NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
Chamberlain University NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
Reflect on the concepts and practices you have learned in NR506 on healthcare systems, politics, and health policy. Read the article that is linked below and share insights as how to make informed decisions on nursing practice and patient outcomes on a global basis. In addition, state how you will apply what you have learned in this course to your upcoming practicum experience.
Read the article by:
Ding, D. Lawson, K. D. Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Finkelstein, E. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., van Mechelen, W. & Pratt, M. (2016). The economic burden of physical inactivity: A global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1311-1324. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X Link HERE
From reading the article, it reinforced the concept that simply having a policy in place does not mean it is being executed to its fullest potential (Kohl et al., 2016). Issues that are prevalent in one area of the world might not be common in another part of the world; this possibility will have to be considered when developing a global policy (Kohl et al., 2016). No matter the location, any action that a nurse takes must always be with the patient in mind. The nurse must evaluate aspects of the patient’s life that might make him different from the patient right next door with the same medical problem. As nurses we should be able to think on our feet and be flexible when it comes to our solutions for the patient. One treatment we might think is the best in reality might not be a suitable option for a particular patient.
From this course, I have learned the importance that nursing has in the political area. Nurses have a tendency to think they are just products of the system and are told what to do. On the contrary, nurses hold much more power than they realize. We are patient advocates, so we have a duty to change the system if we do not agree with it. We are problem solvers in our daily practice; this skill is vital for public policy. Through this course, I feel I have developed more confidence in feeling capable to speak to someone in policymaking or administration about an issue. We have a responsibility to ourselves and the people we care for to be lifelong learners, and I will try to implement this concept into my own practice one day. We are entrusted to give the patient the best possible care that we can provide. To accomplish this objective, we must strive to better our practice while always safeguarding the rights and integrity of our patients.
References
Kohl, H.W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E.V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J.R., Leetonngin, G., & Kahlmeier, K. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294-305. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8.
Sample Answer 2 for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
One-to-one nursing provides direct services to patients in need, but one-to one direct nursing has little impact or influence on changing community healthcare goals or healthcare systems and policies. Thinking about community and population health needs calls for nurses to get involved with public policy advocacy. Public policy advocacy has more of a direct influence on implementing community healthcare goals and creating policies that benefit all patient groups.Nurses who train to become public policy health advocates put themselves in unique positions to take on roles as lobbyists for specific health causes, help draft legislation for a needed health policy, speak at conferences, become liaisons for coalitions, even start grass roots health policy organizations and join forces with more established organizations that advocate similar causes. Public policy advocacy is a great way to get community health issues heard on a grand scale to influence system change (Arabi, Rafii, Cheraghi, & Ghiyasvandian, 2014). However, public policy advocacy is not the best method to provide direct services to individual population members in need (Arabi et al., 2014). Only root causes of the issue will be addressed, such as reviewing the legality and constitutionality of laws and ordinances (Arabi et al., 2014). Both one-to-one nursing and public policy advocacy are effective in their own way.
Reference:
Arabi, A., Rafii, F., Cheraghi, M. A., & Ghiyasvandian, S. (2014). Nurses’ policy influence: A concept analysis. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19(3), 315–322. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061635/
Sample Answer 3 for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
As an advanced practice nurse, it is crucial that we have the ability to make informed decisions on nursing practices. Obtaining research and gaining knowledge about the topic is a crucial part of making these decisions. Many times, the research that is done is not necessarily the most recent or the best practice. We need to be sure that the research being done is the best available (Oxman, A. (2016). Patient outcomes depend on the current practices and can improve when we discover what has worked well and what has not worked well. In the article, there were multiple steps when gaining information about physical inactivity. First, activity must be measured and then a guide can be made. We then need to take a step back and decide what is needed to help this move forward. This goes for any topic. While researching about my policy issue, it took time to figure what the goal was and the steps to get there. It is a one step at a time kind of deal, which makes it much more difficult (Kohl et al, 2012).
When thinking about my upcoming practicums, I believe that this process will help me take a step back and think about the issues that we face in healthcare and also how we can help make change. I have learned that when finding a problem, research and communication can go a long way.
