NUR 513 APA Assignment

NUR 513 APA Assignment

Include the following in your paper:

1. Describe the purpose of applying nursing theory to patient care.
2. Explain why nursing theory is meaningful to current practice.
3. Explain how a nursing theory can be applied before planning and providing care in current practice.
4. Discuss which theory best reflects your personal view of the essence of nursing and how it has been helpful to you for planning and providing care to your patients.

There are numerous nursing theories related to nursing care, including the Watson and King theory. The Watson theory, developed by Jean Watson, is focused on caring. It addresses how nurses can express care to their patients. As any nurse knows, caring is a fundamental practice, which helps promotes better health outcomes. No patient wants a nurse who is rude or insensitive to their needs. Watson believes a caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation, instead believes it is transferred by the culture of the nursing profession; a way of coping with the environment (Watson, 2020). She goes into detail about how the nursing process follows a scientific research approach. The first step is assessment, where the nurse observes, identifies the problem, and makes a hypothesis. The nurse then creates a care plan, determining what data needs to be collected. The next step is the implementation and collection of all the data, while the final step is evaluation. The evaluation is the summary of the care plan, acknowledging if the nurse had the right care plan (Watson, 2020).

On the other hand, the Watson theory, developed by Imogene King, describes the theory of goal attainment. The theory defines nursing as “a process of action, reaction, and interaction by which a nurse shares information about their perception in a nursing situation” (King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, 2016).  The theory also explains how interactions between the nurse and the patient, help set goals, explore means and agree on a plan to achieve those goals. In other words, the goal of the nurse is to help the patient maintain their health so they are able to function normally (King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, 2016.

Regarding nursing practice, both theories are essential skills a nurse needs to acquire to take care of their patients. Especially down in the emergency department, nurses are making logical assumptions about the patient’s symptoms and preparing the room for the doctor. For example, if a patient comes into a roo

m with abdominal pain, the nurse knows the doctor is going to want to collect blood. This extra step of thinking is allowing results to be accumulated at a faster rate, allowing the patient to be discharged sooner. With these theories, I do not see any cons, only pros. A nurse needs to have a caring attitude, excellent bedside manner, have critical thinking skills while also being pleasant and tentative to the patient. The nurse wants the patient to get healthy and be discharged. These theories discussed possess no ethical issues unless the nurse gets too involved in the patient’s care. There is a fine line that could be crossed if the nurse steps over that boundary. For example, if the nurse really connected with a patient because of how much time they spent together and the nurse asked for money…that would be an ethical issue. It would violate the nurse-patient relationship. It is important to stay professional but also uphold a caring attitude.

References:

Jean Watson. Nursing Theory. (2020). Retrieved August 29, 2022, from https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Jean-Watson.php

King’s Theory of Goal Attainment. Nursing Theory. (2016, June 6). Retrieved August 29, 2022, from https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/king-theory-of-goal-attainment.php

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Sample Answer 2 for NUR 513 APA Assignment

According to Petripin (2023), nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing”. They are developed to explain and describe nursing care, guide nursing practice, research and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The two nursing theories I will discuss are of the two theorists Jean Watson and Madeleine Leininger’s nursing theories of which originated under the Developmental Model branch.

Jean Watson’s Human Caring Nursing Theory focuses on the principle of caring. It explains the importance for the patient and nurse to have a caring compassionate relationship.  Furthermore, Waston’s theory addresses the concerns of how nurses care for their patients and that patients are not objects but valued human beings. Watson refers to human beings as a valued person to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood, and assisted. According to Gonzalo (2023), her theory stresses the humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice. She also emphasizes the importance of promoting health, caring for the sick, and treating diseases. Watson devised 10 caring needs specific carative factors critical to the caring human experience that need to be addressed by nurses with their patients when in a caring role (Gonzalo, 2013).

Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory focuses on nursing care to fit with or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds (Gonzalo, 2023). It involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people’s cultural values health-illness context (Gonzalo, 2023). According to McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah (2019, as cited in McFarland, 2018c; McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015), the Cultural Care Theory was designed to help guide nurse researchers in discovering new meanings, patterns, expressions, and practices related to culture care that have influenced the health and well-being of individuals, families, and cultural groups. The goal of Leininger’s theory is for nurses to be knowledgeable in providing transcultural nursing care that will assist the patients’ well-being, health, assisting them to face disabilities and death. Leininger developed three cultural care decisions and actions for nurses to succeed and provide culturally friendly care. They are cultural preservation, cultural care accommodation or negotiation, and cultural care repatterning or restructuring (Petripin, 2023).

Comparing Transcultural and Human Caring Theories, they both fall under the Developmental Model branch of which assumes that there is a process of growth or maturation that is directional and has some orderly purpose (Tourville & Ingalls, 2003, p. 28). Leininger and Watson both identify nursing as a humanistic science with the concept of caring being the central unifying domain of nursing (Cohen, 1991, p. 908). Both have demonstrated their artistry in their individual portraits of change and in their contributions to the development of nursing knowledge (Cohen, 1991, p. 909).

The origin of both nursing theories was developed from Watson’s and Leininger’s different background experiences. With that said, both have a different view regarding caring in which they demonstrate a difference in emphasis on philosophical, cultural, and empirical concerns.  For example, Leininger stresses the importance of nurses to be knowledgeable in caring for people with different cultural backgrounds because they have different values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors.  On the other hand, Watson has focused on the philosophic (existential-phenomenological) and spiritual basis of caring and sees caring as the ethical and moral ideal of nursing (Cohen, 1991, p. 909).

As I look forward to the future of becoming a nurse educator, I feel that Leininger and Watson’s nursing theories will be essential to my future profession. However, Leininger’s nursing theory is more applicable to my practice because it involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people’s cultural values health-illness context (Gonzalo, 2023). My practice consists of working in the outpatient and in the inpatient settings in which we see many patients from around the world with different cultural backgrounds. This nursing theory will be essential to our wound and ostomy team because it will guide us to provide optimal cultural patient care not only to the patients but also to their families as well.

Sample Answer 3 for NUR 513 APA Assignment

The current nursing practice continues to evolve in multiple aspects in response to the complex patient needs. This evolution requires nursing professionals and leaders to understand their abilities and apply strengths appropriately. Self-assessments are highly effective for nurses to understand their behaviors for healthy relationships with others and professional excellence. Self-awareness also helps nurses to adjust appropriately and work on their weaknesses. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my self-assessment results and leadership application in nursing.

Summary of Self-Assessment Selections and Results

Various tests provide different information about individual behavior, strengths, and weaknesses. The first test selected for the self-assessment was the emotional intelligence test. Lambert (2021) described emotional intelligence as a critical success factor for effective nursing leadership and management characterized by the ability to understand one’s feelings and effectively respond to those of others. Hence, this test was chosen to evaluate my ability to deal with emotions. The other test was the learning styles assessment through the VARK (visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic) questionnaire. Since nurses should continually improve their knowledge and skills, understanding how they learn best is essential for professional growth and development. The third test was the cultural competence self-test. In health care delivery, cultural competence involves awareness of the influence of social and cultural factors on patients’ health choices (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). I selected this test to assess my ability to deal with culturally diverse individuals and groups.

Self-assessment results accurately reflect nurses’ strengths and critical improvement areas. The emotional intelligence test revealed my type as the empath. With a score of 80/100 (self-awareness) and 96/100 (empathy), I can easily understand and empathize with the emotional experiences of others (Appendix A). Concerning learning styles, I am multimodal: visual- 7, aural- 4, read/write- 2, kinesthetic- 7 (Appendix B). On cultural competence, I scored highly (50/54) in the evaluation areas, particularly communication (Appendix C). These scores will help me to maximize my strengths for effective patient care and leadership while addressing my underperformance areas.

