level of awareness about the different issues affecting nursing practice and patient care.

References

Antonytheva, S., Oudshoorn, A., & Garnett, A. (2021). Professional intimacy in nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 56(1), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12506

Gligor, L., & Domnariu, C. D. (2020). Patient Care Approach Using Nursing Theories—Comparative Analysis of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Henderson’s Model. Acta Medica Transilvanica, 25(2), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0019

Munoz-Day, E. R. (2019). Delivering Kindness: Creating a Healthy Environment by Role Modeling Caring in the Nursing Curriculum. https://sigma.nursingrepository.org/handle/10755/17662

Ng, J. H. Y., & Luk, B. H. K. (2019). Patient satisfaction: Concept analysis in the healthcare context. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(4), 790–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.11.013

Yeşilçınar, İ., Acavut, G., İyigün, E., & Taştan, S. (2018). Eight-Step Concept Analysis: Spirituality in Nursing. International Journal for Human Caring, 22(2), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.22.2.34

Younas, A. (2017). A Foundational Analysis of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory and Evaluation of Its Significance for Nursing Practice and Research. Creative Nursing, 23(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.23.1.13

Younas, A., & Quennell, S. (2019). Usefulness of nursing theory-guided practice: An integrative review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 33(3), 540–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12670

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If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
Include in-text citations in your response
Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
Follow APA-7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
Follow APA 7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
Here are some helpful links
Student paper example
Citing Sources
The Writing Center is a great resource