References
Kohl, H.W., Craig, C.L., Lambert, E.V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J.R., Leetonngin, G. & Kahlmeier, K. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for the public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294-305.
Oxman, A. (2016). GRADE evidence to decision frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. The bmj, 28(1), 353.
Sample Answer 4 for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
There has been an increased shortage on injectable medication such as: lidocaine, sedatives, diuretics etc., but most importantly and increased back order on IV narcotics such as Morphine and dilaudid (Kacik, 2018). This shortage stems from the company Pfizer who manufactures 80% of injectable narcotics who is in the process of upgrading their facility into Mcpherson, Kan., which has taken longer than expected ( Kacik, 2018). Ether manufactures have not been able to keep up with the supplies needed, because they are smaller companies, therefore leading to a deficit. The shortages and the delays manufacturing is estimated to continue till the middle of 2019 (Kacik, 2018). Healthcare facilities have made workarounds for this shortage by giving narcotics po and by substituting other medications such as muscle relaxants to help their patients get pain relief (Kacik, 2018).
Kacik, A. (2018). Ongoing drug shortages force providers to find workarounds. Modern Healthcare, 48(13), 0012.
Sample Answer 5 for NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
As an advanced practice nurse, it is crucial that we have the ability to make informed decisions on nursing practices. Obtaining research and gaining knowledge about the topic is a crucial part of making these decisions. Many times, the research that is done is not necessarily the most recent or the best practice. We need to be sure that the research being done is the best available (Oxman, A. (2016). Patient outcomes depend on the current practices and can improve when we discover what has worked well and what has not worked well. In the article, there were multiple steps when gaining information about physical inactivity. First, activity must be measured and then a guide can be made. We then need to take a step back and decide what is needed to help this move forward. This goes for any topic. While researching about my policy issue, it took time to figure what the goal was and the steps to get there. It is a one step at a time kind of deal, which makes it much more difficult (Kohl et al, 2012).
When thinking about my upcoming practicums, I believe that this process will help me take a step back and think about the issues that we face in healthcare and also how we can help make change. I have learned that when finding a problem, research and communication can go a long way.
References
Kohl, H.W., Craig, C.L., Lambert, E.V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J.R., Leetonngin, G. & Kahlmeier, K. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for the public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294-305.
Oxman, A. (2016). GRADE evidence to decision frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. The bmj, 28(1), 353.
Participation Guidelines
Due Date: First initial posting to the required threaded discussion topic is due by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT. Peer and instructor responses are due by Sunday 11:59 pm MT. All posts for week 8 are due by the close of class on Wednesday 11:59 pm MT. Please note that the late assignment policy does not apply to the threaded discussions.
Total Points Possible: Varies with course, please see specific course syllabus. These guidelines are for a required threaded discussion worth 50 points. Please note that week 8 will be worth only 25 points.
Requirements:
Description of the Assignment
1. Initial posting: This is defined to be the initial post in which the student responds to the required threaded discussion topic. The first posting by a student within the required discussion area is considered to be the initial posting and will be evaluated using the rubric criteria. Scholarship in communication is expected. Required scholarly source(s) provide specific information that thoroughly address the required topic. For the initial posting, one scholarly source must be presented. The scholarly source must be an outside source. The student may use the required course textbook (s), assigned readings and lesson information in the initial post; however, these are not considered outside scholarly sources.
The initial posting must occur before Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT. Initial postings must be at a minimum of 300 words. References do not apply toward word count. ONLY in Week 8, the initial posting must be a minimum of 200 words with a scholarly reference. It remains due by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT
2. Peer responses: As part of the threaded discussion requirements, the student must provide a substantive response to a peer. Substantive responses pose new ideas, ask questions, and/or generally add to the discussion topic in a meaningful and constructive way.
The peer response must occur on a separate day from the initial posting and instructor response (see below). This peer response must occur before Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. This response does not require a scholarly reference unless information is paraphrased and/or direct quotes are used, then APA guidelines apply. Peer responses must be a minimum of 150 words. References do not apply toward word count.
3. Instructor response: The student must respond to an instructor’s follow-up questions. The instructor’s question may be directed to the student or may be a question directed to another student in the section. The response must be comprehensive and scholarly in nature. Instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words. References do not apply toward word count.