Leadership Style Aligning with my Philosophy of Care

Nursing leaders use different approaches to influence policies, decisions, and patient care outcomes. Concerning my philosophy of care, health professionals should prioritize patient needs and ensure adequate resources and preparedness to respond effectively. Accordingly, the primary purpose of nursing is to address patient needs through active interactions, support, and empathy. The servant leadership style aligns with my care philosophy since it emphasizes serving others. As Canavesi and Minelli (2022) stated, servant leaders put others’ needs first, implying they do not prioritize their concerns. Such an approach is crucial for patient-centered care, where the treatment plans are tailored to address the patient’s specific needs.

Prioritizing others’ needs appeals to me the most about servant leadership. The implication is that servant leaders are determined to explore others’ needs and ensure their interests do not prevent them from achieving the desired organizational goals. The other encouraging attribute of servant leadership is such leaders’ commitment to the growth of their followers. Servant leaders prioritize their followers’ growth, well-being, and empowerment to foster an inclusive workplace (Thao & Kang, 2020). Inclusivity and a desire to cooperate with colleagues are vital in care coordination and for successful interdisciplinary care.

 Incorporating Elements of the Leadership Style

Successful leadership involves implementing aspects that maximize outcomes and instill the right values. One way of incorporating servant leadership elements while exercising leadership is prioritizing others’ needs before mine. A suitable example is when workers are overwhelmed, and I assist accordingly to prevent burnout. Another way of incorporating servant leadership in routine practice is promoting positive interactions to serve others for the greater good. For instance, embracing teamwork to address a patient’s complex needs comprehensively aligns with the fundamental principles of servant leadership.

Self-Improvement Areas and Steps to Improve Leadership Capabilities

Current and emerging nursing leaders should work on their weaknesses to improve their productivity and influence. A key improvement area based on the assessment results is the emotional control aspect of emotional intelligence, where I scored 19/100 (Appendix A). Improving this area is essential for effective control of emotional experiences. Malinowska-Lipień et al. (2021) underlined the importance of emotional control to enable individuals to overcome negative experiences, job stressors, and bad moods that can inhibit their productivity and interprofessional interactions. I should improve in this construct by identifying activities that cheer me quickly and implementing them regularly. Self-care practices such as meditation and exercise therapies will also help me avoid bad moods as I strive to become a better leader overall.

Characteristics of Effective Professional Nurse Leader

Nursing can only succeed when driven by forward-thinking leadership. An effective professional nurse leader should excel in communication, problem-solving, and integrity. Communication involves information transmission to guide nursing teams in executing their routine tasks. Besides preventing workplace conflicts, effective communication skills foster positive patient and staff experiences (Brooks et al., 2019). Excellent problem-solving is primarily about the leaders’ ability to formulate measures for overcoming obstacles. Therefore, nursing leaders should be advanced in analyzing and solving practice problems. Integrity involves being honest and integrating the appropriate ethical principles in leadership. These characteristics are vital for effective leadership in nursing since healthy leaders-followers relationships depend on clear communication. The implication is that excellent communication enables employees to work productively to realize organizational goals. Workplace problems, including technology challenges, inadequate workforce, and burnout, require excellent problem-solving skills. Integrity ensures nursing leaders instill a positive workplace culture and that followers look upon them for guidance, mentorship, and everyday support.

Application of Leadership Theory and Different Personal Style

Leadership theories and styles influence nursing leadership differently. The transformational leadership theory’s fundamental principle is motivating employees towards a shared vision through idealized influence (Saad Alessa, 2021). As a result, a transformational leader envisions a particular outcome and motivates followers to achieve it by working together for a common purpose. Besides idealized influence, transformational leadership is characterized by intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, and inspirational motivation (Saad Alessa, 2021; Khan et al., 2020). The implication is that transformational leaders recognize the contribution of their followers in realizing organizational goals and fostering collaboration. Such leaders continually empower and motivate their followers to prevent conflicts and cultivate a spirit of teamwork for shared decision-making. As a result, the transformational leadership style is effective in workplaces where the staff members have diverse skills, values, and strengths. The nurse leader capitalizes on the strengths of team members and groups them to work optimally, increase productivity, and achieve high job satisfaction.

