NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Walden University NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Scenario 1: Myocardial Infarction

CC: “I woke up this morning at 6 a.m. with numbness in my left arm and pain in my chest. It feels tight right here (mid-sternal).” “My dad had a heart attack when he was 56-years-old and I am scared because I am 56-years-old.”

HPI: Patient is a 56-year-old Caucasian male who presents to Express Hospital Emergency Department with a chief complaint of chest pain that radiates down his left arm. He states this started this morning and has been getting worse, pointing to the mid-sternal area, “it feels like an elephant is sitting on my chest and having a hard time breathing”. He rates the pain as 9/10. Nothing has made the pain better or worse. He denies any previous episode of chest pain. Denies nausea, or lightheadedness. Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg tablet sublingual x 1 which decreased pain to 7/10.

Lipid panel reveals Total Cholesterol 424 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein (HDL) 26 mg/dl, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 166 mg/dl, Triglycerides 702 mg/dl, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) 64 mg/dl

His diagnosis is an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Question:

Which cholesterol is considered the “good” cholesterol and what does it do?

Your Answer:

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered the “good” cholesterol. HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver, where it can be broken down and eliminated from the body. High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Scenario 2: Pleural Friction Rub

A 35-year-old female with a positive history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents to the Emergency Room (ER) with complaints of sharp retrosternal chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or lying down. She reports a 5-day history of low-grade fever, listlessness and says she feels like she had the flu. Physical exam reveals tachycardia and a pleural friction rub. She was diagnosed with acute pericarditis.

Question:

Because of the result of a pleural friction rub, what does the APRN recognize?

Your Answer:

When inflammation causes the visceral and parietal pleura to become more rough, pleural friction rub can develop. Patients who have pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or pleurisy as a result of a viral infection, among other potential reasons, frequently have a pleural friction rub. There are a number of various conditions that might lead to pleural effusion, which can be considered a potential cause of pleural rubs. Patients might be able to localize the source of the rub depending on the pain they are experiencing. It is imperative that pericardial friction rubs not be confused with pleural friction rubs, as the latter is an indication of pericarditis.

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Question 4

4 / 4 pts

Scenario 4: Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

A 81-year-old obese female patient who 48 hours post-op left total hip replacement. The patient has had severe nausea and vomiting and has been unable to go to physical therapy. Her mucus membranes are dry. The patient says the skin on her left leg is too tight. Exam reveals a swollen, tense, and red colored calf. The patient has a duplex ultrasound which reveals the presence of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Question:

Given the history of the patient explain what contributed to the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Your Answer:

Advancing age, extended periods of immobility, and major surgical procedures are all risk factors that contribute to the development of DVT. The most common causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are damage to a vein as a result of surgery or trauma and inflammation as a result of an infection or injury. A blood clot can be caused by anything that impedes the normal flow of your blood or clotting process.

Question 1

4 out of 4 points

Scenario 1: Myocardial Infarction

His diagnosis is an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Question:

Which cholesterol is considered the “good” cholesterol and what does it do?

Selected Answer:	HDL is known as the good cholesterol that help to remove the bad cholesterol when it is at healthly level . It is found in plants and animals, Fish oil, avocado, flaxseeds. It helps in reducing the bad cholesterol, glucose level and systolic blood pressure. Clear out the plagues in the coronary arteries .HDL range from 40mg/dl- 60mg/dl
Correct Answer:	HDL is considered the good cholesterol because it collects excess cholesterol in the body cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body. HDL carries 20-25% of total plasma cholesterol.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

Question 2

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Scenario 1: Myocardial Infarction

HPI: Patient is a 56-year-old Caucasian male who presents to Express Hospital Emergency Department with

a chief complaint of chest pain that radiates down his left arm. He states this started this morning and has been getting worse, pointing to the mid-sternal area, “it feels like an elephant is sitting on my chest and having a hard time breathing”. He rates the pain as 9/10. Nothing has made the pain better or worse. He denies any previous episode of chest pain. Denies nausea, or lightheadedness. Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg tablet sublingual x 1 which decreased pain to 7/10.

His diagnosis is an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Question:

1. How does inflammation contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?

Selected Answer:	Atherosclerosis is thte the cause of myocardial infaraction,stroke,and ischemic gagrene.Inflammation is part of body’s defence mechanism and it plays a major in the healing process. Inflammation plays a major in all phases of artherosclerosis . Artherosclerosis is the thicking or hardening of the artery. It is caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining. They stable plaques characterizs by inflammatory infiltrates. Vulnerable and ruptured plaques are characterized by active inflammation.Repeated cycles of inflammation can induce smooth cell muscle poliferation and form atherosclerotic .
Correct Answer:	Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to mitochondrial damage that results in an increased free radical production that further activates the chronic inflammatory vicious cycle.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

