NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved-Step -By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NRS-433V Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Solved
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft
Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the guidelines below.
PICOT Question
Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor.
The final PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
Research Critiques
In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments, you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique on two articles for each type of study (4 articles total). Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making appropriate revisions.
Supporting Nursing Practice through Research
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Question
The identified nursing practice problem for the project is job-relates stress among nurses. Job-related stress is one of the health problems that nurses face in their practice. Nurses are highly predisposed to stress due to the complex nature of the interaction that they have with their environments (Moberg et al., 2019). The persistent exposure of nurses to complex demands of care in their workplaces predisposes them to chronic stress as well as other pathological problems such as burnout and job dissatisfaction. Persistent exposure to stressful conditions often leads to emotional exhaustion, disengagement and loss of interest in work (Shariatkhah et al., 2017). The effects of job-related stress on nursing and quality of nursing care are documented in studies. Accordingly, stress predisposes nurses to negative health outcomes that include depression, anxiety, and job dissatisfaction. It also increases the risk of high rate of turnover among them, high rates of medication errors and safety issues in healthcare, and high costs of operation (Rathbone et al., 2017). Interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapies are effective in reducing the effects and impacts of job-related stress in nursing (Bagheri et al., 2019). However, its use has not been explored in my practice. Therefore, the purpose of the project is to explore the use of cognitive behavioral therapies in managing stress among nurses. The PICOT question is, in registered nurses working in the emergency department, does the education on cognitive behavioral therapy reduce job stress when compared to no intervention within 8 months? The significance of the project to nursing is that it will improve safety, quality, and cost-efficiency in patient care.
Background
The studies by Asplund et al., (2019), Terp et al., (2019), Shariatkhah et al., (2017) and Bagheri et al.,
(2019) were selected for analysis. The study by Terp et al., (2019) explored the experiences of nursing students with cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management intervention. The problem that necessitated the need for this study was the fact that most of the studies about stressors in nursing are quantitative in nature. The importance of this study to nursing is that nurses can use it to develop, implement and evaluate interventions that are utilized to improve the management of stress by nurses and nursing students. The research question was note explicitly stated in this study. However, it can be inferred to have been, what are the experiences of nursing students with cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management intervention? (Terp et al., 2019). The purpose of the study by Asplund et al., (2019) was to capture the experiences of participants with an internet delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management. The need for this study was informed by the fact that no study has explored the experiences of workers with internet-delivered treatments that focus on stress and work situation. The importance of this study to nursing is that it will inform the interventions that will be utilized in nursing to improve the experiences of nurses with stress management. The research question was not stated explicitly. However it can be inferred to have been, what is the experience of the participants with an internet delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management? (Asplund et al., 2019).
The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) determined the effects of teaching stress-coping strategies as well as cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress to nurses. The problem that necessitated this study was the limited evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress among nurses. The significance of the study to nursing is that it bridges the gap in evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in job-related stress and burnout. The research question for the project was not stated. It can however be inferred to have been, what is the effects of teaching stress-coping strategies and cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress among nurses? (Bagheri et al., 2019). The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on stress experienced by nurses. The nursing problem that informed this study was the high prevalence of job-related stress among nurses with scarcity of evidence on efficacy of cognitive behavioral stress management strategies. The significance of the research to nursing is that it informs the quality improvement interventions that can be used to improve the health and wellbeing of nurses. The research question can be inferred to have been, what are the effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on nurses’ job stress? (Shariatkhah et al., 2017).
How They Support the Nursing Practice Issue
The article by Terp et al., (2019) will be used to show that cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in reducing the stress levels among nurses. The study will also be used to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptance level of the intervention. The study by Asplund et al., (2019) will be used to show that cognitive behavioral interventions strengthen the development of effective coping knowledge and skills by the nurses. It will also be used to show the wider acceptability of the intervention in stress management. The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) showed that the use of cognitive-behavioral stress management program was associated with a significant decline in the stress levels among nurses. The article therefore answers the PICOT question by showing that the use of cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in reducing stress experienced by nurses in the workplace. The study Bagheri et al., (2019) showed that group cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress coping strategies were effective in reducing burnout and its correlates that included stress among nurses. This study will answer the PICOT question by showing the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing stress among nurses.
The interventions of the selected studies compare to those identified in the PICOT question. All the studies examined the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in managing stress among nurses. The comparison groups however differ in two studies from those of the PICOT question. The study by Terp et al., (2019) used nursing students while that by Asplund et al., (2019) utilized a mix of workers, including nurses. Despite the differences, the study is effective in showing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions in stress management among nurses.