The response to the instructor must occur on a day different from the initial post and a day different from the peer response. Responses to the instructor must occur before Sunday, 11:59 pm MT.
4. For week 8 only: Students are expected to post a peer response or an instructor post but are not required to do both. These posts must be a minimum of 100 words. References do not apply toward word count. The peer or instructor response must be on a different day than the initial post and must occur before Wednesday, 11:50 pm MT due to the shorter week.
Posting Requirements:
- The initial posting must be provided before Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT.
- The initial posting must have at least one scholarly outside source that is cited within the posting and referenced. Required course textbooks, assigned readings and lesson information are not considered to be outside scholarly sources.
- Initial posting must be a minimum of 300 words; peer responses and instructor responses a minimum 150 words.
- The peer responses and instructor responses must be provided before Sunday, 11:59 pm MT.
- All postings are substantive and relate to the graded threaded discussion topic.
- Only one small quote (15 words or less) within the entire initial posting is accepted.
- Postings must occur on 3 separate days.
- For week 8 only: the required postings are amended due to the shorter week. Two posts are required. One initial post and either a peer response or an instructor response. Initial post must be a minimum of 200 words and the peer or instructor response must be a minimum of 100 words. Both posts are required to be on two separate days. All posts must be made by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT
Criteria for Content
- Scholarliness: In this category, the student will conduct a search of the current databases and locate valid, relevant, and reliable information for the required topic. Each reference must be scholarly.
- Application of Course Knowledge: In this category, the student demonstrates the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge, and information learned in the course lesson and outside readings. This information is then applied to a real-life professional situation as an example.
- Interactive Dialogue: In this category, the minimum requirements are to provide an initial posting to the graded threaded discussion topic by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT of each week. In addition, one peer response and one instructor response are required. These postings must be completed by Sunday, 11:59 pm MT of each week. The initial posting, peer response, and instructor response must be on 3 separate days.
- Grammar, Syntax, APA: Proper grammar, APA, and syntax is required for all posts. Students should follow the APA Manual 6th Edition. Additional APA information is available in Course Resources.
- Participation Requirement: One initial posting, one peer response and one instructor response (for a total of 3 posts for the week) are required on 3 separate days.
- Participation Deadline: The student must provide a substantive response to the graded threaded discussion topic. This must be posted by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT of each week. Peer and instructor responses must be posted by Sunday, 11:59 pm MT.
- For week 8 only: the required postings are amended due to the shorter week. Two posts are required. One initial post and either a peer response or an instructor response. Initial post must be a minimum of 200 words and the peer or instructor response must be a minimum of 100 words. Both posts are required to be on two separate days. All posts must be made by Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT.
- Also Read: NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 7 Discussion RN as Healthcare Policy Leader
Criteria for Format and Special Instructions
- Instructor reserves the right to submit any threaded discussion posting to TurnItIn in order to verify the originality.
- When journals are used as the outside source of information, it is preferred that the journal be peer reviewed. The Chamberlain online librarian is very helpful in assisting you to find an article related to your topic. If you have questions concerning scholarly sources, please refer to the handout entitled “What is a scholarly source” located under “Course Resources” tab.
- Web sites vary in quality and scholarship. It is the responsibility of the student to determine the scholarly nature of the web site. If the instructor determines that the site failed to demonstrate scholarship, points maybe deducted. Students are cautioned to use care regarding .com sites. Some .com sites are excellent such as American Heart Association, but others are built by individuals and scholarliness is lacking. It is recommended that you check with your instructor before using a .com website as a reference.
- Only one small quote (15 words or less) within the entire initial posting is acceptable. It is expected that the student will paraphrase the information when presenting information from a scholarly source. The scholarly source(s) for the paraphrased information must be cited using APA format. Do not include a number of small quotes even if they are just a few words as your instructor considers a quote to be a quote no matter its limited size.