Question 3

4 out of 4 points

Scenario 2: Pleural Friction Rub

Question:

1. Because of the result of a pleural friction rub, what does the APRN recognize?

Selected Answer:	Acute pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardicia lining of the heart lining. The cause is idiopathic. Retrosternal pain is from the inflammation of the pericardium .Pleural friction rub is the result a pleuritis, The pleual rub sound is the movement of the inflammed and rough surface against each. which can also has effusion
Correct Answer:	The inflammation of the pericardium, due to either the underlying autoimmune disease or a post viral syndrome, causes roughening of the pericardium. The roughening of the pericardium causes the classic “rub” which can best be heard at the apex of the heart and left sternal border.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

Question 4

4 out of 4 points

Scenario 4: Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

Question:

1. Given the history of the patient explain what contributed to the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Selected Answer:	Thrombous is combination of blood cells and finbrin, is blood clot is attached to the endothelia lining of the bloodvessel it can develop either in ihe arterial or venous systems. .it can obstruct or block blood supply to vital organs, resulting in ischaemia. Venous clot formation is known to occur commonly in the deep veins of the leg . The contributory factors are Obesity, Age, Dehydration from nausea and vomiting, Post surgery complication.
Correct Answer:	Virchow’s Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. When there is injury to the intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence of the platelets to the vessel wall. The platelets become activated then aggregate forming clots. Venous stasis because of obesity, patient’s advanced age and inability to go to physical therapy.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

Question 5

4 out of 4 points

Scenario 5: COPD

A 66-year-old female with a 50 pack/year history of cigarette smoking had a CT scan and was diagnosed with emphysema. He asks if this means he has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question:

1. There is a clear relationship between emphysema and COPD, explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and the relationship to COPD.

Selected Answer:	Emphysema is one of the preventable lung disease, is as a result of prolong smoking. other causes can be pollution,and genetic, which occur as a result of alpha-1 anttrypsin deficiency . The aveoli of the lungs is affected, there is permanent enlargement and destruction of bronchial and aveoli structure reducing the surface area and decrease in elastic recoil,that leads to decrease airflow and gas exchange . Chronic obstructive disease is the obstruction of airflow due to destruction or inflammation of large central airways,small pheripheral airways and the lung parenchyma. Both emphysema and COPD have the same causes but affect different part of the lungs Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the most common form of COPD
Correct Answer:	Emphysema is a disease of the airways that causes permanent enlargement of the gas exchange airways. It is accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls do not appear to be fibrotic. Chronic exposure to irritants recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the lung resulting in progressive damage from inflammatory oxidative stress. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange that causes significant ventilation/perfusion mismatch.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

Scenario 4: Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

Question:

1. Given the history of the patient explain what contributed to the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Selected Answer:	given patient history factors that may contribute to her developing deep vein thrombosis, age, surgery, immobility, and dehydration
Correct Answer:	Virchow’s Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. When there is injury to the intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence of the platelets to the vessel wall. The platelets become activated then aggregate forming clots. Venous stasis because of obesity, patient’s advanced age and inability to go to physical therapy.
Response Feedback:	[None Given]

· Question 5

4 out of 4 points

Scenario 5: COPD

A 66-year-old female with a 50 pack/year history of cigarette smoking had a CT scan and was diagnosed with emphysema. He asks if this means he has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question:

1. There is a clear relationship between emphysema and COPD, explain the pathophysiology of emphysema and the relationship to COPD.

Selected Answer:

Emphysema is one of the lung conditions included in the term COPD. Normal lung tissue resembles a sponge; however, the lungs of people with emphysema look like an old used sponge, with large holes in them and a limited ability to “spring-back” into shape.

Emphysema is a progressive disease, that usually starts slowly with small holes between the alveoli, which eventually collapse to form larger air spaces. Old air gets trapped in these air spaces, which makes it difficult for people to inhale fresh air. Blood flow through the alveoli is also impaired meaning that people with emphysema not only struggle to breathe but have trouble receiving enough oxygen.

Cigarette smoking is by far the biggest cause of emphysema, but also the most preventable. Emphysema is more common with age and in males, and it tends to run in families. Other causes include air pollution, airway reactivity, and a deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin.

The main difference between emphysema and COPD is that emphysema is a progressive lung disease caused by over-inflation of the alveoli and COPD is an umbrella term used to describe a group of lung conditions emphysema is one of them. A person with emphysema has COPD; however, not everybody with COPD has emphysema.

Correct Answer:

Emphysema is a disease of the airways that causes permanent enlargement of the gas exchange airways. It is accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls do not appear to be fibrotic. Chronic exposure to irritants recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the lung resulting in progressive damage from inflammatory oxidative stress. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange that causes significant ventilation/perfusion mismatch.

Response Feedback:

[None Given]