Methods
The studies by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) and Bagheri et al., (2019) were quantitative studies that utilized semi-experimental/quasi-experimental study design to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in stress levels among nurses. The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) used a larger sample size (60 nurses) when compared to that of Shariatkhah et al., (2017) (40 participants). Both studies were also pre and post-test interventional investigations. The studies by Asplund et al., (2019) and Terp et al., (2019) were qualitative studies. The study by Terp et al., (2019) utilized a descriptive qualitative study design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with data analysis done using inductive content analysis. The study by Asplund et al., (2019) was a qualitative follow-up of a randomized controlled trial that examined the experiences of the participants with work-focused and internet-based cognitive behavioral treatment for stress. The participants was selected using criterion-based sampling with data collected using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis used in analyzing the obtained data.
One benefit associated with semi-experimental study design that were used in the articles by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) and Bagheri et al., (2019) is that the undertaking them utilize less resources (Barría, 2018). The method is however associated with the weakness of not utilizing randomization. Randomization affects the reliability and validity of the study outcomes (Hennink et al., 2020). The descriptive qualitative method utilized by Terp et al., (2019) is associated with the advantage of ensuring the transparency of the interpretations of the researchers. It is however associated with the disadvantage of verifying the truthfulness of the information that the participants give (Indrayan, 2021). The advantage of the follow-up of randomized controlled trial utilized by by Asplund et al., (2019) is that it confirms the results obtained in the quantitative study. It however has the disadvantage of recall bias and challenge of verifying the accuracy of the information given by the participants (Barría, 2018).
Results
The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) showed that cognitive behavioral stress management was associated with a significant decline in stress level among nurses. The researchers found that there was a significant reduction in the mean score and standard deviation in stress levels among the nurses post-intervention. The mean score and standard deviation before and after intervention were 3.48 (0.22) and 2.8 (0.2) in the group that received the intervention and 3.48 (0.21) and 3.56 (0.2) in the control group (Shariatkhah et al., 2017). The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) found that cognitive behavioral intervention and stress-coping strategies were effective in reducing burnout among nurses. The effectiveness of the interventions were maintained after one month of the study (Bagheri et al., 2019). In addition, the study by Terp et al., (2019) showed that cognitive behavioral stress management intervention was associated with significant benefits to the participants. The benefits could be seen from themes that included participants being more in touch with reality, increase in their self-confidence, improvement in communication skills, and providing them with a new way of reflecting (Terp et al., 2019). The study by Asplund et al., (2019) showed that the intervention was associated with positive effects on the mental health and wellbeing in both work and life of the participants.
The above findings have a number of implications to nursing practice. One of the implications is that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective intervention that can be used for stress management. Nurses should advocate its use for the promotion of safety and quality in nursing care. The other implication is that nurses should explore the ways in which the interventions can be used to optimize on their health outcomes. Nurses should also conduct evidence-based researches to explore the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in their settings (Moberg et al., 2019).
Ethical Considerations
One of the ethical considerations in research is informed consent. Informed consent should be obtained from the study participants. Informed consent symbolizes the protection of rights of the participants. It also ensures that their autonomy is maintained. The other ethical principle is ensuring data integrity. The privacy and confidentiality of data of the participants should be protected in a research. The data should be kept away from access by third parties. The identity of the participants should also be kept anonymous (Roth & Unger, 2018). The researchers in the selected articles took the above ethical considerations into account in their researches. The authors in all the selected studies obtained informed consent from the participants prior to seeking information from them. The participants were informed about the need and importance of their participation in the research. The other way in which they took into account the ethical considerations is that they kept the identity of the participants anonymous. They assigned codes to the participants, thereby, making it hard to identify the participants with the information they gave (Asplund et al., 2019; Terp et al., 2019; Shariatkhah et al., 2017; Bagheri et al., 2019).
Outcomes Comparison
One of the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT question is the reduction in the level of stress among registered nurses working in the emergency department. The use of cognitive behavioral interventions is expected to reduce the perceived level of stress that nurses experience in their workplace (Moberg et al., 2019). The other outcome is the nurses developing effecting coping strategies for managing job-related stress. It is also expected that indicators of safety and quality will decline with the implementation of the intervention. The indicators will include the rate of medication errors and adverse events in the emergency department (Rathbone et al., 2017). The implementation of the intervention is also expected to result in an improvement in the level of job satisfaction among nurses. The improvement is anticipated to reduce the costs incurred in the organization due to hiring and retaining new nurses (Moberg et al., 2019). The anticipated outcomes of the PICOT share close similarities with those reported in the selected articles (Asplund et al., 2019; Terp et al., 2019; Shariatkhah et al., 2017; Bagheri et al., 2019). Accordingly, the outcomes in the selected articles included the reduction in stress levels and burnout among the nurses. The focus in the PICOT question is also on the reduction in the levels of stress among nurses. Therefore, it is anticipated that the project will provide critical insights into the success and weaknesses of the intervention in improving the mental health and wellbeing of nurses working in the emergency department.
Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change
There exists a link between the PICOT question, research articles, and the nursing research problem that was identified in this project. The PICOT question guides the nature of articles that were selected to guide the investigation of the problem. The PICOT question also provides the limits within which the selected articles should focus. The selected articles must therefore be relevant to the PICOT question and nursing problem. The nursing problem guided the selection of the research articles. The articles must have been relevant and appropriate to the identified nursing problem and problem in the PICOT statement. As a result, they are all related. Based on the information obtained from the selected articles, the proposed evidence-based practice change for my setting is the provision of education on cognitive behavioral strategies to nurses to reduce and prevent job-related stress among them.
Conclusion
Overall, job-related stress is a critical problem that nurses face in their organizations. Job-related stress is associated with negative outcomes such as increase in the rate of medication errors, burnout, job dissatisfaction, and a high level of turnover among nurses. The selected studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective intervention that can be used to reduce and manage job-related stress among nurses. Therefore, it is proposed that the best evidence-based practice change for my setting is the provision of education on cognitive behavioral strategies to nurses to reduce and prevent job-related stress among them.
References
Asplund, R. P., Jäderlind, A., Björk, I. H., Ljótsson, B., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2019). Experiences of internet-delivered and work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for stress: A qualitative study. Internet Interventions, 18, 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100282
Bagheri, T., Fatemi, M. J., Payandan, H., Skandari, A., & Momeni, M. (2019). The effects of stress-coping strategies and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on nurse burnout. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 32(3), 184–189.
Barría, R. M. (2018). Cohort Studies in Health Sciences. BoD – Books on Demand.
Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE.
Indrayan, A. (2021). Research Methods for Medical Graduates. Taylor & Francis Limited.
Terp, U., Bisholt, B., & Hjärthag, F. (2019). Not Just Tools to Handle It: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences From Participating in a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 46(6), 922–929. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119865319
Moberg, C., Niles, A., & Beermann, D. (2019). Guided Self-Help Works: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial of Pacifica, a Mobile App Integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(6), e12556. https://doi.org/10.2196/12556
Rathbone, A. L., Clarry, L., & Prescott, J. (2017). Assessing the Efficacy of Mobile Health Apps Using the Basic Principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(11), e8598. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8598
Roth, W.-M., & Unger, H. von. (2018). Current Perspectives on Research Ethics in Qualitative Research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-19.3.3155
Shariatkhah, J., Farajzadeh, Z., & Khazaee, K. (2017). The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management on Nurses’ Job Stress. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(5), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.215683
The nursing profession is awash with many problems that hamper patient care. Nurses encounter these problems in routine practice and should be centrally involved in addressing them comprehensively. Typically, nurses use the evidence-based practice (EBP) approach to address practice problems. The EBP approach recommends sourcing evidence from current, peer-reviewed scholarly studies to guide practice change. Quantitative and qualitative studies are both used to inform decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to analyze quantitative and qualitative articles, and determine the link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem.
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Question
The nursing practice problem identified for exploration through a PICOT approach is nurse burnout. It is among the prevalent problems in nursing practice stemming from numerous factors such as job dissatisfaction, increased workload, frustrations, and personal stressors outside of work (Dos Santos, 2020). The effects of nurse burnout are far-reaching and regrettable. They include apathy, fatigue, distraction, and increased vulnerability to committing medication errors (Kwon et al., 2021). Nurse burnout also increases the turnover rate among nurses. Such effects are detrimental to patient care hence the need for interventions.
PICOT Question: Among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses (P), can practicing stress management techniques like resilience, mindfulness, and yoga (I) compared to not practicing (C) lower burnout rates by 50% (O) within six months (T)?
Background
Different research studies explore nurse burnout from different dimensions. Uchmanowicz et al. (2021) conducted qualitative research on the challenges that nurses experience when providing care in under-resourced settings. The primary premise is that rationing nursing care leads to professional burnout among nurses working in critical areas like cardiovascular settings. The article is significant to nursing since it elaborates on the cause-outcome connection of nurse burnout. Its purpose is to evaluate the link between rationing of nursing care and nurse burnout. The objective is to determine the impacts of nurse rationing guided by the research question of whether rationing of nursing care leads to professional burnout in nursing staff.