-
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS:NR 506 Healthcare Policy Week 8 Discussion Reflection Global Policy Reform
Grading Rubric
Performance Category | 100% or highest level of performance
100% 16 points |
Very good or high level of performance
88% 14 points |
Acceptable level of performance
81% 13 points |
Inadequate demonstration of expectations
68% 11 points |
Deficient level of performance
56% 9 points |
Failing level
of performance 55% or less 0 points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Points Possible= 50 | 16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points |
Scholarliness
Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics. |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements
|
16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points |
|
Application of Course Knowledge
Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three of the following elements
|
10 Points | 9 Points | 6 Points | 0 Points | |||
Interactive Dialogue
Initial post should be a minimum of 300 words (references do not count toward word count) The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each (references do not count toward word count) Responses are substantive and relate to the topic. |
Demonstrated all of the following:
|
Demonstrated 3 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 2 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 1 or less of the following:
|
||
8 Points |
7 Points |
6 Points |
5 Points | 4 Points |
0 Points |
|
Grammar, Syntax, APA
Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition Error is defined to be a unique APA error. Same type of error is only counted as one error. |
The following was present:
AND
AND
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
0 Points Deducted | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Participation
Requirements |
Demonstrated the following:
|
Failed to demonstrate the following:
|
||||
0 Points Lost | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Due Date Requirements | Demonstrated all of the following:
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |
Demonstrates one or less of the following.
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |
||||
Grading Rubric Guidelines Week 8 ONLY |
||||||
Performance Category |
100% or highest level of performance 100% |
Very good or high level of performance
88% |
Acceptable level of performance 81% |
Inadequate demonstration of expectations
68% |
Deficient level of performance
56% |
Failing level of performance
55% or less |
8 Points | 7 Points |
6 Points |
5 Points | 4 Points | 0 Points | |
Scholarliness
Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics. |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements
|
8 Points | 7 Points | 6 Points | 5 Points | 4 Points | 0 Points | |
Application of Course Knowledge –
Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic. |
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three of the following elements
Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic. |
Interactive Dialogue
For Week 8 only: Initial post should be a minimum of 200 words (references do not count toward word count) The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 100 words each (references do not count toward word count) Responses are substantive and relate to the topic. |
Demonstrated all of the following:
|
Demonstrated 3 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 2 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 1 or less of the following:
|
||
4 Points | 3 Points |
2 Points | 0 Points | |||
Grammar, Syntax, APA
Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition Error is defined to be a unique APA error. Same type of error is only counted as one error. |
The following was present:
AND
AND
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
||
0 Points | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Participation Requirements | For Week 8 ONLY:
Demonstrated the following:
|
Failed to demonstrate the following:
|
||||
0 Points Lost | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Requirements | For Week 8 ONLY:
Demonstrated all of the following:
A minimum of one peer or one instructor response is to be posted within the course no later than Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT |
Demonstrates one or less of the following.
|
NOTE: To receive credit for a week’s discussion, students may begin posting no earlier than the Sunday immediately before each week opens. Unless otherwise specified, access to most weeks begins on Sunday at 12:01 a.m. MT, and that week’s assignments are due by the next Sunday by 11:59 pm MT. Week 8 opens at 12:01 a.m. MT Sunday and closes at 11:59 pm MT Wednesday. Any assignments and all discussion requirements must be completed by 11:59 pm MT Wednesday of the eighth week.
*Scholarly source: Per the APA Guidelines in Course Resources, only scholarly sources should be used in assignments and threaded discussions. These include peer reviewed publications, government reports, or sources written by a professional or scholar in the field. Your textbook and lesson are not considered to be an outside scholarly source. For the discussions, reputable internet sources such as websites by government agencies (URL ends in .gov) and respected organizations (often ends in .org) can be counted as scholarly sources. The best outside scholarly source to use is a peer reviewed nursing journal. You are encouraged to use the Chamberlain library and search one of the available data bases for a peer reviewed journal article. The following sources should not be used: Wikipedia, Wikis, or blogs. These web sites are not considered scholarly as anyone can add to these. Please be aware that .com websites can vary in scholarship and quality. For example American Heart Association is a .com site with scholarship and quality. It is the responsibility of the student to determine the scholarship and quality of any .com site. Ask your instructor before using any site that you are unsure of. If the instructor determines that the site does not demonstrate scholarship or quality, points will be deducted for not using scholarly sources. Current outside scholarly sources are required for the initial posting. This is defined to be 5 years or less. Instructor permission must be obtained if using a source that is older than 5 years.