Conclusion

The present nursing practice requires forward-thinking and committed nursing leadership. Such leadership is excellently positioned to motivate and empower the workforce while addressing workplace issues. Self-awareness is critical for nursing leaders to understand their behaviors, strengths, and weaknesses. I will continue working on my weaknesses for personal growth and development in critical areas like leadership, patient care, and interprofessional relationships.

 

References

Brooks, L. A., Manias, E., & Bloomer, M. J. (2019). Culturally sensitive communication in healthcare: A concept analysis. Collegian, 26(3), 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.007

Canavesi, A., & Minelli, E. (2022). Servant leadership: a systematic literature review and network analysis. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 34(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-021-09381-3

Kaihlanen, A. M., Hietapakka, L., & Heponiemi, T. (2019). Increasing cultural awareness: qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions about cultural competence training. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x

Khan, H., Rehmat, M., Butt, T. H., Farooqi, S., & Asim, J. (2020). Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing: a mediation model. Future Business Journal, 6, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00043-8

Lambert, S. (2021). Role of emotional intelligence in effective nurse leadership. Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987), 36(12), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2021.e11782

Malinowska-Lipień, I., Wadas, T., Sułkowska, J., Suder, M., Gabryś, T., Kózka, M., Gniadek, A., & Brzostek, T. (2021). Emotional control among nurses against work conditions and the support received during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 18(17), 9415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179415

Saad Alessa, G. (2021). The dimensions of transformational leadership and its organizational effects in public universities in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 682092. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682092

Thao, N. P. H., & Kang, S. W. (2020). When servant leaders inspire followers to become organizational citizens? Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244019900184. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900184

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The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

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Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

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Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource

Sample Answer 4 for NUR 513 APA Assignment

The two nursing theories that I choose to focus on are Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory and Betty Neman’s Systems Model. In Peplau’s model the patient is a respected, dignified participant of the nurse-patient relationship and the nurse is a caring and empathetic care provider (Tourville & Ingalls, 2003). During this partnership there are three phases, orientation when the relationship is first being established and trust is being built. Followed by the working phase where both parties are working together to treat the patient and once they are back at their baseline then the relationship is terminated ( Tourville & Ingalls, 2003). In Betty Neumans Systems Model the focus is less on the interpersonal relationship between the patient and nurse and more on the five factors that affect health- physical, socioeconomic, developmental, spiritual and their environment. Wellness is on a continuum that is affected by a persons reaction to “inter, intra and extra personal factors (Tourville & Ingalls, 2003). Both theories focus on health and returning back to one’s baseline but they focus on different ways as well as factors affecting it. Peplau’s more focused on the nurse/patient relationship, the nurse being an advocate and other 6 nursing roles for the patient as well as being self -aware of how their interactions and possible biases could affect this relationship ( Mudd et al., 2020). Neumans sees health moving along a continuum affects by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as their environment.

The theory that would most be in line with my future role of a clinical nurse educator would be Neumans model with some aspects of Peplau’s theory thrown in. Neumans because working as a case manager in a hospital I have seen how lack of access to resources, poverty, low health literacy and lack of available physicians has a detrimental affect on patients health. When they have follow up appointments, access to healthy food so they can eat healthier diet and are educated on importance of being consistent with their medication and what is is for they are less likely to be readmitted. However, this all begins with a strong interpersonal relationship between the patients and the nurses.  This is where Peplau’s theory comes into play. We will need to gain their trust and that only comes with building a real relationship with the patient which  I believe will lead to better health outcomes.