In a different qualitative study, Dos Santos (2020) explored the relationship between nurses’ stress, burnout, and reduced self-efficacy levels. They further examined the leading sources of stress and burnout among nursing professions. The primary problems being explored include stress and burnout as leading causes of low self-efficacy. Understanding the causes is instrumental to addressing nurse burnout. As a result, the article is significant to nursing since it provides relevant information that can be used to reduce nurse burnout to improve patient care outcomes. The article’s purpose is to enhance understanding of the causes of nurse burnout to help address the problem by addressing the causes. The research question is, “what are the sources of burnout and stress lowering self-efficacy and lead to an unbalanced patient ratio?”
The quantitative articles primarily evaluate the solutions to nurse burnout in health care settings. Elkady (2019) studied how mindfulness and resilience can help nurses manage burnout and improve overall performance. The main problem that the article addresses is nurse burnout and how it continues to hamper health care delivery. Elkady (2019) assessed the beneficial effects of resilience and mindfulness as strategies to improve nurses’ health and well-being to cope with nurse burnout. The article is significant to nursing since it provides solutions to a prevalent nursing problem. The study’s research question is “what is the impact of mindfulness and resilience on nurse burnout?” Both interventions can be implemented through a training program.
Diehl et al. (2021) examined effective interventions based on social, personal, and organizational resources for protecting nurses from nurse burnout. When solutions to burnout are known, nurses and nurse leaders can liaise and implement them effectively. The article is significant to nursing since it explores the different solutions that can be implemented to mitigate the damaging effect of nurse burnout. Diehl et al. (2021) studied the protective role of resources on the workload-nurse burnout association. They examined how workload interferes with nurses’ ability to provide optimal care and the buffering effects of various resources. The research question is, “is the relationship between workload and burnout among nurses and the role of personal, social and organizational resources in protecting these providers?”
How the Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue (Nurse Burnout)
The four articles will be used to answer the PICOT question since they provide the background, causes, effects, and effective solutions. They demonstrate how nurse burnout is a prevalent problem affecting care delivery and why it needs to be a priority area when addressing nursing problems. The articles further demonstrate the link between stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy among nurses. Issues such as workplace bullying, the lack of personal development and self-care opportunities, and dissatisfaction have been noted as the primary focus areas when nurse leaders and organizational management want to address nurse burnout (Dos Santos et al., 2020; Uchmanowicz et al., 2021). The different interventions proposed in the article can be used to mitigate nurse burnout and stress. They include mindfulness, resilience, and resources to minimize workload (Diehl et al., 2021; Elkady, 2019). The solutions can be implemented individually or jointly depending on the severity and causes of nurse burnout.
The interventions and comparison groups share many characteristics with the study group in the PICOT question. To compare outcomes, researchers use an intervention group receiving the treatment and compare outcomes with a control group not receiving the treatment. Data collection varies depending on whether the study is qualitative or quantitative. As proposed in the PICOT question, the intervention group will practice stress management through mindfulness, resilience, and yoga and the results compared to a control group not receiving any stress management skills. The objective is to compare findings to rationalize the effectiveness of the nurse burnout intervention method.
Method of Study
Researchers use different approaches to explore different nursing problems. Uchmanowicz (2021) used the cross-sectional design to investigate the link between rationing and professional burnout. Data were collected via surveys. Diehl et al. (2021) used the same approach (a national cross-sectional survey) to investigate the buffering role of resources on the workload-burnout association among nurses. Elkady (2019) used quantitative survey research to evaluate the effects of mindfulness and resilience on job burnout. Dos Santos et al. (2020) invited nursing professionals for a qualitative inquiry based on a snowball sampling strategy.
Each method has different benefits and limitations. Cross-sectional studies are quick, inexpensive, and easy to conduct (Wang & Cheng, 2020). Researchers can also use them to generate hypotheses for future research. However, cross-sectional studies can miss crucial information about changes over time since they observe individuals at one point in time. A quantitative survey is a highly effective method for collecting data about multiple variables, including the study subjects’ opinions, behaviors, and demographics. However, surveys often rely on self-reported data (Fryer & Nakao, 2020). Unlike surveys, a qualitative inquiry allows researchers to investigate a problem in more depth and detail. However, researchers cannot quantify subjects’ responses.
Results of Study
The articles have different results helping to understand nurse burnout and how to address it in more detail. Uchmanowicz et al. (2020) found that the leading components of nurse burnout include emotional exhaustion, job dissatisfaction, and depersonalization. In the other study, Dos Santos (2020) found that factors within the nurses’ environment play a significant role in increasing stress and burnout, reducing nurses’ self-efficacy. Such factors include workplace incivility, lack of personal development, and family stress. Elkady (2019) found resilience and mindfulness to be effective buffers against nurse burnout. According to Diehl et al. (2021), personal, organizational, and social resources can effectively reduce nurse burnout. Such resources include a good working team and workplace recognition programs.
These studies have huge implications in nursing practice. Firstly, nurse burnout is a significant problem in today’s practice and worsens progressively. The articles can be used to understand its causes, manifestations, and possible solutions. Secondly, nurse burnout is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased absenteeism, turnover intention, and job dissatisfaction (Kwon et al., 2021). Since these outcomes hamper patient care, the articles can be used to guide practice change to prevent and buffer the damaging effects of nurse burnout. Mindfulness, resilience, and using resources such as workplace teams have been proposed as effective intervention programs. The articles can guide nurses in selecting and applying appropriate methods to address nurse burnout.
Ethical Considerations
Ethics is crucial in nursing research to ensure that studies are free from ethical and legal accusations. Two main ethical considerations guide nursing research- informed consent and confidentiality. According to Manti and Licari (2018.), informed consent involves apprising participants about the study’s details, including the nature, risks, and benefits, to enable them to participate willingly. Confidentiality involves protecting private information and not sharing it with anyone without the subjects’ approval. The four studies adhered to the ethical principles of informed consent and confidentiality. All the participants were informed about the nature of the study, and those unwilling to participate were excluded. Information obtained from the research was also kept confidential, as promised.
Outcomes Comparison
As hypothesized in the PICOT question, the anticipated outcome is that nurse burnout will decrease in nurses practicing stress management in six months. The outcomes of the four articles compare to the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT question since they focus on eradicating burnout among nurses. Stress management strategies emphasized in the articles include resilience, mindfulness, and organizational resources such as teamwork and recognition programs (Diehl et al., 2021). Stress management will help regulate nurses’ moods, reduce anxiety, and help them focus mentally and physically on their work.
Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change
The PICOT question links strongly with the research articles and the nursing practice problem (nurse burnout). The articles provide useful information to answer the PICOT question. Using the information provided, nurses can apply resilience, mindfulness, and organizational resources to prevent and cope with burnout. To enable nurses to apply these strategies effectively, resilience and mindfulness training for nurses is important. Through such training, nurses should be taught stress management skills, including mindfulness breathing and resilience tips such as self-care, exercises, and working in teams.
Conclusion
Nurse burnout is among the prevalent problems hampering patient care in nursing practice. Like many other problems, an evidence-based approach is highly effective in addressing the problem. As discussed in this paper, stress management techniques can be used to address burnout among nurses. Addressing the problem will be instrumental in reducing nurse turnover and optimizing health outcomes. A nurse training in stress management is crucial to empower nurses experiencing burnout or at risk of burnout.
References
Diehl, E., Rieger, S., Letzel, S., Schablon, A., Nienhaus, A., Escobar Pinzon, L. C., & Dietz, P. (2021). The relationship between workload and burnout among nurses: The buffering role of personal, social and organizational resources. PloS One, 16(1), e0245798. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). Stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy of nursing professionals: A qualitative inquiry. Healthcare, 8(4): 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040424
Elkady, A. A. M. (2019). Mindfulness and resilience as predictors of job burnout among nurses in public hospitals. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 8, 14-21. https://perrjournal.com/index.php/per journal/article/view/167
Fryer, L. K., & Nakao, K. (2020). The future of survey self-report: An experiment contrasting Likert, VAS, Slide, and Swipe Touch interfaces. Frontline Learning Research, 8(3), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i3.501
Kwon, C. Y., Lee, B., Kwon, O. J., Kim, M. S., Sim, K. L., & Choi, Y. H. (2021). Emotional labor, burnout, medical error, and turnover intention among South Korean nursing staff in a university hospital setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910111
Manti, S., & Licari, A. (2018). How to obtain informed consent for research. Breathe (Sheffield, England), 14(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.001918
Uchmanowicz, I., Kubielas, G., Serzysko, B., Kołcz, A., Gurowiec, P., & Kolarczyk, E. (2021). Rationing of nursing care and professional burnout among nurses working in cardiovascular settings. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726318
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012